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Wu, Che-Yen 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2012 탈경계 인문학 Vol.5 No.1
This paper first tries to spell out the literary review of the game discourses by seminal figures like Johan Huizinga, Roger Caillois, and Hans-Georg Gadamer. Then, by introducing Ludwig Wittgenstein’s notion of ‘norm’ and ‘family resemblance,’ it is argued that the ethics of games today holds the key to the metaphysical prison of the traditional game. Next, the Massively-Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) WOW (World of Warcraft) is chosen in particular, as the text set in motion to exemplify the operation of game ethics in a postmodern age. Furthermore, Emmanuel Levinas’ concept of “Il y a” will be appropriated to beacon the way out of the intrinsic contradiction in this kind of postmodern MMORPG. “Il y a” is a state of ineluctable ‘presence of absence,’ an impersonal and anonymous ‘there is,’ which echoes the feature of anonymity in a MMORPG, where the game is still on, and the chosen character is still there even when a player takes a break, logging out and shutting down the computer. The player seems absent but in fact present, entering a state of ‘presence of absence,’ owing debt to the other players as inter-subjects. It is in this sense that the ethical responsibility is involved. For Levinas, real time exists only in synchronic intersubjectivity, which can emancipate the subject from self-identity through diachronic time in traditional games (readily reminiscent of Agamben’s implication of game as a time-accelerator). The immediacy of online games welcomes and allows any player to join in at any time, whereas the traditional games refuse the impromptu joining due to the limit of artificial time such as a round, a set, or an inning. Also, it is also this immediacy of online games that makes the instant negotiation and modification of rules possible, paralleling Wittgenstein’s ‘norm’ again.
WU Che-Yen 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2012 탈경계인문학 Vol.5 No.1
This paper first tries to spell out the literary review of the game discourses by seminal figures like Johan Huizinga, Roger Caillois, and Hans‐Georg Gadamer. Then, by introducing Ludwig Wittgenstein’s notion of ‘norm’ and ‘family resemblance,’ it is argued that the ethics of games today holds the key to the metaphysical prison of the traditional game. Next, the Massively‐Multiplayer Online Role‐Playing Game (MMORPG) WOW (World of Warcraft) is chosen in particular, as the text set in motion to exemplify the operation of game ethics in a postmodern age. Furthermore, Emmanuel Levinas’ concept of “Il y a” will be appropriated to beacon the way out of the intrinsic contradiction in this kind of postmodern MMORPG. “Il y a” is a state of ineluctable ‘presence of absence,’ an impersonal and anonymous ‘there is,’ which echoes the feature of anonymity in a MMORPG, where the game is still on, and the chosen character is still there even when a player takes a break, logging out and shutting down the computer. The player seems absent but in fact present, entering a state of ‘presence of absence,’ owing debt to the other players as inter‐subjects. It is in this sense that the ethical responsibility is involved. For Levinas, real time exists only in synchronic intersubjectivity, which can emancipate the subject from self‐identity through diachronic time in traditional games (readily reminiscent of Agamben’s implication of game as a time‐accelerator). The immediacy of online games welcomes and allows any player to join in at any time, whereas the traditional games refuse the impromptu joining due to the limit of artificial time such as a round, a set, or an inning. Also, it is also this immediacy of online games that makes the instant negotiation and modification of rules possible, paralleling Wittgenstein’s ‘norm’ again.
Wu, Yen-Chi,Lee, Kyu-Sun,Song, Yan,Gehrke, Stephan,Lu, Bingwei Public Library of Science 2017 PLoS genetics Vol.13 No.5
<▼1><P>Notch (N) signaling is central to the self-renewal of neural stem cells (NSCs) and other tissue stem cells. Its deregulation compromises tissue homeostasis and contributes to tumorigenesis and other diseases. How N regulates stem cell behavior in health and disease is not well understood. Here we show that N regulates <I>bantam</I> (<I>ban</I>) microRNA to impact cell growth, a process key to NSC maintenance and particularly relied upon by tumor-forming cancer stem cells. Notch signaling directly regulates <I>ban</I> expression at the transcriptional level, and <I>ban</I> in turn feedback regulates N activity through negative regulation of the Notch inhibitor Numb. This feedback regulatory mechanism helps maintain the robustness of N signaling activity and NSC fate. Moreover, we show that a Numb-Myc axis mediates the effects of <I>ban</I> on nucleolar and cellular growth independently or downstream of N. Our results highlight intricate transcriptional as well as translational control mechanisms and feedback regulation in the N signaling network, with important implications for NSC biology and cancer biology.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>Stem cells are functional units in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of tissues in multicellular organisms. Defects in stem cell regulation can compromise tissue homeostasis and result in proliferative or degenerative diseases. Our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating the <I>in vivo</I> behavior of stem cells is still incomplete. The <I>Drosophila</I> central nervous system neural stem cells called neuroblasts have offered an excellent model system for uncovering key mechanisms and player involved in stem cell regulation. Previous genetic studies have uncovered the evolutionarily conserved Numb-N signaling pathway that regulates the self-renewal vs. differentiation choices of the cell fates of NSCs during their asymmetric division. Our understanding of how Numb-N signaling regulates NSC fate is still rudimentary. Recent studies have implicated the involvement of microRNAs in stem cell regulation in both mammalian and <I>Drosophila</I> systems. But the molecular mechanism and logic of miRNA action remain to be delineated. In this study we show that the <I>bantam</I> microRNA is a direct transcriptional target of the N signaling pathway, and that <I>bantam</I> feedback regulates N by negatively regulating the expression of Numb, an inhibitor of N. This feedback regulation of N helps maintain the robustness of NSC fate. We further show that <I>bantam</I> also impinges on a Numb-Myc axis of cell growth regulation, apparently in a N-independent manner. Together, our results highlight the importance of both transcriptional and translational control mechanisms in NSC regulation by the N signaling network. These findings have important implication for our understanding of the basic biology of NSCs and the therapeutic intervention of N-induced cancers.</P></▼2>
THE EFFECT OF RESTAURANT INNOVATIVENESS ON CUSTOMER ADVOCACY
Chang-Hua Yen,Hui-Hsuan Yen,Shu-Chin Wu,Ko-Yu Chang 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07
This study supplements the literature by determining how restaurant innovativeness is linked to customer advocacy as well as considering self-image congruity as mediator of this relationship. A questionnaire survey of 385 restaurant customers was conducted in Taiwan. The results indicated that restaurant innovativeness is positively related to customers’ self-image congruity and customer advocacy. Customers’ self-image congruity is positively associated with customer advocacy. In addition, self-image congruity mediates the relationship between restaurant innovativeness and customer advocacy. The research contributes to literature by extend the relationships between restaurant innovativeness, self-image congruity, and customer advocacy. Restaurant managers should adopt approaches (e.g. innovativeness-related activities) for enhancing self-image congruity in customers.
THE EFFECT OF RESTAURANT INNOVATIVENESS ON CUSTOMER ADVOCACY
Chang-Hua Yen,Hui-Hsuan Yen,Shu-Chin Wu,Ko-Yu Chang 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07
This study supplements the literature by determining how restaurant innovativeness is linked to customer advocacy as well as considering self-image congruity as mediator of this relationship. A questionnaire survey of 385 restaurant customers was conducted in Taiwan. The results indicated that restaurant innovativeness is positively related to customers’ self-image congruity and customer advocacy. Customers’ self-image congruity is positively associated with customer advocacy. In addition, self-image congruity mediates the relationship between restaurant innovativeness and customer advocacy. The research contributes to literature by extend the relationships between restaurant innovativeness, self-image congruity, and customer advocacy. Restaurant managers should adopt approaches (e.g. innovativeness-related activities) for enhancing self-image congruity in customers.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Increases Peritonsillar Abscess Susceptibility: Real-World Evidence
Ching-Lung Wu,Ming-Shao Tsai,Ta-Jen Lee,Yun-Ting Wang,Chia-Yen Liu,Yao-Hsu Yang,Yao-Te Tsai,Cheng-Ming Hsu,Ching-Yuan Wu,Pey-Jium Chang,Geng-He Chang 대한이비인후과학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.14 No.3
Objectives. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for deep neck infection (DNI) and leads to complications and poor outcomes. Our study aimed to investigate the risk, prognosis, and complications of peritonsillar abscess (PTA) in patients with T2DM. Methods. We extracted data of patients newly diagnosed as having T2DM between January 2000 and December 2011 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. These patients were matched with patients without T2DM, and PTA incidence was compared between both cohorts. Results. In total, 67,852 patients with and 135,704 patients without T2DM were enrolled. PTA incidence was significantly higher in patients with T2DM (incidence rate ratio, 1.91; P<0.001); moreover, PTA incidence was higher at 1 to 5 years after T2DM diagnosis than at <1 and >5 years after T2DM diagnosis. Cox regression analysis showed that patients with T2DM had an approximately 2-fold higher PTA risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.89, P<0.001). Patients with a higher adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) had higher PTA risk than those with a lower aDCSI (aHRs: 2.17 for aDCSI ≥1, P=0.006 and 1.81 for aDCSI=0, P=0.002). T2DM patients with a high aDCSI (≥1) had a nonsignificantly longer hospitalization duration and a higher rate of DNI complications than did those with a low aDCSI (=0). Conclusion. In patients with T2DM, PTA incidence was relatively high, and it increased with T2DM severity. Moreover, T2DM patients should be particularly careful about PTA within 1 to 5 years after the diagnosis, and physicians should keep in mind that the prognosis of PTA was correlated with T2DM severity.
Wu, Ying,Gao, He,Li, Huaixing,Tabara, Yasuharu,Nakatochi, Masahiro,Chiu, Yen-Feng,Park, Eun Jung,Wen, Wanqing,Adair, Linda S.,Borja, Judith B.,Cai, Qiuyin,Chang, Yi-Cheng,Chen, Peng,Croteau-Chonka, Da Oxford University Press 2014 Human Molecular Genetics Vol.23 No.4
<P>Blood levels of adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein correlated with metabolic and cardiovascular risks, are highly heritable. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies for adiponectin levels have identified 14 loci harboring variants associated with blood levels of adiponectin. To identify novel adiponectin-associated loci, particularly those of importance in East Asians, we conducted a meta-analysis of GWA studies for adiponectin in 7827 individuals, followed by two stages of replications in 4298 and 5954 additional individuals. We identified a novel adiponectin-associated locus on chromosome 10 near <I>WDR11-FGFR2</I> (<I>P</I> = 3.0 × 10<SUP>−14</SUP>) and provided suggestive evidence for a locus on chromosome 12 near <I>OR8S1-LALBA</I> (<I>P</I> = 1.2 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP>). Of the adiponectin-associated loci previously described, we confirmed the association at <I>CDH13</I> (<I>P</I> = 6.8 × 10<SUP>−165</SUP>), <I>ADIPOQ</I> (<I>P</I> = 1.8 × 10<SUP>−22</SUP>), <I>PEPD</I> (<I>P</I> = 3.6 × 10<SUP>−12</SUP>), <I>CMIP</I> (<I>P</I> = 2.1 × 10<SUP>−10</SUP>), <I>ZNF664</I> (<I>P</I> = 2.3 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP>) and <I>GPR109A</I> (<I>P</I> = 7.4 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>). Conditional analysis at <I>ADIPOQ</I> revealed a second signal with suggestive evidence of association only after conditioning on the lead SNP (<I>P</I><SUB>initial</SUB> = 0.020; <I>P</I><SUB>conditional</SUB> = 7.0 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP>). We further confirmed the independence of two pairs of closely located loci (<2 Mb) on chromosome 16 at <I>CMIP</I> and <I>CDH13</I>, and on chromosome 12 at <I>GPR109A</I> and <I>ZNF664</I>. In addition, the newly identified signal near <I>WDR11-FGFR2</I> exhibited evidence of association with triglycerides (<I>P</I> = 3.3 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, <I>P</I> = 4.9 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>) and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted waist–hip ratio (<I>P</I> = 9.8 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>). These findings improve our knowledge of the genetic basis of adiponectin variation, demonstrate the shared allelic architecture for adiponectin with lipids and central obesity and motivate further studies of underlying mechanisms.</P>
Wu, Jong-Cheng,Wang, Yen-Po,Chen, Yi-Hsuan Techno-Press 2012 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.9 No.2
In the first part of the paper, the optimal design parameters for tuned liquid column dampers (TLCD) in harmonic pitching motion were investigated. The configurations in design tables include uniform and non-uniform TLCDs with cross-sectional ratios of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2 and 3 for the design in different situations. A closed-form solution of the structural response was used for performing numerical optimization. The results from optimization indicate that the optimal structural response always occurs when the two resonant peaks along the frequency axis are equal. The optimal frequency tuning ratio, optimal head loss coefficient, the corresponding response and other useful quantities are constructed in design tables as a guideline for practitioners. As the value of the head loss coefficient is only available through experiments, in the second part of the paper, the prediction of head loss coefficients in the form of a design chart are proposed based on a series of large scale tests in pitching base motions, aiming to ease the predicament of lacking the information of head loss for those who wishes to make designs without going through experimentation. A large extent of TLCDs with cross-sectional ratios of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2 and 3 and orifice blocking ratios ranging from 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% to 80% were inspected by means of a closed-form solution under harmonic base motion for identification. For the convenience of practical use, the corresponding empirical formulas for predicting head loss coefficients of TLCDs in relation to the cross-sectional ratio and the orifice blocking ratio were also proposed. For supplemental information to horizontal base motion, the relation of head loss values versus blocking ratios and the corresponding empirical formulas were also presented in the end.