An Efficient Algorithm for Dynamic Shortest Path Tree Update in Network Routing

Xiao, Bin,Cao, Jiannong,Shao, Zili,Sha, Edwin H.M. The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2007 Journal of communications and networks Vol.9 No.4

Shortest path tree(SPT) construction is essential in high performance routing in an interior network using link state protocols. When some links have new state values, SPTs may be rebuilt, but the total rebuilding of the SPT in a static way for a large computer network is not only computationally expensive, unnecessary modifications can cause routing table instability. This paper presents a new update algorithm, dynamic shortest path tree(DSPT) that is computationally economical and that maintains the unmodified nodes mostly from an old SPT to a new SPT. The proposed algorithm reduces redundancy using a dynamic update approach where an edge becomes the significant edge when it is extracted from a built edge list Q. The average number of significant edges are identified through probability analysis based on an arbitrary tree structure. An update derived from significant edges is more efficient because the DSPT algorithm neglect most other redundant edges that do not participate in the construction of a new SPT. Our complexity analysis and experimental results show that DSPT is faster than other known methods. It can also be extended to solve the SPT updating problem in a graph with negative weight edges.

Ginseng improves cognitive deficit via the RAGE/NF-kB pathway in advanced glycation end product-induced rats

Xiaobin Tan,Junfei Gu,Bingjie Zhao,Shuyuan Wang,Jiarui Yuan,Chunfei Wang,Juan Chen,Jiping Liu,Liang Feng,Xiaobin Jia 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.2

Background: Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng (PG), is used widely as a herbal medicine to prevent andtreat various diseases. Panax ginseng has pharmacological effects on neurodegenerative diseases such asAlzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of PG and its possibleneuroprotective mechanisms in advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced AD in a rat model. Methods: Advanced glycation end products were injected bilaterally into the CA3 region of the rats’brains. The Morris water maze test and step-down type passive avoidance test were performed toevaluate their memory and cognitive abilities. The oxidation indexes in the hippocampus were detected. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to visualize the receptors for advanced glycation end products(RAGEs) and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-kB). Results: Behavioral results showed that PG (1 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, and 0.25 g/kg) significantly shortened theescape latency, remarkably increased the number of crossing times, significantly decreased the numberof errors, and prolonged the latency in rats with AGE-induced AD. Panax ginseng also significantlyreduced the malondialdehyde level, increased the glutathione content, and increased superoxide dismutaseactivity in the hippocampus. Panax ginseng significantly decreased the expression of RAGE andNF-kB. The blockade of anti-RAGE antibody could significantly reduce AGE-induced impairments andregulate these expressions. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that PG significantly inhibits AGE-induced memory impairmentand attenuates Alzheimer-like pathophysiological changes. These neuroprotective effects of PG may beassociated with the RAGE/NF-kB pathway. Our results provided the experimental basis for applying PG inpreventing and treating AD.

Ginseng improves cognitive deficit via the RAGE/NF-κB pathway in advanced glycation end product-induced rats

Tan, Xiaobin,Gu, Junfei,Zhao, Bingjie,Wang, Shuyuan,Yuan, Jiarui,Wang, Chunfei,Chen, Juan,Liu, Jiping,Feng, Liang,Jia, Xiaobin The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.2

Background: Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng (PG), is used widely as a herbal medicine to prevent and treat various diseases. Panax ginseng has pharmacological effects on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of PG and its possible neuroprotective mechanisms in advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced AD in a rat model. Methods: Advanced glycation end products were injected bilaterally into the CA3 region of the rats' brains. The Morris water maze test and step-down type passive avoidance test were performed to evaluate their memory and cognitive abilities. The oxidation indexes in the hippocampus were detected. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to visualize the receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-${\kappa}B$). Results: Behavioral results showed that PG (1 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, and 0.25 g/kg) significantly shortened the escape latency, remarkably increased the number of crossing times, significantly decreased the number of errors, and prolonged the latency in rats with AGE-induced AD. Panax ginseng also significantly reduced the malondialdehyde level, increased the glutathione content, and increased superoxide dismutase activity in the hippocampus. Panax ginseng significantly decreased the expression of RAGE and NF-${\kappa}B$. The blockade of anti-RAGE antibody could significantly reduce AGE-induced impairments and regulate these expressions. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that PG significantly inhibits AGE-induced memory impairment and attenuates Alzheimer-like pathophysiological changes. These neuroprotective effects of PG may be associated with the RAGE/NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway. Our results provided the experimental basis for applying PG in preventing and treating AD.

Automorphisms of the zero-divisor graph over $2\times 2$ matrices

Xiaobin Ma,Dengyin Wang,Jinming Zhou 대한수학회 2016 대한수학회지 Vol.53 No.3

The zero-divisor graph of a noncommutative ring $R$, denoted by $\Gamma(R)$, is a graph whose vertices are nonzero zero-divisors of $R$, and there is a directed edge from a vertex $x$ to a distinct vertex $y$ if and only if $xy=0$. Let $R=M_{2}(F_q)$ be the $2\times 2$ matrix ring over a finite field $F_q$. In this article, we investigate the automorphism group of $\Gamma(R)$.

Structural analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete building structures during construction

Xiaobin Song,Xianglin Gu,Weiping Zhang,Tingshen Zhao,Xianyu Jin 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.4

This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element method based structural analysis model for structural analysis of reinforced concrete high-rise buildings during construction. The model considered the time-dependency of the structural configuration and material properties as well as the effect of the construction rate and shoring stiffness. Uniaxial compression tests of young concrete within 28 days of age were conducted to establish the time-dependent compressive stress-strain relationship of concrete,which was then used as input parameters to the structural analysis model. In-situ tests of a RC high-rise building were conducted, the results of which were used for model verification. Good agreement between the test results and model predictions was achieved. At the end, a parametric study was conducted using the verified model. The results indicated that the floor position and construction rate had significant effect on the shore load, whereas the influence of the shore removal timing and shore stiffness have much smaller. It was also found that the floors are more prone to cracking during construction than is ultimate bending failure.

Refractory Performance of the Axial Tensile Welded Hollow Spherical Joint

Xiaobin Qiu,Bingsheng Huang,Haoyu Song,Zhen Zhang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.6

To study the refractory performance of the axial tensile welded hollow spherical joint, the steady-state test of heating under constant load was carried out on the joint specimens with different load levels. The failure modes, temperature field, displacement-time curves, and refractory performance of the spherical joints exposed to fire are investigated and analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the failure modes of the joints exposed to fire are pull-out failures. The failure location is at the intersection of the steel tube-hollow sphere. The lowest temperature is located at the intersection of the steel tube-hollow sphere. The closer you get to the equator of the hollow sphere, the higher the spherical temperature. The smaller the load level, the higher the refractory temperature and the longer the refractory limit of the joints. The correctness of the numerical model was verified by comparison with the experimental result. Numerical simulations show that with the increase of the load levels, the refractory performance of the joints gradually decreases, and the downward trend gradually slows down. Compared to the refractory temperature code-recommended, the refractory temperature of the tensile joints is very conservative.

A curvature method for beam-column with different materials and arbitrary cross-section shapes

Xiaobin Song 국제구조공학회 2012 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.43 No.2

This paper presents a curvature method for analysis of beam-columns with different materials and arbitrary cross-section shapes and subjected to combined biaxial moments and axial load. Both material and geometric nonlinearities (the p-delta effect in this case) were incorporated. The proposed method considers biaxial curvatures and uniform normal strains of discrete cross-sections of beamcolumns as basic unknowns, and seeks for a solution of the column deflection curve that satisfies force equilibrium conditions. A piecewise representation of the beam-column deflection curve is constructed based on the curvatures and angles of rotation of the segmented cross-sections. The resulting bending moments were evaluated based on the deformed column shape and the axial load. The moment curvature relationship and the beam-column deflection calculation are presented in matrix form and the Newton-Raphson method is employed to ensure fast and stable convergence. Comparison with results of analytic solutions and eccentric compression tests of wood beam-columns implies that this method is reliable and effective for beam-columns subjected to eccentric compression load, lateral bracings and complex boundary conditions.

Development of a TEM holder for electronic conductance measurement of suspended graphene nanoribbons

Xiaobin ZHANG,Shinya IWASHITA,Marek SCHMIDT,Manoharan MURUGANATHAN,Hiroshi MIZUTA,Yoshifumi OSHIMA 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

Risk Assessment of Power System Security based on a Hybrid Optimization GP Method

Xiaobin Wu,Hui Li,Xiaolu Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.12

In this paper, we propose a hybrid optimization algorithm based on Improved Differential Evolution (IDE) algorithm and Gaussian Process (GP). Firstly, the paper constructs the assessment index system using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) based on the summary and classification of the factors that could affect the power system security. Secondly, establish the risk assessment model of power system security based on the hybrid optimization GP algorithm. Hyper-parameter of GP has a great influence on construction of evaluation model, while conjugate gradient method which is usually used has strong dependence on initial values and is easy to fall into local optimal solution. So the paper uses the IDE algorithm for the traditional Hyper-parameter optimization, then the optimal Hyper-parameter is used to construct evaluation model for power grid security risk assessment. In the process of improvement, this paper adds the local search (Bees accelerated evolution operation) and global search (Bees scout operation) thought of ABC algorithm into the DE algorithm to reduce the population size required by the algorithm. After that, do the risk assessment of power system by using the established assessment model. Finally, do the simulation experiments using the standard data IEEE-39 and IEEE-118 bus example, and besides compare the IDE-GP with other optimization model like ABC-GP, DE-GP, MA-GP, GA-GP, and the experimental results show that hybrid optimization algorithm has better performance in accuracy while the time-consuming difference is minor. The validity of the proposed method is also demonstrated.

Heterogeneity of Microbial Community Structures inside the Up-flow Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Filters for the Treatment of Drinking Water

Xiaobin Liao,Chao Chen,Chih-Hsiang Chang,Zhao Wang,Xiaojian Zhang,Shuguang Xie 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.4

Filtration using biological activated carbon (BAC) performs well in the removal of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon from water sources. The application of ozonation followed by up-flow BAC filtration has gained increasing attention in the world scale. In this study, a pilotscale up-flow BAC filtration system was constructed for the treatment of polluted lake water. The operational results indicated that this BAC filtration system could effectively remove organic matter. Spatial heterogeneity of the microbial community structure inside the BAC filtration system was identified using bacterial 16S rRNA clone library analysis. A marked decrease of microbial diversity in the BAC filtration system was observed along the flow path. Alphaproteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria were found to be the major bacterial groups in the BAC filters. Moreover, Novosphingobium aromaticivorans-like microorganisms were detected. This work might add some new insights towards microbial communities in regards to BAC filtration for the treatment of drinking water.