Managing Cultural Diversity by Effective Human Resource Management of International Trade: Focus on Asian Perspectives

Shin,Soo Yong,Pak,Myong Sop,Cho,Sung Woo 한국무역상무학회 2012 貿易商務硏究 Vol.56 No.-

Changes in the global business environment continue at an accelerated pace. The 21st century maybe remarked, perhaps, for its hot issues on globalization and diversity. Diversity may arise in terms of ethnic, gender, age and culture. Cultural diversity out of all stands out in front in modern times as more multinational companies operate internationally resulting more people to start living abroad and work with people from different cultures. In recent years, these multinational companies realized the important roles human resource management play in international trade since cultural diversity is very influential on their work performance. A well-managed human resources will ensure organizations' success to a great extent. This paper touches the field of cultural diversity and introduces human resource management of international trade as a way to handle diversity matters faced by international organizations.

Aptamer‑linked immobilized sorbent assay for detecting GMO marker, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)

Woo‑Ri Shin,Mun‑Jong Lee,SEKHONSIMRANJEET SINGH,Ji Hun Kim,Sun Chang Kim,Byung‑Kwan Cho,Ji‑Young Ahn,Yang‑Hoon Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Development of genetically modified crops has rapidly increased in last few years. The most widely grown GM crops express genes that confer herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. Detection system of GM crops is important for safety evaluation before its consumption. Objective The purpose of this research is to detect GM crops, especially PAT, in food-samples. Results The bar gene (PAT protein, herbicide resistant) was cloned in pGEX-4T-1 and expressed by E. coli. The high-affinity PAT-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers were obtained from a random DNA library. MOE docking study was performed to identify the potential binding region of the selected aptamers on PAT. Aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA) method was used to detect PAT. Conclusion We screened aptamer against PAT for developing an efficient detection method. The selected PAT specific aptamers, HRPA-05 and HRPA-07, showed the distinct target binding behaviors, and detected PAT protein by aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay method with high efficiency and selectivity.

The Effect of Transportation Policy Changes on Retail Market Trade Area Dynamics

Shin,Seung Woo,Kim,Gyoung Sun 한국주거환경학회 2018 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.16 No.3

Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. Literature review III. Data IV. Discussion V. Conclusion 본 연구의 목적은 서로 다른 두 개의 교통정책이 서울의 한 상권에 미치는 동태적 영향을 다룬다. 버스 노선의 변화나 새로운 지하철의 개통이 주변 상권의 형성이나 시간적 변화에 미치는 영향을 검증한다. 이러한 가설을 검증하기 위한 방법을 구체적으로 설명하면, 상권내 토지의 과세가치를 이용하여 경사도를 측정한다. 본 연구를 통하여, 이미 교통 기반시설이 충분히 보급된 지역의 경우, 버스노선의 변경은 상권에 제한적인 영향만을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 반면 이미 두 개의 지하철 노선이 운영 중인 동일한 지역에 추가된 세 번째 노선은 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 t-테스트를 통하여 확인하였다. 또한 상권의 시간적 변화를 가시화하였다. 본 연구가 제안한, 과세 평가액과 이를 사용하여 계산된 경사도를 활용한 혁신적인 연구방법은 도시지역의 사회실험을 대체할 수 있는 효과적인 대안이다.

An Empirical Study on the Choice of Residential Mortgage Lender by Korean Households

Shin,Seung-Woo 한국주거환경학회 2008 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 국민은행의 주택금융수요 실태조사 자료를 이용하여 일반 서민가구의 주택담보 대출유형, 특히 주택금융공사의 보금자리론으로 대표되는 공공 모기지와 여타 민간은행의 민간 모기지간의 선택에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐구하였다. 우리는 보금자리론이 출시된 2004년부터 2006년까지의 3개년치의 자료를 투입하여 다항 로짓(Multinomial Logit) 모델 및 중첩 로짓(Nested Logit) 모델을 적용하여 분석하였다. 미국의 실증분석 결과와는 달리 우리의 경우 서민가구들이 공공 모기지 보다는 민간 모기지를 선호하는 것으로 보인다. 그 이유로는 민간모기지 상품의 다양성이나 이자유형 변경옵션과 같은 상품자체에 기인하는 속성과 함께 민간 대출기관의 느슨한 소득 검증(Income verification)과 같은 규제적 특성 역시 중요한 요인인 것으로 분석되었다.

아미노글리코사이드 사용제한에 따른 병원성 균혈증 유발 그람음성간균의 내성변화 및 임상적 의의

오종택,김신우,손종원,도병훈,한승우,신병철,박지현,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 항균제 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 출현, 약물부작용의 발생 및 약제 비용의 증가는 환자 개인뿐만 아니라 사회적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 항생제의 오남용을 막기 위한 제도의 일환으로 시행한 아미노글리코사이드 사용 제한정책의 비용 효과적인 측면을 조사하고 그람음성간균에 의해 병원성 균혈증이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 이 정책이 항생제 내성률과 환자 사망률에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법 : 930병상 규모의 3차 병원인 일개 대학병원에서 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 직후인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 그람음성간균(Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia)에 의해 발생한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(실험군)과, 이 정책이 시행되기 전에 입원한 환자들 중 균주별로 같은 수만큼 선별한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(대조군)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 시기인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 처방된 아미노글리코사이드 사용량 및 비용을 이 정책이 시행되기 전인 2001년 3월에서 9월 사이와 비교한 결과, 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량(antimicrobial utilization density)은 사용제한 후 225.2에서 130.3으로 42% 감소하였고 약제 비용은 44% 감소하였다. 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한 후 병원성 균혈증을 유발한 그람 음성간균의 이 항생제에 대한 내성률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 균혈증과 직접 연관된 사망률도 환자의 나이, 성별, 기저질환 및 원발병소 등을 보정할 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(40.4% vs. 24.1%, P=0.11). 결론 : 아미노글리코사이드를 5일을 초과한 사용 시 감염전문가의 사전 승인을 필요로 하는 사용제한정책은 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량과 비용을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 이 정책 시행 후 그람음성간균에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 균혈증으로 인한 사망률과 아미노글리코사이드에 대한 내성률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objective : To evaluate the effects of an aminoglycoside restriction policy on expenditures for aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance rates and clinical outcome of nosocomial bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods : Starting in February, 2002, a prior consultation with an infectious disease specialist for using aminoglycoside antibiotics over 5 days was required in a 930-bed university hospital. In retrospective analysis of medical records 7 months after initiation of the aminoglycoside restriction policy, sixty cases of clinically relevant nosocomial bacteremia caused by GNB were found. These bacteremic patients were compared with sixty, species-matched, control patients with nosocomial Gramnegative bacteremia before the policy for total expenditures for aminoglycosides, susceptibility to antibiotics and clinical outcomes of bacteremia. Results : During the same period of 7 months before and after the restriction policy, total expenditures for aminoglycosides decreased by 44% in cost (from 465,030,841 Won to 259,618,337 Won) and the antimicrobial utilization density of aminoglycosides decreased by 42% (from 225,2 to 130.3). On the other hand, the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and bacteremia-related in-hospital mortality rates after the policy did not show a significant change, compared with those before the policy. Conclusion : Antibiotic restrictions are among the most popular methods to diminish the practice of antibiotic overuse in hospitals. In this study, requirement for prior approval of aminoglycoside use over 5 days led to a significant decrease in the amount and cost of total aminoglycosides without a significant change in susceptibility patterns and bacteremia-related mortality rates.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

Quinolone 항균제의 임상약리

신상구,최강원,장우현 대한화학요법학회 1988 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.6 No.2

4-quinolone 항균제는 chloroquine 정제 과정에서 처음 발견되었으며, 1963년 nalidixic acid가 처음 임상적으로 사용되었고, 이후 많은 4-oxoquninolin-3-carboxylic acid derivative가 합성되어 임상적으로 이용되었다(1st generation compounds; nalidixic acid, cinoxacin, oxolinic acid). 그러나 이러한 제 1세대 quinolone 제제는 좁은 항균 spectrum을 지녔으며 invitro, in vivo에서 저항균주의 출현이 흔하고, 약동학적(pharmacokinetic) 성상에 있어 경구 투여후 혈장단백 결합율을 높고 체내소실이 매우 빠른 단점으로 전신 감염증 치료에 있어 MIC 이상의 혈장농도 유지가 어려운 점 등으로 단지 뇨로감염증의 치료에 국한 될 수밖에 없었다. 이후 1970년경에 제 1세대의 항균 spectrum을 넓힌 제 2세대 quinolone derivatives(pipemidic acid,flumequin)가 개발되었고, 이들의 특성은 Pseudo monas aeroginosa에 활성을 보이며 일부 enterobacteria 및 Mycoplasma, Chlamydae, Neisseria 및 Acinobacter에 제 1세대보다 더 강력한 항균력을 보인다. 그러나, 이들 제 2세대 역시 타 기존항균제에 비한 장점이 적고 이들의 약동학적 특성등으로 제 1세대와 마찬가지로 뇨로감염증 치료제로서의 이용가치 이상이 부여될 수 없었다. 그러나 제 2세대 중의 fluorinated quinolone인 flumequine이 보인 staphylococci 및 edterobacteria 등에 대한 항균력은 제 3세대의 fluorinated quin-olone derivatives의 장을 열게 하는데 중요 역할을 하게 되었고 근자에 개발된 제 3세대 quinolone 제제들은 전신감염증 치료제로서 적합한 약동학적 성상을 지녀 기존의 new-beta lactams제와 더불어 전신 감염증의 주요 치료약물로 대두될 단계에 이르렀다. 따라서, 본 종설에서는 이들 quinolone 제제중, 특히 제 3세대 quinolone 항균제들의 작용기전 및 항균력, 약동학적 특성 및 임상효과등에 대해 논하고자 하며, quinolone 제제에 대한 국내 연구결과를 소개하고자 한다.

無給水日數에 따른 造景植物의 生長 狀態와 生存率에 관한 硏究(Ⅲ)

申宇均 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1994 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

There are various planting spaces for landscaping. That is in arid area, in no precipitation space and on the concrete slab cut off natural soil profile. The purpose of this study is to choose the landscaping shrubns and find the control of water supply in cut off natural soil profile and arid area planted landscaping trees. The selection of experimental plants were Pyracanta angustifolia and Ilex crenatea var. microphylla. The experimental plants were planted in plastic pot( 30㎝) with 9.0㎏ lomy sand, the plants of experiment used one year old cutting plants. For the development of lateral branches, we cut off the terminal bud of lead branch. The experimental plots design to 17 treat (control, no water supply days, 15, 17, 19, .....45) by 3 level. The main research of the experiment is the forecast of the soil water content and growth condition, wilting point, revived condition and survival rate of experimental plants. The result obtained were as follows. 1. The linear regression of no water supply days and soil water content are formularized as follows; For Pyracantha angustifloia Yp=11.87 - 0.244x Yp: soil water content, X : no water supply days For Ilex crenata Var. Microphylla YI=11.50 - 0.22px YI : soil water content, X : no water supply days 2. The longer no water supply days were, the shorter were mean length of lateral branches, nodes, and the smaller were number of new leaves. 3. The lateral branches of Pyracantha angustifolia developed until have no water supply for 19days and growed no watering 21days. 4. No. of new leaves of Pyracantha angustifolia increased no watering 23days. 5. The lateral branches of Ilex crenta var. microphylla developed until have no water wupply for 27days and growde up no watering 29days. 6. No. of new leaves of Ilex crenata var. microphylla increased no watering 27days. 7. Pyracantha angustifolia appeared the temporary wilting point on no watering 19days(soil water content 7.68%), and Ilex crenata var. microphylla showed te temporary wilting point on no watering 21days(soil water conternt 6.83%). 8. Occurrence of dride of pyracantha augusstifolia showed no watering 29days(soil water content 4.14%), and Ilex crenata var. microphylla showed no watering 27 days(soil water content 5.14%). 9. Pyracantha angustifolia and Ilex crenata var. microphylla was possible to revive if it was watered again before no water supply 23days. 10. The survival rate of pyracantha angustifolia decreased on no watering 35days and on no watering 37th days the plants completely dried. 11. The survival rate of Ilex crenata var. microphylla decreased on no watering 31days and completely dried no watering 33th days. 12. According to this study, drought tolerance of pyracantha angustifolia and Ilex crenata var. micropylla was not great differences.

안면도의 관광자원성과 관광개발에 관한 연구

신우균 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1999 産業開發硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This study aims to survey and analyze the sight-seeing resources in Ahnmyon Island. In addition to the consciousness of resident and people investigated on development in Ahnmyon Island. The major finding of this study could be follow; 1. Sight-seeing resources 1). Sea-shore of Ahnmyon Island is ria coast. There for progressed long beaches, coastal dunes, broad tidal flats and beautiful sea cliffs, wave-cut terraces distribute in the seashore. 2) We could be observation various the migratory(passage)birds, sea fishes, sea shellfishs and sea weeds. 3) Various plants for example; the frigid zone, the temperate zone, the sub tropical zone and salt plants grows in this Island. 4) There are precious the Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann(golden rain tree)community has designated natural monument by the government. 5) There are Boongi poong-ea je of the representative folk festival and some site of historical tradition. 6) There are many long beaches and the dense Ahnmyon pine forest and famous trees and shrubs garden. 7) we could seeing various landscape factors for exmaple' panoramic landscape, natural landscape, enclosed landscape, focal landscape, canopied landscape, detail landscape, ephemeral landscape. 2. Consciousness of resident and people ■Consciousness of resident 1). Most of resident desired to the sightseeing development region and wish a reflex of the will of the resident in progress of development. 2). First consideration is natural conservation than economic development and large scale development than small scale development. 3). Most of resident wish tourist goods of local color and easily approached traveling. ■Consciousness of people 1). The most of development is sightseeing development than other development plan in Ahnmyon Island. Because there are various sightseeing resources and underdeveloped region. 2). Characteristic sightseeing resources are Ahnmyon pine forest and various plants, long beach and local color landscape. 3). Sightseeing development should be familiar with environment and need the restriction in other to preservation of natural environment and social morals and customs.

관광농업의 활성화 방안에 대한 연구

신우균 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1998 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Toursim agriculture is based on tourist potential which are composed of production environment of agriculture, foresty, fishery, etc. and natural environment. The object of tourism agriculture is to increase the income of farmers and fisherman and to vital local economy by utilizing these sightseeing resoures. But the present tourism agriculture enterprise is not active. So Iresearch intothe cause and propose the following vitalizaton scheme. 1. Complementing legal and institutional matters There is a need to relax and complement realistically the regulation of legal and institutional matters ( the area of farms, facilities, participants, financing,etc.) which are adopted to establish and manage tourism farms. 2. The prudent selection of the site for tourism farms The site must have the space that makes the most of the characteristics of tourism agriculture and must be visited easily by the visitors. 3. The systermatical composition of the site space. The master plan must be founded by examining and analyzing synthetic environmental elements of the site for tourism farms. Systematical and convenient space must be secured based onhsmster plan. 4. The composition of the local landscape and amenity space The landscape of sightseeing farms must have the ecological envinonment nd local or nativ image. And the composition of sightseeing farmsmut be amenitical function of the site zoning and facilities. 5. The development of the various and original goods The various and original goods on founded by rural or native developedand supplied all the year around. 6. Reliability and hospitality Goods must be satisfactory to visitors in the aspect of quality and price, and careful after-sales service is necessary. The clerks and servants of the turism farm must be always kind to visitors. 7. Active information strategy Enterpriesers, administrative organs,and related bodies must carry on imressive and active information activities continuously and effeciently.