Comparison of volatile organic compounds from uninfested and Monochamus alternatus Hope infested Pinus massoniana Lamb.

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.3

Monochamus alternatus is a destructive stem‐boring herbivore of Pinus massoniana, and the principal vector of pine wood nematode. To investigate the impacts of boring by M. alternatus larvae on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their host trees, the VOCs from uninfested and M. alternatus larvae infested P. massoniana trees were observed using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. We detected 12, 9, 18 and 14 volatile organic compounds from infested xylem, infested phloem, uninfested xylem and uninfested phloem, respectively. In P. massoniana xylem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced cyclosativene, and inhibited 4‐carene, humulene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene and γ‐terpinene. The relative amounts of camphene, copacamphene, longicyclene, longifolene, tricyclene and α‐longipinene were significantly increased, and the relative amounts of α‐pinene and β‐pinene were significantly decreased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. In P. massoniana phloem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced 2‐bornanone, copacamphene, longicyclene and α‐longipinene, and inhibited 2‐carene, 4‐carene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene and ο‐cymene. The relative amounts of camphene, caryophyllene and longifolene were significantly increased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. The results indicate that the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae changed both the sorts and contents of the VOCs from P. massoniana trees.

Identification of differentially expressed immunity‐related genes in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae parasitized by Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4

The pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest of several Pinus species, and the ectoparasitoid larvae of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important natural enemy of this pest. The transcriptome of M. alternatus larvae was sequenced using the Illumina platform and immunity‐related genes were specifically analyzed. De novo assembly resulted in the identification of 24 241 unigenes, with a mean length of 1122 bp, in unparasitized M. alternatus larvae and 23 807 unigenes, with a mean length of 1140 bp, for parasitized larvae. Removal of redundant unigenes resulted in 26 095 all‐unigenes, of which 16 959 (64.99%) showed clear homology with some of the known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nr database. Parasitization had notable effects on the transcriptome profile of M. alternatus larvae. In all, 2702 genes were differentially expressed in M. alternatus larvae after parasitization, with 1491 (55.18%) upregulated and 1211 (44.82%) downregulated. Moreover, expression levels of immunity‐related genes in M. alternatus larvae were markedly altered in response to parasitization by D. helophoroides. In conclusion, the transcriptome profiling data, especially the discovered of immunity‐related genes, help illustrate the molecular mechanisms of parasitism between D. helophoroides and M. alternatus and provide new insights into developing immunity regulation‐mediated control methods of M. alternatus.

Some Further Results on Weighted Sharing of Values for Meromorphic Functions Concerning a Result of Terglane

Li, Xiao-Min,Yi, Hong-Xun Department of Mathematics 2008 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.48 No.3

In this paper, we deal with the problem of meromorphic functions that have three weighted sharing values, and obtain some uniqueness theorems which improve those given by N. Terglane, Hong-Xun Yi & Xiao-Min Li, and others. Some examples are provided to show that the results in this paper are best possible.

Therapeutic Effect of Ginsenoside Rd in Rats with TNBS-Induced Recurrent Ulcerative Colitis

Xiao-Lai Yang,Yong-Jie Wu,Tian-Kang Guo,Yan-Hong Wang,Ming-Tang Gao,Hong Qin 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.7

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by oxidative and nitrosative stress and neutrophil infiltration. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rd (GRd) in rats with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced recurrent UC. After UC was twice-induced by intracolonic injection of TNBS, rats were intragastrically administered different doses of GRd per day for 7 days. The colonic lesions and inflammation were evaluated both histologically and biochemically. Compared with the TNBS group, GRd treatment facilitated recovery of pathologic changes in the colon after induction of recurrent UC, as evidenced by a significant reduction of colonic weight/length ratio and macroscopic and microscopic damage scores (p < 0.01). The myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities with malonyldialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in colonic tissues were significantly decreased in the GRd group compared with those in the TNBS group (p < 0.01). GRd treatment was associated with remarkably increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Results showed a valuable effect of GRd against TNBS-induced recurrent UC by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and promoting the antioxidant capacity of the damaged colonic tissue.

Clinical Study on Fluvoxamine Combined with Oxycodone Prolonged-Release Tablets in Treating Patients with Moderate to Severe Cancer Pain

Xiao, Yang,Liu, Jun,Huang, Xin-En,Ca, Li-Hua,Ma, Yi-Min,Wei, Wei,Zhang, Rong-Xia,Huang, Xiao-Hong,Chang, Juan,Wu, Yi-Jia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.23

Objective: To observe treatment effects and safety of fluvoxamine combined with oxycodone prolonged-release tablets in treating patients with moderate to severe cancer pain. Methods: Patients confirmed pathologically with cancer and complicated with moderate to severe pain, were divided into control and experimental groups. Oxycodone prolonged-release tablets, with or without fluvoxamine, were administrated to all study patients until pain relief. Degree of pain relief, dose of oxycodone prolonged-release tablets, side effects and quality of life were compared before and after treatment. Results: In total, 120 patients were recruited. No statistically significant difference was detected regarding age, gender, types of cancer, KPS between two groups of patients (P>0.05). Baseline pain score of patients with moderate pain in treatment and control group was $4.9{\pm}0.8$ and $5.1{\pm}0.8$, respectively; and decreased to $1.8{\pm}1.1$ and $1.2{\pm}1.1$ after treatment, respectively. Pain intensity was significantly reduced in the treatment group (P=0.028). Average daily consumption of oxycodone prolonged-release tablets was ($54.0{\pm}19.6$) mg and ($44.7{\pm}18.7$) mg respectively, which is lower in treatment grpup than in control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.065). Baseline pain score of patients with severe pain in treatment and control groups were $8.3{\pm}1.1$ and $8.3{\pm}1.1$, respectively; and pain intensity after treatment decreased to $2.9{\pm}1.0$ and $2.3{\pm}1.0$. Pain intensity was significantly reduced in the treatment group, with statistical significance (P=0.026). Average daily consumption of oxycodone prolonged-release tablets was ($132.0{\pm}42.2$) mg and ($110.7{\pm}33.9$) mg, respectively, which is lower in treatment group than in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.035). In terms of quality of life, patients in treatment group had better performance status, daily activity, mood, and sleep than that in control group (P < 0.05). Patients in two groups had similar side effects, eg., constipation, nausea/vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, itchy skin, dysuria, and ataxia. Lower incidence of nausea/vomiting, lethargy, was obtained from patients in treatment than in control group, while significant low constipation was observed in treatment than in control group (35.0% vs 49.2%, P=0.026). Conclusion: Fluvoxamine combined with oxycodone prolonged-release tablets could be more effective in treating patients with cancer pain, and could reduce the dosage of oxycodone prolonged-release tablets and thus be associated with lower side effects, and improved quality of life.

Atomization Characteristics of Gelled Hypergolic Propellant Simulants

Hong Xiao,Yang-Yang Shi,Zhe-Zhu Xu,김래성,Dong-Yang Li,류성기 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.16 No.4

Gelled propellants are attractive candidates due to their desirable physical and chemical properties which reduced hazardoussituations while providing significant flexibility over solid propellants. However, complications were raised by injection andatomization due to their non-Newtonian rheological and flow properties caused due to its high viscosity. In this paper, the simulationmethod and experimental system were proposed, and the atomized characteristics of gelled-hypergolic-propellant stimulants withimpinging jet injector were also investigated. The influence law was studied to investigating the injection angle and velocity. Theeffects of the generalized Reynolds number on the jet velocity are presented in a regime diagram. It was observed that spray patternswere depended on the jet exit velocity from the shadowgraph images. And then, it was found that the impingement angle and the jetvelocity play the important role in the near-field jet stream characteristics in this paper

The Long Emergence of a Modern Insurance Industry in China

( Xiao Hong Wu ),( Thomas M. Hout ),( Michael J. Enright ) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2005 Global economic review Vol.34 No.2

LETTER TO THE EDITOR : Successful Treatment of Hailey-Hailey Disease with Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy

( Xiao Xiao Yan ),( Hong Qing Tian ),( Chang Liang Wang ),( Bao Qi Yang ),( Wei Zhi Wu ),( Fu Ren Zhang ) 대한피부과학회 2015 Annals of Dermatology Vol.27 No.2

Optimization Scheme of Genetic Algorithm and Its Application on Aeroengine Fault Diagnosis

Hong Xiao,Zhe-Zhu Xu,김래성,Dong-Yang Li,류성기 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.16 No.4

An adaptive model is proposed based on genetic algorithm to predict the characteristic map of aeroengine components. The differencefunctions, of the primary performance parameters between numerical model and test data, are taken as objective function. Thecoupled factors of component characteristics' map as optimized parameters are considered.The difference of the main performanceparameters and process parameters between the adaptive model and the test data are shown to be within the range of0.05%.Meanwhile, the section's total temperature and pressure are controlled within 1%. Furthermore, an aerongine fault diagnosismodel is developed by the small deviation equation method in which the gas path analysis is implemented and the symptom andmeasuring parameters represent engine performance parameters' variation. It shows that the selection and relatively variable valueof symptom parameter have great effect on fault diagnosis error, and the best selection of value is 1/3 of threshold. The relative errorof variable value between the symptom parameter of fault diagnosis model and the real fault can be found to be controlled within5% and it can do the correct evaluation of fault type. And the fault diagnosis model has no misdiagnosis in all the performedconditions.

Quasi-Steady-State Scheme and Application on Prewhirl Flow and Heat Transfer in Aeroengine

Hong Xiao,Zhe-Zhu Xu,류성기 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.16 No.2

For solving three-dimensional complex unsteady flow to predict aerodynamic characteristics of turbine disc cavity in aeroengine, aquasi-steady-state scheme is proposed. To validate and get reliable turbulence model, three-dimensional numerical studies, of turbinedisc cavity prewhirl flow and heat transfer, are conducted. For comparison, unsteady state computational fluid dynamics simulationsof prewhirl flow are also performed. Five turbulence models, including standard k-å model, RNG k-å model, Realizable k-å model,SST k-ù model and RSM model, are applied both quasi-steady-state scheme and unsteady CFD. Then, reliable quasi-steady-statescheme is obtained and the feasibility, instead of unsteady-state CFD simulation for reducing time resource, is verified. Furthermore,investigations of prewhirl flow and heat transfer in turbine disc cavity of aeroengine are conducted by the proposed quasi-steady-statescheme. It was found that the rotation Reynolds number should be increased to strengthen the blade cooling and weaken the heattransfer in turbine disc cavity. All the results are applied in the design of aeroengine. Also, it proves that quasi-steady-state schemeis effective in the prediction of aerodynamic characteristics in aeroengine.