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A Retrospective Analysis of Ruptured Breast Implants
Baek, Woo Yeol,Lew, Dae Hyun,Lee, Dong Won Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6
Background Rupture is an important complication of breast implants. Before cohesive gel silicone implants, rupture rates of both saline and silicone breast implants were over 10%. Through an analysis of ruptured implants, we can determine the various factors related to ruptured implants. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 72 implants that were removed for implant rupture between 2005 and 2014 at a single institution. The following data were collected: type of implants (saline or silicone), duration of implantation, type of implant shell, degree of capsular contracture, associated symptoms, cause of rupture, diagnostic tools, and management. Results Forty-five Saline implants and 27 silicone implants were used. Rupture was diagnosed at a mean of 5.6 and 12 years after insertion of saline and silicone implants, respectively. There was no association between shell type and risk of rupture. Spontaneous was the most common reason for the rupture. Rupture management was implant change (39 case), microfat graft (2 case), removal only (14 case), and follow-up loss (17 case). Conclusions Saline implants have a shorter average duration of rupture, but diagnosis is easier and safer, leading to fewer complications. Previous-generation silicone implants required frequent follow-up observation, and it is recommended that they be changed to a cohesive gel implant before hidden rupture occurs.
항공기 날개 탑재 안테나의 빔 보상을 위한 X-대역 위상 배열 안테나 모듈
최우열(Woo-Yeol Choi),서정훈(Jung-Hoon Seo),김현호(Hyun-Ho Kim),백건우(Kun-Woo Baek),홍성용(Sung-Yong Hong) 한국전자파학회 2016 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.27 No.11
비행 중 날개 변형에 의해 바뀐 빔 방향을 보상하기 위한 X대역 위상 배열 안테나 모듈을 설계 및 제작하였다. 위상배열 안테나 모듈은 배열 안테나, 전력분배기, 위상변위기 및 제어회로로 구성된다. 최적의 부품 선택을 위해 날개 변형 및 위상변위기의 위상 오차에 의한 방사 패턴의 변화를 시뮬레이션하였다. 제작된 위상 배열 안테나 모듈은 9.375 GHz에서 5.84 dBi의 이득, 13.6 dB의 반사손실, 10.6 %의 대역폭을 얻었다. 주빔 방향 보상 성능을 확인하기 위해 측정 장치를 구축하였다. 측정을 통해 굽힘 변형이 9 %일 때 빔 보상이 정확히 이루어짐을 확인하였다. X-band phased array antenna module for the compensation of deformed beam direction by wing deformation is designed and fabricated. The phased array antenna module consists of array antenna, phase shifter, power divider and control circuit. To select out the best component, the variation of radiation pattern by wing bending and phase error of components is simulated. The fabricated phased array antenna module shows an antenna gain of 5.84 dBi, a return loss of 13.6 dB and a bandwidth of 10.6 % at 9.375 GHz. The test bed was set up to verify the performance of beam direction compensation. This test confirmed that the main beam direction of array antenna has been well restored under wing bending of 9 %.
Baek, Dong-won,Nam, Jae-sung,Koo, Yoon-Duck,Kim, Doh-Hoon,Lee, Ji-young,Jeong, Jae-Cheol,Kwak, Sang-Soo,Chung, Woo-Sik,Lim, Chae-Oh,Bahk, Jeong-Dong,Hong, Jong-Chan,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Maki Kawai-Yamada,Hi Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2004 No.-
An Arabidopsis protoplast system was developed for dissecting plant cell death in individual cells. Bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, induces apoptotic-like cell death in Arabidopsis. Bax accumulation in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts expressing murine Bax cDNA from a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter results in cytological characteristics of apoptosis, namely DNA fragmentation, increased vacuolation, and loss of plasma membrane integrity. In vivo targeting analysis monitored using jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter indicated full-length Bax was localized to the mitochondria, as it does in animal cells. Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal transmembrane domain of Bax completely abolished targeting to mitochondria. Bax expression was followed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Treatment of protoplasts with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) during induction of Bax expression strongly suppressed Bax-mediated ROS production and the cell death phenotype. However, some population of the ROS depleted cells still induced cell death, indicating that there is a process that Bax-mediated plant cell death is independent of ROS accumulation. Accordingly suppression of Bax-mediated plant cell death also takes place in two different processes. Over-expression of a key redox-regulator, Arabidopsis nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (AtNDPK2) down-regulated ROS accumulation and suppressed Bax-mediated cell death and transient expression of Arabidopsis Bax inhibitor-1 (AtBI-1) substantially suppressed Bax-induced cell death without altering cellular ROS level. Taken together. our results collectively suggest that the Bax-mediated cell death and its suppression in plants is mediated by ROS-dependent and -independent processes.
Baek, Kwang Yeol,Lee, Hyun-Hee,Son, Geun Ju,Lee, Pyeong An,Roy, Nazish,Seo, Young-Su,Lee, Seon-Woo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.2
Accurate and rapid detection of bacterial plant pathogen is the first step toward disease management and prevention of pathogen spread. Bacterial plant pathogens Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn), Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pss), and Rathayibacter tritici (Rt) cause Goss's bacterial wilt and blight of maize, Stewart's wilt of maize and spike blight of wheat and barley, respectively. The bacterial diseases are not globally distributed and not present in Korea. This study adopted comparative genomics approach and aimed to develop specific primer pairs to detect these three bacterial pathogens. Genome comparison among target pathogens and their closely related bacterial species generated 15-20 candidate primer pairs per bacterial pathogen. The primer pairs were assessed by a conventional PCR for specificity against 33 species of Clavibacter, Pantoea, Rathayibacter, Pectobacterium, Curtobacterium. The investigation for specificity and sensitivity of the primer pairs allowed final selection of one or two primer pairs per bacterial pathogens. In our assay condition, a detection limit of Pss and Cmn was $2pg/{\mu}l$ of genomic DNA per PCR reaction, while the detection limit for Rt primers was higher. The selected primers could also detect bacterial cells up to $8.8{\times}10^3cfu$ to $7.84{\times}10^4cfu$ per gram of grain seeds artificially infected with corresponding bacterial pathogens. The primer pairs and PCR assay developed in this study provide an accurate and rapid detection method for three bacterial pathogens of grains, which can be used to investigate bacteria contamination in grain seeds and to ultimately prevent pathogen dissemination over countries.
얇은 강판을 이용한 냉간성형 각형 CFT 기둥의 플레어 용접 목두께 결정을 위한 해석적 연구
우성열(Woo Seong-Yeol),이성희(Lee Sung-Hui),염경수(Yem Kung-Su),백일현(Baek Il-Hyun),최성모(Choi Sung-Mo) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1
Generally, There are three manufacturing process for concrete filled tubular square column. one is box type process by 4-seam welding in edge of column, another is cold-forming process by 2-seam welding in center. Accordingly, the other is pressing process by pressing circular column, It is very important to select of welding process and welding thickness for economical efficiency. Newly developed thin walled cold-formed concrete filled tubular square column are manufactured by flare welding at center of column width for cold formed ㄱ shape plates of 4 piece. In this study, we suggested the method to evaluate welding Quantity of concrete filled steel tubular column and calculated welding thickness for six specimens by studied structural test and finite element analysis method with parameters of production process, plates thickness and welding thickness of steel square column.
A 3-dimensional control of exchange bias by spin orbit torque in Pt/Co/IrMn heterostructure
Eunchong Baek,Suhyeok An,Woo-Yeong Kim,Ki-Seung Lee,Chun-Yeol You 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.1
Spin orbit torque (SOT) driven magnetization switching has opened up a new field of spintronics. It has been reported that SOT can switch a ferromagnet (FM) layer without the second ferromagnetic layer by spin current from the adjacent heavy metal (HM) layer<sup>1,2,3</sup>. The injection of spin current by SOT can also switch the antiferromagnet (AFM) Neel vector<sup>4,5,6</sup> which have been difficult to manipulate with other means such as a magnetic field. Furthermore, the exchange bias (EB) state in FM/AFM bilayer system was manipulated through SOT while the underlying mechanism is unrevealed yet<sup>7-,8,9,10</sup>. To understand how the SOT modulate EB state, related experiments are needed to provide the clues for the interfacial spin dynamics due to SOT, because the interfacial spin ordering at the interface will govern the EB state. Here we observe SOT driven three-dimensional (3-D) control of the EB state in a Pt/Co/IrMn tri-layer. We control EB field directions with out-of-plane (OOP) and/or in-plane (IP) external magnetic fields with SOT. Similar to the field cooling methods, the magnetization of FM layer is imprinted into the EB field by SOT. Furthermore, manipulated in-plane EB field through SOT enables field-free switching of perpendicular magnetized FM without field-cooling. In order to support the experimental findings, we perform macro-spin simulations which suggest that the SOT induced EB manipulation is the result of SOT driven THz oscillation of interfacial AFM spins. In SOT induced EB manipulation, SOT has the similar role as heat in traditional field cooling, exciting the AFM spins to deviate from the local energy minimum state so that when the current is turned off, the EB is switched along the FM direction. Our work reveals the underlying mechanism of SOT driven EB manipulation and motivates to design novel spintronic devices.