경영관리상 中間管理層의 役割에 關한 硏究 : 部·課長을 中心으로 With Special Reference to the Department Manager and the Head of Section

楊雲燮 群山大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

In this essay, the writer has dealt with the theme “A study on the role of middle-management in the business management". He emphasizes that the managerial function of middle-management in the business is becoming more and more important in these industrial society, because they are the specialists who have to perform their well-skilled and well-trained functions. However good total plan and policy may be made by the Top-management, it is clear that the results will be in vain, if the middle-management cannot actualize them or cannot control, direct and coordinate the supervisors of the organization. So that, he maintains that the work(role) of department manager and the head of section must be specified and a new institution should be planned for train them in cooperation government and enterprises. The writer tried to study as the followings. In the Second Chapter, he defined the scope of middle-management. In the third Chapter, he studied the competence and leadership styles of them. In the fourth Chapter, he studied the problems of delegation of authority and departmentation. In the fifth Chapter, he studied the role of middle-management. In the sixth Chapter, he studied the training system for the managers.

뇌파의 비선형적 분석을 위한 Tool 개발

최윤정,한운섭,최경규 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구는 비선형 동역학 이론을 이용하여 뇌파를 시공간적으로 분석해 내고 이를 지능형 시스템에 도입함으로써 새로운 진단시스템을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법: 최대 64 채널가지의 모든 뇌파에 대해 적용이 가능한 시스템을 구성하여 가장 기본적인 형태의 뇌파 샘플을 적용, 측정된 뇌파를 불러오고 전처리 과정을 통해 신호를 분석에 용이하게 가공하고 분석법의 특성에 따라 알맞은 분석법을 선택하여 분석하고 분석된 데이터는 후처리과정을 통해 그 패턴을 분류하는 단계의 프로그램을 만들고 비선형 동역학 이론을 이용하여 단계별 프로그램을 구성하였다. 결과: 컴퓨터 시스템에 사용하는 프로그램을 다음과 같은 다양한 요소로 구성하였다. 신호 발생부에는 Lorenz sys-tem과 Rossler system을 포함하였다. 신호 전처리 부에는 정량화, 밴드 패스 필터링, 잡음 추가, 미분, sutto-gating 과정을 포함하였다. 신호 분석 부에는 스펙트럼분석, 위상공간 분석, 상관 분석, 모드 분석을 포함하였다. 신호 후처리 부에는 setting layer, Learning procce-ssing and Making weight file, Classifier start with Test file을 포함하였다. 부가기능으로서 Copy&paste, Print, Save 기능을 포함하였고 운영 환경은 Windows 95/98/2000 또는 Windows NT를 사용하고 데이터 형식은 뇌파 채널 최대 64채널까지 가능(Neural Network Processing의 경우 8채널) 하며 아스키 파일로 열(co-lumn)의 수는 채널을 의미하고 행(row)은 샘플링되어 저장된 데이터를 의미하는 것으로 하였다. 결론: 뇌에서 발생하는 전기학적 신호를 실시간으로 손쉽게 분석하여 실제 진단에 이용할 수 있는 기본적인 컴퓨터 프로그램을 개발하였으며 이를 토대로 더욱 정교하고 객관적인 뇌파 분석 결과를 얻을 수 있는 상용 프로그램의 개발에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. Objectives : EEG is a record of electronic signals of brain. If there are effective methods for analysis of EEG signal it can be used as a diagnostic tool for diseases related to brain function. We developed a new a basic computer program which was designed to analysis of pattern of EEG. For nalysis of pattern, EEG signal was processed by variable experimental analytical methods and grouped by common pattern. Results : Program was composed of multiple systems. Signal generating system was composed of Lorenz signal generation and Rossler signal generation parts. EEG processing system was com-posed of Normalization, Band pass filtering, First Second difference, Add random noise and Sur-rogate making parts. EEG analyses system was composed of Spectral analyses, Phase space analyses, Correlation analyses and Mode analyses parts. Pattern recognition and grouping system was com-posed of data format, Power spectrum, Neural network process and Classification parts. Conclusion : We developed a basic computer program for systemic analysis of EEG by Nonlinear analysis methods.

Antifungal Activity of Streptomyces pad anus isolate TH04 against Monilinia fructicola, Brown rot Fungus on Stone-fruits

임태헌,최용화,이동운,한상섭,차병진,Lim, Tae-Heon,Choi, Yong-Hwa,Lee, Dong-Woon,Han, Sang-Sub,Cha, Byeong-Jin The Korean Society of Pesticide Science 2008 농약과학회지 Vol.12 No.3

복숭아 미이라 과일로부터 복숭아 잿빛무늬병 Monilinia fructicola에 대하여 강한 항균활성을 보이는 방선균 Streptomyces padanus TH04를 분리하였다. TH04 균주의 배양 추출물 1%를 함유한 배지에서의 균사생육 및 포자발아는 시험한 M. fructicola의 strain에 따라 각각 $79.8{\sim}81%$와 $73.9{\sim}75.8%$ 억제되었다. 병원균과 TH04 균주 초기접종 밀도를 0.01%, 0.1% 및 1%로 달리하여 동시배양 한 결과, 항균활성은 선발 방선균의 밀도에 따라 $7.5%{\sim}94%$로 나타났다. 사과(품종; 후지)를 이용한 조추출물의 항균활성은 0.1% 처리구 85.9%, 1%처리구 100%로 나타났다. 항균활성 물질 생산, 안정성 및 제형화에 관한 연구가 이루어질 경우 선발한 Streptomyces padanus TH04는 생물학적 방제제로의 개발 가능성 있을 것으로 생각된다. The Streptomyces padanus isolate TH04, isolated from mummified peaches, showed strong antifungal activity to Monilinia fructicola. The inhibition activity of the isolate TH04 to mycelial growth and spore germination at 1% concentration of sub-antifungal powder made from culture suspension (CS) was ranged from 79.8% to 81.0% and from 73.9% to 75.8% to M. fructicola four strains, respectively. In the test of antifungal activity in mixed culture of the isolate and M. fructicola, inhibition rate was 7.5%, 86.8% and 94.0% in 0.01, 0.1, and 1% concentration of CS containing bacterial cell of the isolate, respectively. On apples (cultivar; Fuji), the control values of the isolate TH04 crude filtrates (0.1 and 1%) were 85.9% and 100%, respectively. The results suggest that the isolate TH04 indicate development possibility as biocontrol agent of brown rot caused by M. fructicola with the study on delivery method and fermentation condition to produce an antifungal compound.

전자빔 증착법으로 제조된 박막 태양전지용 CuGaS₂ 박막의 특성

정운조 ( Woon-jo Jeong ),문인섭 ( In-seob Moon ),조순계 ( Soon-kye Cho ),김민기 ( Min-ki Kim ),김운섭 ( Woon-sub Kim ),부수일 ( Su-il Boo ),안호근 ( Ho-geun Ahn ),양현훈 ( Hyeon-hun Yang ),박계춘 ( Gye-choon Park ) 한국환경기술학회 2008 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.9 No.2

전자빔 증착법에 의해 70℃의 기판온도와 350℃에서 60분 동안 열처리한 경우 단상의 CuGaS₂ 박막이 얻어졌으며, 이때의 XRD 회절 피크는 회절각 28.8°에서 (112)방향으로 가장 강한 피크가 나타났고, 두 번째로 강한 피크는 회절각 49.1°에서 (204)방향을 나타났다. 또한 CuGaS₂ 박막의 격자상수 a와 c는 각각 5.37Å과 10.54Å이었다. 그리고 CuGaS₂ 박막의 그레인 사이즈는 최대 1μm 정도였다. 또한 황이 과잉 공급된 CuGaS₂ 박막의 (112) 피크가 황이 추가로 공급되지 않은 경우에 비해 약 10% 정도 더 강하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 이와 같은 제조된 CuGaS₂ 박막의전기저항률, 홀 이동도 및 캐리어 농도는 각각 1.4Ω-cm, 15㎠/V·sec and 2.9×10¹⁷cm^-3이었다. 본 연구에서 CuGaS₂ 박막의 저항률은 홀 이동도보다 캐리어 농도에 더 지배적임을 알 수 있었고, 상기와 같이 제조된 CuGaS₂ 박막은 모두 p-type 반도체 특성을 나타냈다. By EBE(Electron Beam Evaporation) method, Single phase CuGaS₂ thin film with the highest diffraction peak of (112) at diffraction angle(2θ) of 28.8˚ was made at substrate temperature of 70℃, annealing temperature of 350℃ and annealing time of 60min. And second highest (204) peak was shown at diffraction angle of (2θ) of 49.1˚. Lattice constant of a and c of that CuGaS₂ thin film was 5.37Å and 10.54Å respectively. The greatest grain size of the thin film was about 1㎛. The (112) peak of single phase of CuGaS₂ thin film at annealing temperature of 350℃ with excess S supply was appeared with a little higher about 10% than that of no excess S supply. And the resistivity, Hall mobility and carrier concentration at room temperature of p-type CuGaS₂ thin film was 1.4Ω-cm, 15㎠/V·sec and 2.9×10¹⁷cm^-3 respectively. It was known that carrier concentration had considerable effect than mobility on variety of resistivity of the fabricated CuGaS₂ thin film, and the polycrystalline CuGaS₂ thin films were made at these conditions were all p-type.

Porous Zn₂GeO₄ nanowires with uniform carbon-buffer layer for lithium-ion battery anodes with long cycle life

Kim, Jung Sub,Kim, A-Young,Byeon, Young Woon,Ahn, Jae Pyoung,Byun, Dongjin,Lee, Joong Kee Elsevier 2016 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.195 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Germanium-based multimetallic-oxide materials have attracted significant attention as high-capacity anodes for next generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, they suffer from poor cyclic stability due to extreme volume expansion and reduced electrical conductivity after repeated cycles. To circumvent these issues, we propose that Ge-based multimetallic-oxide nanowires can be synthesized with electrically conductive carbon to significantly enhance the cyclic stability of the Ge-based anodes. We prepare conformal-carbon-coated Zn<SUB>2</SUB>GeO<SUB>4</SUB> nanowires (NWs) using a microwave-induced hydrothermal method with subsequent thermal decomposition. The obtained carbon-coated Zn<SUB>2</SUB>GeO<SUB>4</SUB>-NW anode exhibits a discharge capacity of 485 mAh/g and a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.4% after 900 cycles at 0.6C. Furthermore, these anodes exhibit outstanding rate-capability characteristics, even with an increased C-rate of 17.7C. This excellent electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the improved electron and ion transport provided and the structurally reinforced conductive layer comprising a conformal carbon layer. Therefore, it is expected that our approach can also be applied to other multimetallic-oxide materials, resulting in large, reversible capacities; excellent cyclic stabilities; and good rate capabilities for high-performance LIBs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Carbon coated Zn<SUB>2</SUB>GeO<SUB>4</SUB> nanowires were synthesized using microwave hydrothermal method. </LI> <LI> The obtained electrode exhibits outstanding rate-capability and cycling stability. </LI> <LI> Uniform carbon layer plays an important role in minimizing the volume change. </LI> <LI> In situ SEM images show reduced volume change in lateral and longitudinal direction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the improved electron and ion transport provided and the structurally reinforced conductive carbon layer.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid over Ce<SUB>(1-x)</SUB>Zr<SUB>(x)</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> solid solution

Jae-Oh Shim,Dae-Woon Jeong,Won-Jun Jang,Kyung-Won Jeon,Won-Bi Han,Hyun-Suk Na,Hak-Min Kim,Hyun-Seog Roh,Jeong-Geol Na,You-Kwan Oh,Chang Hyun Ko,Sang Sub Han 한국신재생에너지학회 2013 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.05

The Influence of Epidural Analgesia on the Progress of Labor and Cesarean Delivery Rates

서운희 ( Woon Hee Sub ),( Hyung Min Choi ),( Seong Hoon Hong ),( Eung Soo Lee ),( Jung Won Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2002 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.88 No.-

방사능 계측법에 의한 티탄산 바륨의 특성화 연구(Ⅱ) 란탄 혼입형 티틴산 바륨의 특성화

김운섭(Woon Sub Kim),신용균(Yong Kyun Shin),김승원(Seungwon Kim),이철(Chul Lee),이종두(Jong Du Lee) 한국분석과학회 1989 분석과학 Vol.2 No.2

Direct observation of pseudocapacitive sodium storage behavior in molybdenum dioxide anodes

Kim, Hyunchul,Son, Suhan,Choi, Woon Ih,Park, Gwi Ok,Kim, Yunok,Kim, Hyunwoo,Jeong, Mihee,Lee, Hyo Sug,Kim, Ji Man,Yoon, Won-Sub Elsevier 2018 Journal of Power Sources Vol.397 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Compared to research progress on cathode materials, progress on anode materials for sodium rechargeable batteries has been relatively slow. To bring sodium rechargeable batteries to a next level, it is necessary to explore feasible anode materials as well as understand clearly the reaction mechanism during electrochemical cycling. We herein introduce mesoporous and bulk molybdenum dioxide materials, which show excellent sodium storage performances under ether based electrolyte conditions, as anodes for sodium rechargeable batteries. Moreover, the pseudocapacitive sodium storage behavior in molybdenum dioxide anodes is proposed based on a quantitative analysis of the cyclic voltammetry responses. This result is systematically corroborated by using synchrotron radiation based analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscope and <I>ab initio</I> molecular dynamics simulation. Comprehensive information on the electrochemical characterization as well as sodium storage mechanism of this transition metal oxide will provide a practical strategy to further advance anode materials for sodium rechargeable batteries.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Introducing mesoporous and bulk MoO<SUB>2</SUB> anodes for sodium ion batteries. </LI> <LI> Excellent electrochemical performances using DME electrolyte. </LI> <LI> Pseudocapacitive sodium storage behavior is proposed based on CV measurements. </LI> <LI> Systematic validation by diverse structural analysis tools along with simulation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Optimization of Herbicidin A Production in Submerged Culture of Streptomyces scopuliridis M40

( Sanghyun Ha ),( Keon Jin Lee ),( Sang Il Lee ),( Hyun Jung Gwak ),( Jong-hee Lee ),( Tae-woon Kim ),( Hak-jong Choi ),( Ja-young Jang ),( Jung-sub Choi ),( Chang-jin Kim ),( Jin-cheol Kim ),( Hyeong 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.5

Herbicidin A is a potent herbicide against dicotyledonous plants as well as an antibiotic against phytopathogens. In this study, fermentation parameters for herbicidin A production in submerged culture of Streptomyces scopuliridis M40 were investigated. The herbicidin A concentration varied with the C/N ratio. High C/N ratios (>4) resulted in a herbicidin A production of more than 900 mg/l, whereas maximally 600 mg/l was obtained at ratios between 1 and 3.5. In 5-L batch fermentation, there was a positive correlation between the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and herbicidin A production. Once the OUR increased, the substrate consumption rate increased, leading to an increase in volumetric productivity. Mechanical shear force affected the hyphal morphology and OUR. When the medium value of hyphal size ranged from 150 to 180 μm, high volumetric production of herbicidin A was obtained with OUR values >137 mg O₂/l·h. The highest herbicidin A concentration of 956.6 mg/l was obtained at 500 rpm, and coincided with the highest relative abundance of hyphae of 100-200 μm length and the highest OUR during cultivation. Based on a constant impeller tip speed, which affects hyphal morphology, herbicidin A production was successfully scaled up from a 5-L jar to a 500-L pilot vessel.