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Vertical Cyclic Performance of Precast Frame with Hook-end U-shaped High-damping Rubber Joint
Kai-Siong Woon,Farzad Hejazi 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.5
High-damping rubber (HDR) has been commonly used to dissipate cyclic energy and reduce the bumping effect of a building structure. Studies on the application of HDR in precast reinforced concrete structures have mainly focused on the effects caused by lateral cyclic loads, but joints in precast structures are also highly susceptible to damage when frames are subjected to vertical cyclic loads. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a new hook-end U-shaped joint by using HDR so that the formation of cracks on precast frames could be minimized and the accumulated energy dissipation capacities could be enhanced under the actions of a vertical cyclic load. The developed joint was experimentally tested and compared with a single dowel beam-column-connected precast frame. Results revealed that the performance of the joint was similar to that of hysteresis loops and yield force. But, its maximum force and strength ratio were slightly lower than that of the control precast frame. A nonlinear 3D numerical model was also created and subjected to a vertical cyclic load to predict the behavior of the precast frame with the proposed and single dowel beam-column connections. Differences between numerical and experimental results were identified by comparing numerical data with experimental data.
Biochemical Adaptation to the Freezing Environment - the Biology of Fish Antifreeze Proteins
Zhengjun Li,Qingsong Lin,Woon-Kai Low,Megan Miao,Choy L. Hew 한국해양과학기술원 2003 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.25 No.3s
Many organisms are known to survive in icy environments. These include both over wintering terrestrial insects and plants as well the marine fish inhabiting high latitudes. The adaptation of these organisms is both a fascinating and important topic in biology. Marine teleosts in particular, can encounter ice-laden seawater that is approximately 1oC colder than the colligative freezing point of their body fluids. These animals produce a unique group of proteins, the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that absorb the ice nuclei and prevent ice crystal growth. Presently, there are at least four different AFP types and one AFGP type that are isolated from a wide variety of fish. Despite their functional similarity, there is no apparent common protein homology or ice-binding motifs among these proteins, except that the surface-surface complementarity between the protein and ice are important for binding. The remarkable diversity of these proteins and their odd phylogenetic distribution would suggest that these proteins might have evolved recently in response to sea level glaciations just 1-2 million years ago in the northern hemisphere and 10-30 million years ago around Antarctica. Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, has been used as a popular model to study the regulation of AFP gene expression. It has a built-in annual cycle of AFP expression controlled negatively by the growth hormone. The signal transduction pathways, transcription factors and promoter elements involved in this process have been studied in our laboratory and these studies will be presented.
Biochemical Adaptation to the Freezing Environment - the Biology of Fish Antifreeze Proteins
Li, Zhengjun,Li, n Qingsong,Low Woon-Kai,Miao Megan,Hew Choy L. Korea Institute of Ocean ScienceTechnology 2003 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.25 No.4
Many organisms are known to survive in icy environments. These include both over wintering terrestrial insects and plants as well the marine fish inhabiting high latitudes. The adaptation of these organisms is both a fascinating and important topic in biology. Marine teleosts in particular, can encounter ice-laden seawater that is approximately $1^{\circ}C$ colder than the colligative freezing point of their body fluids. These animals produce a unique group of proteins, the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that absorb the ice nuclei and prevent ice crystal growth. Presently, there are at least four different AFP types and one AFGP type that are isolated from a wide variety of fish. Despite their functional similarity, there is no apparent common protein homology or ice-binding motifs among these proteins, except that the surface-surface complementarity between the protein and ice are important for binding. The remarkable diversity of these proteins and their odd phylogenetic distribution would suggest that these proteins might have evolved recently in response to sea level glaciations just 1-2 million years ago in the northern hemisphere and 10-30 million years ago around Antarctica. Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, has been used as a popular model to study the regulation of AFP gene expression. It has a built-in annual cycle of AFP expression controlled negatively by the growth hormone. The signal transduction pathways, transcription factors and promoter elements involved in this process have been studied in our laboratory and these studies will be presented.