New method for rapidly estimating population densities of the concealed wood‐borer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the field

Xiao‐Yi Wang,Zhong-qi Yang,Chun-Nan SITU,Jian WANG,Fu-Yong FU 한국곤충학회 2016 Entomological Research Vol.46 No.2

To rapidly estimate pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, population densities in forests, the vertical distributions of M. alternatus oviposition sites and larvae on infested Masson pines (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) were studied. Results showed that the number of oviposition sites on sections of trunks between 0 and 2 m above ground was significantly greater than on sections of trunk above 2 m, and the vertical distribution had a significant logarithmic relationship with trunk height. The larval number of M. alternatus on dead infested trees had a significant difference among heights of trunks. Sections on trunks at 2–4 m usually contained the largest number of M. alternatus larvae, while the number of larvae on trunks above 10 m declined significantly, as well as in the 1 m section of trunk at the base. The vertical distribution of M. alternatus larvae on dead infested pines showed a distinct parabolic relationship with trunk height. The number of oviposition sites of M. alternatus on infested Masson pine trunks revealed a significant exponential relationship with the diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees. A significant positive linear relationship also was observed between M. alternatus larval number and DBH on the host pine trees, as well as between the numbers of larvae and oviposition sites on an individual tree. The total number of larvae in an infested tree could be calculated easily using an established equation, through counting the number of oviposition sites at 3–4 m of trunk aboveground. This study developed a practical method for rapid estimation of M. alternatus populations.

The effects of codon usage on the formation of secondary structures of nucleocapsid protein of peste des petits ruminants virus

Xiao‑xia Ma,Yi‑ning Wang,Xiao‑an Cao,Xue‑rui Li,Yong‑sheng Liu,Jian‑hua Zhou,Xue‑peng Cai 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.9

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) with a conserved amino acid usage pattern plays an important role in viral replication. The primary objective of this study was to estimate roles of synonymous codon usages of PPRV N gene and tRNA abundances of host in the formation of secondary structure of N protein. The potential effects of synonymous codon usages of N gene and tRNA abundances of host on shaping different folding units (α-helix, β-strand and the coil) in N protein were estimated, based on the information about the modeling secondary structure of PPRV N protein. The synonymous codon usage bias was found in different folding units in PPRV N protein. To better understand the role of translation speed caused by variant tRNA abundances in shaping the specific folding unit in N protein, we modeled the changing trends of tRNA abundance at the transition boundaries from one folding unit to another folding unit (β-strand → coil, coil → β-strand, α-helix → coil, coil → α-helix). The obvious fluctuations of tRNA abundance were identified at the two transition boundaries (β-strand → coil and coil → β-strand) in PPRV N protein. Our findings suggested that viral synonymous codon usage bias and cellular tRNA abundance variation might have potential effects on the formation of secondary structure of PPRV N protein.

北宋礼学思想发展的二重路径

肖永明,殷慧 한중인문학회 2008 한중인문학연구 Vol.25 No.-

정치, 경제, 문화 등의 영향으로 북송시대 유가사상은 명확하게 두 갈래 양상으로 나뉘어졌는데, 바로 이구(李覯), 왕안석(王安石) 등의 '주례(周禮)를 기본 정석으로 삼아 예학제도 확립을 추구하여 부국강병을 이루자라는 측면과 장재(張載), 二程(정호<程顥>와 정이<程頤>)으로 대표되는 理學(성리학)자들의 '禮에 대하여 도덕적 사색(形而上學의)을 함으로써 철학의 체계를 세우자'라는 측면이다. 공통적으로 이 두 갈래 견해는 모두 예의 중요성을 강조하고 있으며, 한편으로 '모든 것이 禮로 통 한다'라는 관점을 드러내고 있고, 다른 한편으로는 '禮는 곧 理이다'라는 사상을 잘 설명하고 있다. Under the influence of politics, economy and culture in the Northern Song, the thought on rite has two obvious branches. Based on the Rites of Zhou, Ligou and Wanganshi tended to establish the system on rite to strengthen the country; The other branch inclined to seek a way to view the thought on rite morally and construct it at the philosophical aspect, with three Neo-Confucianists-Zhangzai and Cheng brothers as the representatives. Both emphasized the importance of rite, one put forward the point view that "rite is the general form" while the other expressed the thought of "rite is the principle".

朱熹编撰 《仪礼经传通解》 的过程与挑战

殷慧(Yin Hui),肖永明 (Xiao Yong Ming) 새한철학회 2011 哲學論叢 Vol.64 No.2

주희의 <의례경전통해>편찬 과정과 그것이 직면한 도전에 대한 고증을 통해 주희 예학이 무학과 영가학의 영향을 받은 흔적을 발견 할 수 있으며, 또한 유가경전과 역사학에 의해 동화된 점도 발견할 수 있다. Through textual research of the process and challenge in the compilation of Zhu Xi's YiLiJingZhuanTongJie, it found that, assimilating the study of Confucian classics and historiography. Zhu Xi;s ritual study was influenced by the Wu-school and Yong-jia school.

Evaluation of the hydration heat and strength progress of cement–fly ash binary composite

Xiao-Yong Wang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2020 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.21 No.6

Fly ash is an industry by-product of thermal power factories that is broadly utilized in the concrete industry. This researchshows a framework for evaluating the hydration heat, reaction amount, and strength progress of cement–fly ash binarycomposite. First, we conducted an experiment to study the isothermal hydration heat of fly ash composite paste with assortedfly ash contents and temperatures. According to the experimental outcomes of cumulative hydration heat, the coefficients ofa kinetic reaction model of fly ash were determined. Furthermore, the reaction amount of fly ash was calculated using a flyash reaction model. We discovered that the reaction of fly ash is considerably improved at elevated temperatures. The reactionamount of fly ash decreases with the growing content of fly ash. Second, in line with the reaction amount of fly ash and cement,we developed a straight-line equation for evaluating the strength progress of binary composite. The strength progress modelapplies to a number of water-to-binder ratios and fly ash substitution ratios. Summarily, the suggested hydration–heat–strength model is helpful for understanding the material style of fly ash concrete.

Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice with Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Carrying MicroRNA-223-3p

Yong-Ping Chen,Feng-Bin Lu,Da-Zhi Chen,Lu Chen,En-De Hu,Jin-Lu Wu,Hui Li,Yue-Wen Gong,Zhuo Lin,Xiao-Dong Wang,Ji Li,Xiao-Ya Jin,Lan-Man Xu 한국분자세포생물학회 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12

MicroRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) is one of the potential microRNAs that have been shown to alleviate inflammatory responses in pre-clinical investigations and is highly encased in exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes). MSC-exosomes are able to function as carriers to deliver microRNAs into cells. Autoimmune hepatitis is one of the challenging liver diseases with no effective treatment other than steroid hormones. Here, we examined whether MSC-exosomes can transfer miR-223-3p to treat autoimmune hepatitis in an experimental model. We found that MSC-exosomes were successfully incorporated with miR-223-3p and delivered miR-223-3p into macrophages. Moreover, there was no toxic effect of exosomes on the macrophages. Furthermore, treatments of either exosomes or exosomes with miR-223-3p successfully attenuated inflammatory responses in the liver of autoimmune hepatitis and inflammatory cytokine release in both the liver and macrophages. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of miR-223-3p level and STAT3 expression in the liver and macrophages. These results suggest that MSC-exosomes can be used to deliver miR-223-3p for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis.

A Unified Authentication Scheme Based on Analytic Mechanism

Yong Xu,Yejuan Cheng,Chang Xiao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.1

To resolve security issues and management issues of different Certificate Authorities (CAs), this paper proposed a unified authentication scheme, which will make different Certificate Authorities (CAs) be uniformly authenticated. In addition, it showed the whole structure of the scheme, added an extensional registration number to certificates and designed unified authentication process for the scheme. The unified authentication process was modelled and simulated by Coloured Petri Net (CPN) Tools and verified by analyzing the state space of CPN model. In conclusion, this paper provides a unified authentication service and confirms that the proposed scheme is totally controllable, realizable and feasible. The suggested scheme can enhance the efficiency and security of authentication systems and achieve good results in practical applications.

ELECTRIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE OF MOLECULAR CONFORMATIONS OBSERVED BY USING SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY

XIAO JING MA,RUI ZHANG,YONG TAO SHEN,XIAO HUI QIU,YAN LIAN YANG,CHEN WANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.2

We review the progress in observation of electrically induced conformational changes of a range of single molecules and molecular assemblies using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Recent results using species with optical active functional groups and supramolecular structures confirmed the previously observed effects that the cholesterol molecules with soft linkers have the conformational bistability when switching the bias polarity, while no discernable changes were observed for the mesogen molecules, containing rigid linking units. In addition, it was also observed that the linker units could have appreciable impacts on the assembling characteristics.

Fast Transient Buck Converter Using a Hysteresis PWM Controller

Yong-Xiao Liu,Jin-Bin Zhao,Ke-Qing Qu 전력전자학회 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.6

In this paper, a fast transient buck converter using hysteresis PWM control is presented. The proposed control method is based on hysteresis control of the capacitor C voltage. This offers a faster transient response to meet the challenges of the power supply requirements for fast dynamic input and load changes. It also provides better stability and solves the compensation problem of the error amplifier in conversional voltage PWM control. Finally, the steady-state and dynamic operation of the proposed control method are analyzed and verified by simulation and experimental results.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Rice Collections Using SSR Markers

Xiao-Qiang Wang,Young-Sang Lee,Yong-Jin Park,Soon-Wook Kwon 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

Rice(Oryza sativa L.) feeds more than 50% of the world’s population and is one of the most important crops in the world. To evaluate the variation between different rice classfications, genetic diversity amoung a diverse set of rice collection including 59 breedlines, 23 landraces, 18 weedy rices and 35 introductions were analysed using 134 SSR markers located on the 12 chromosomes. In total, 1269 alleles were identified with an average of 9.47 per locus. Of the 1269 alleles, 460 (36.2%) were common, with a frequency of 0.05–0.5; 741 (58.4%) were rare (frequency < 0.05) and 68 (5.4%) were abundant (frequency > 0.5). A relatively high Polymophism information content (PIC) value was detected in landraces with smaller number of accessions than that of breedlines. Model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of six subpopulations, which was essentially consistent with the clustering based on genetic distance. One hundred and eight accessions (80.0%) showed a clear relation to each cluster based on their inferred ancestry value (>70%), while the remaining 27 accessions (15.4%) of which nine from landraces and fifteen from introductions were categorized as admixtures. Landrace and introductions distributed to almost all the six subpopulations whereas most of breedlines distributed to two distinct subpopulations. In conculusion, landraces in the present study showed critical importance in preservation of genetic diversity and rice breeding programs.