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3,600 m3/h 의 하수처리수 탈질을 위한 유동상 생물여과
Kramer, J . P .,Wouters, J . W .,Noordink, M . P . M .,Molenkamp, H . W .,Anink, D . M . E .,Janus, J . M . 한국수처리기술연구회 2000 한국수처리학회지 Vol.8 No.3
STP De Groote Lucht in the Netherlands had to he upgraded in order to meet the tightened criterion for total nitrogen (10㎎/ℓ N as yearly average). ASTRASAND moving bed biofiltration, is introduced for post-denitrification. Pilot plant tests were executed in 1996 and it was found that in order to achieve good filter performance with the specific process conditions, an adequate process control system was required. This filter control ensured removal efficiencies of > 95% with influent concentrations up to 30 ㎎/l NO₃-N and strongly fluctuating influent flows. The full scale denitrification installation with a capacity of 3,600㎥/h, the first full scale installation of this type used for biological denitrification in Europe, was built in 1998 and started up in 1999. Since the start up, the filter performance is good and the nitrate removal efficiencies are higher than required.
Congenital Neosporosis in Goats from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Mary S. Varaschin,Christian Hirsch,Flademir Wouters,Karen Y. Nakagaki,Antonio M. Guimaraes,Domingos S. Santos,Pedro S. Bezerra Jr,Rafael C. Costa,Ana P. Peconick,Ingeborg M. Langohr 대한기생충학열대의학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.50 No.1
Wang, Yue,Kang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Minjae,Lee, Hong-Sub,Waser, Rainer,Wouters, Dirk,Dittmann, Regina,Yang, J. Joshua,Park, Hyung-Ho Elsevier 2019 Materials today Vol.28 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Resistance random-access memory (RRAM) is a promising candidate for both the next-generation non-volatile memory and the key element of neural networks. In this article, different types of Mott-transition (the transition between the Mott insulator and metallic states) mechanisms and Mott-transition-based RRAM are reviewed. Mott insulators and some related doped systems can undergo an insulator-to-metal transition or metal-to-insulator transition under various excitation methods, such as pressure, temperature, and voltage. A summary of these driving forces that induce Mott-transition is presented together with their specific transition mechanisms for different materials. This is followed by a dynamics study of oxygen vacancy migration in voltage-driven non-volatile Mott-transition and the related resistive switching performance. We distinguish between a filling-controlled Mott-transition, which corresponds to the conventional valence change memory effect in band-insulators, and a bandwidth-controlled Mott-transition, which is due to a change in the bandwidth in the Mott system. Last, different types of Mott-RRAM-based neural network concepts are also discussed. The results in this review provide guidelines for the understanding, and further study and design of Mott-transition-based RRAM materials and their correlated devices.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Zhang, Hehe,Yoo, Sijung,Menzel, Stephan,Funck, Carsten,Cü,ppers, Felix,Wouters, Dirk J.,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Waser, Rainer,Hoffmann-Eifert, Susanne American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.35
<P>Redox-type resistive random access memories based on transition-metal oxides are studied as adjustable two-terminal devices for integrated network applications beyond von Neumann computing. The prevailing, so-called, counter-eight-wise (c8w) polarity of the switching hysteresis in filamentary-type valence change mechanism devices originates from a temperature- and field-controlled drift-diffusion process of mobile ions, predominantly oxygen vacancies in the switching oxide. Recently, a bipolar resistive switching (BRS) process with opposite polarity, so-called, eight-wise (8w) switching, has been reported that, especially for TiO<SUB>2</SUB> cells, is still not completely understood. Here, we report on nanosized (<0.01 μm<SUP>2</SUP>) asymmetric memristive cells from 3 to 6 nm thick TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films by atomic layer deposition, which reveal a coexistence of c8w and 8w switching in the same cell. As important characteristics for the studied Pt/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Ti/Pt devices, the resistance states of both modes are nonvolatile and share one common state; i.e., the high-resistance state of the c8w mode equals the low-resistance state of the 8w-mode. A transition between the opposite hysteresis loops is possible by voltage control. Specifically, 8w BRS in the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> cells is a self-limited low-energy nonvolatile switching process. Additionally, the 8w reset process enables the programming of multilevel high-resistance states. Combining the experimental results with data from simulation studies allows to propose a model, which explains 8w BRS by an oxygen transfer process across the Pt/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> Schottky interface at the position of the c8w filament. Therefore, the coexistence of c8w and 8w BRS in the nanoscale asymmetric Pt/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Ti/Pt cells is understood from a competition between drift/diffusion of oxygen vacancies in the oxide layer and an oxygen exchange reaction across the Pt/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> interface.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
J. L. Ullmann,A. J. Couture,A. L. Keksis,D. J. Vieira,,J. M. ODonnell,J. M. Wouters,M. Jandel,R. C. Haight,R. S. Rundberg,T. A. Bredeweg,T. Kawano,C. Y. Wu,J. A. Becker,A. Chyzh,B. Baramsai,G. E. Mitc 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
A careful new measurement of the ^(238)U(n,γ) cross section from 10 eV to 100 keV has been made using the DANCE detector at LANSCE. DANCE is a 4π calorimetric scintillator array consisting of 160 BaF^2 crystals. Measurements were made on a 48 mg/cm^2 depleted uranium target. The cross sections are in general in good agreement with previous measurements. The gamma-ray emission spectra, as a function of gamma multiplicity, were also measured and compared to model calculations.
Anti-Inflammatory and Cicatrizing Activities of a Carbohydrate Fraction Isolated from Sugary Kefir
M.E.C. Moreira,M.H. Dos Santos,G.P.P. Zolini,A.T.B. Wouters,J.C.T. Carvalho,J.M. Schneedorf 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.2
Kefir is an association of microrganisms generally grown in milk, with known probiotic activities identifiedfrom its soured suspensions. Aqueous media are also able to grow kefir, but little is known about the probiotic properties ofits fermented products. This work aimed to evaluate some probiotic properties of a carbohydrate fraction isolated from sug-ary kefir (sugary kefir carbohydrate [SKC]). Anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated fraction of carbohydrate was testedboth in vitro(cellular respirometry and macrophage culture) and in vivo (50% effective dose, rat paw edema, vascular per-meability, and cicatrizing test). The results indicated no significant difference for oxygen uptake or macrophage culture be-tween control and test groups. Rat paw edema, however, showed a significant inhibitory activity by 30. 4% and 54 . 8%(P. .001) for carrageenan and dextran, respectively. In the cicatrizing test, animals treated with SKC cream also presentedless trauma after treatments as compared to the negative control group (P. .05). The overall data suggested the SKC as anatural product that could be used as a constituent of an anti-inflammatory compound.
MOA-2010-BLG-073L: AN M-DWARF WITH A SUBSTELLAR COMPANION AT THE PLANET/BROWN DWARF BOUNDARY
Street, R. A.,Choi, J.-Y.,Tsapras, Y.,Han, C.,Furusawa, K.,Hundertmark, M.,Gould, A.,Sumi, T.,Bond, I. A.,Wouters, D.,Zellem, R.,Udalski, A.,Snodgrass, C.,Horne, K.,Dominik, M.,Browne, P.,Kains, N.,Br IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.763 No.1
<P>We present an analysis of the anomalous microlensing event, MOA-2010-BLG-073, announced by the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics survey on 2010 March 18. This event was remarkable because the source was previously known to be photometrically variable. Analyzing the pre-event source light curve, we demonstrate that it is an irregular variable over timescales >200 days. Its dereddened color, (V - I)(S),(0), is 1.221 +/- 0.051 mag, and from our lens model we derive a source radius of 14.7 +/- 1.3 R-circle dot, suggesting that it is a red giant star. We initially explored a number of purely microlensing models for the event but found a residual gradient in the data taken prior to and after the event. This is likely to be due to the variability of the source rather than part of the lensing event, so we incorporated a slope parameter in our model in order to derive the true parameters of the lensing system. We find that the lensing system has a mass ratio of q = 0.0654 +/- 0.0006. The Einstein crossing time of the event, t(E) = 44.3 +/- 0.1 days, was sufficiently long that the light curve exhibited parallax effects. In addition, the source trajectory relative to the large caustic structure allowed the orbital motion of the lens system to be detected. Combining the parallax with the Einstein radius, we were able to derive the distance to the lens, D-L = 2.8 +/- 0.4 kpc, and the masses of the lensing objects. The primary of the lens is an M-dwarf with M-L,M-1 = 0.16 +/- 0.03 M-circle dot, while the companion has M-L,M-2 = 11.0 +/- 2.0 M-J, putting it in the boundary zone between planets and brown dwarfs.</P>
Epizootic Infection by Trypanosoma vivax in Cattle from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Matheus de Oliveira Reis,Fernanda Rezende Souza,Adriana Silva Albuquerque,Fernanda Monteiro,Luan Francisco dos Santos Oliveira,Djeison Lutier Raymundo,Flademir Wouters,Angélica Terezinha Barth Wouter 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.57 No.2
Trypanosomiasis is caused by a pathogenic protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma, being Trypanosoma vivax the most important agent for cattle. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the expansion of T. vivax infection in different mesoregions of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and describe the clinicopathological findings of trypanosomiasis in cattle. The diagnosis was based on visualization of the parasite in blood smears and DNA detection of T. vivax in the blood of live cows and tissues of necropsied animals by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty suspected herds were tested, of which 11 were positive for T. vivax. The most frequent clinical signs were anemia, apathy, drop in milk production, weight loss, reproductive disorders, and nervous signs. Concomitant diseases, such as malignant edema, pneumonia and increased cases of mastitis were associated with T. vivax infection. Three cows were necropsied and the most significant findings were low body condition score, pale mucous and spleen with white pulp hyperplasia. The results demonstrated the expansion of T. vivax infection in Minas Gerais, that PCR-associated blood smears are promising for diagnosis, and that other diseases often occur concomitantly to T. vivax infection in regions with trypanosomiasis in cattle.
Pathological fracture induced by Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in a horse limb
Ticiana Meireles Sousa,Hugo Shisei Toma,Antonio de Pádua Lima,Antonio Carlos Cunha Lacreta Junior,Maira Meira Nunes,Ana Paula Cassiano da Silva,Daniel Wouters,Adriana Silva Albuquerque,Mary Suzan Vara 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2024 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.62 No.1
Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living nematode that occasionally causes infections inhorses. We report a rare case of limb fracture of horse caused by infection with H. gingivalis. An 8-year-old mare was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Universityof Lavras with claudication grade 5 of the right hind limb, that had been started 3months ago. The patient had aseptic arthritis in the tarsal joint and edema that extendedto the quartile. The radiographic examination showed punctate osteolysis with exacerbation of bone trabeculation along the calcaneus, talus, proximal epiphysis of the thirdmetatarsal and distal epiphysis of the tibia. Treatment for arthritis was initiated, and theanimal showed a slight improvement in limb function. However, 21 days after hospitalization, due to a comminuted fracture of the tibia, it was euthanized. At necropsy, yellowish masses were found from the metatarsal to the tibia, and around the tarsal bonesand joint. Similar masses were also found in the left kidney. Numerous nematodes compatible with H. gingivalis were identified. This is the first description of a pathologicalfracture caused by H. gingivalis infection in an equine limb.
Wouter De Corte,Philippe Van Bogaert 국제구조공학회 2007 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.7 No.1
Additional cutouts in the floorbeam webs of orthotropic plated bridge decks relieve the highly stressed lower flange of the ribs passing through these floorbeam webs from possible fatigue damage. Conversely, the floorbeam webs themselves suffer from high stress concentrations, especially along the free edges of the additional cutouts. These stresses result from a combination of direct introduction of vertical traffic loads in the weakened web and from the truss action of the floorbeam. The latter differs from a simple beam action due to the presence of the openings and corresponds more to the behaviour of a Vierendeel truss. Close assessment of the appearing stresses, highly relevant for fatigue resistance, requires the use of elaborate finite element modelling. However, a full finite element analysis merely provides the results of total stresses, leaving the researcher or designer the difficult task of finding the origin of these stress components. This paper presents a calculation method for cutout stresses based on a combination of a framework analysis and a two dimensional finite element analysis of much smaller parts of the floorbeam. This method provides more insight in the origin of the stress components, as well as it simplifies any comparison of different additional cutout geometries, independent of the floorbeam topology.