혜림 《일체경음의》의 한국 전파와 중국의 재유입

신원철 ( Shin¸ Wonchul ) 한국중국어문학회 2021 中國文學 Vol.108 No.-

This thesis aims to deal with the whole story of how Huilin慧琳’s Yiqiejingyinyi(一切經音義, lit. The pronunciation and meaning of vocabularies of all the Buddhist classics, abbr. Huilinyinyi慧琳音義) was propagated to Korea, preserved, and reintroduced into China. Huilinyinyi was written in A.D. 807(Tang唐 dynasty of China) by Buddhist monk Huilin born in Shule疏勒 country. Yiqiejingyinyi was a handbook which was, before Huilin wrote, edited in A.D. 649(early Tang dynasty) by Xuanying玄應, and after Huilin’s work were revised by many Buddhist scholar. Among them, The particularity of Huilinyinyi is that Huilin, as a foreigner, explained the pronunciation and the meaning of the vocabularies in the Buddhist classics translated into Chinese through Chinese classics and linguistics works. It can be assumed that such work was pursed in terms of understanding and curiosity of Chinese as a foreigner. Huilinyinyi was recorded in the Tripitaka Koreana of Haeinsa Temple해인사(海印寺) that remains today, i.e. Koryo jaejo daejangkyong고려재조대장경(高麗再雕大藏經) which is a complete edition of the Buddhist classics, which was affected by Kaibaochibandazangjing開寶敕版大藏經 in Song宋 dynasty and Kitai契丹 Tripitaka. Huilinyinyi belongs to the vocabulary section in this edition. However Huilinyinyi were omitted from later editions in China because of inconsistence in language environments and complex structure hard to find. In Qing清 dynasty, due to the development of philological studies, Yiqiejingyinyi, which preserves the results of previous research, attracted attention. But the scholars in that period, there was no Huilinyinyi, referred to Xuanying’s work. Huilinyinyi was reintroduced into China by Yang Shoujing楊守敬, a scholar in late Qing dynasty.

실비아 플라스의 죽음연습

신원철 ( Shin¸ Won-chul ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2013 영어권문화연구 Vol.6 No.2

In Sylvia Plath's short life the pressure of death followed her endlessly. When she was only 9 years old, her father died because of his glycosuria which had forced him cut his leg. Sylvia Plath's mother had to bring up her children by herself and devote her whole life for them. Plath's early life can be said much chained to her mother's unreasonable love and we can read a kind of Electra Complex in her poems. Marrying Ted Hughes could not solve her problem but resulted in his betrayal and their separation. This unhappy family history seemed to make her write those dark poems in which her father, mother and husband were written as twisted characters. Her poems “Colossus,” “Daddy” and “Lady Lazarus” seem to be succeeded or related closely each other, the third is the climax of this succession. Plath wanted her freedom from all stress. At last she chose to kill herself in the cruelest and definite way.

Analysis of Temperature Effects on Raman Silicon Photonic Devices

Wonchul Kim,박동욱 한국광학회 2008 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.12 No.4

Recent research efforts on study of silicon photonics utilizing stimulated Raman scattering have largely overlooked temperature effects. In this paper, we incorporated the temperature dependences into the key parameters governing wave propagation in silicon waveguides with Raman gain and investigated how the temperature affects the solution of the coupled-mode equations. We then carried out, as one particular application example, a numerical analysis of the performance of wavelength converters based on stimulated Raman scattering at temperatures ranging from 298 K to 500 K. The analysis predicted, among other things, that the wavelength conversion efficiency could decrease by as much as 12 dB at 500 K in comparison to that at the room temperature. These results indicate that it is necessary to take a careful account of temperature effects in designing, fabricating, and operating Raman silicon photonic devices.

Oxidation Behaviors of Si/Al Pack Cementation Coated Mo–3Si–1B Alloys at Various Temperatures

Wonchul Yang,최광수,Kyeong‑Ho Baik,Youngmoo Kim,Seong Lee,Jeongmin Kim,Jongwon Lee,Joon Sik Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

In this study, we tried to improve the oxidation resistance of Mo–3Si–1B (wt%) alloy at intermediate (800 °C) and high temperature(1300 °C) after applying Si/Al pack cementation coatings. In addition, we examined structural changes and phasechange in the intermediate and high temperature oxidizing atmospheres to observe oxidation behaviors. The diffusion packcoatings were carried out with an NH4Factivator and both Si and Al powder mixtures. Mo–Si–B alloys were subjected todiffusion coatings of Si/Al powders at various temperatures in various time conditions at a temperature of 1100 °C. Whenthe pack coatings were carried out for 48 h, Mo(Si, Al)2 and Mo3Al8layers together with a T2 (Mo5SiB2) layer were successfullysynthesized on the substrate. After oxidation tests, an Al2O3protective oxide layer was formed by the diffusionof Al in an ambient atmosphere. The Si/Al pack cementation coatings provided excellent oxidation resistance through theformation of an Al2O3oxide layer. The enhanced oxidation behaviors are discussed in terms of microstructural evolution athigh temperatures.

p-Type Nanowire Schottky Barrier MOSFETs: Comparative Study of Ge- and Si-Channel Devices

Wonchul Choi,Jaehyun Lee,Mincheol Shin Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2014 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol. No.

<P>We investigate the performance of Ge and Si channel p-type nanowire Schottky barrier metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (SB-pMOSFETs) based on rigorous quantum mechanical calculations. The multiband k . p method and the nonequilibrium Green's function are used. We find that Ge SB-pMOSFETs show superior performance in terms of ON-state current (I-ON), subthreshold swing, and the equivalent oxide thickness scaling. In particular, I-ON of Ge SB-pMOSFETs is estimated to become about 2.5 times larger than that of Si SB-pMOSFET if the possibility of achieving low Schottky barrier height (SBH) in Ge-channel devices is taken into account. As the channel width is scaled down to a few nanometers, however, the differences in device performance become smaller. This is explained by the increase of the tunneling effective mass due to the heavy-light hole coupling effect and the effectively increased SBH due to the size quantization effect.</P>

28 ㎓ 전자 맴돌이 공명 이온원(ECRIS)을 이용한 이온빔 발생장치 개발

Wonchul Lee,Jonggi hong,Seong Jun Kim,Jung-Woo Ok,Jin Yong Park,Jang-Hee Yoon 한국표면공학회 2021 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.6

Stand-alone Type Intelligente Solar Streetlight Control System

Wonchul Choi,Choongchae Woo 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.8

This paper proposes a new solar-powered streetlamp light control system that improves the efficiency of energy consumption of conventional solar-powered streetlamps. The proposed new solar-powered streetlamp light control system is efficiently recharged using the solar-power recharging controller, having the maximum power point tracking function and controls the lamp using the vehicle detection system data applying the audio recognition technology. The test result confirmed that the streetlamps were lighted in accordance with the detected vehicle data and that the performance was 25% higher than the conventional solar-powered recharging controller. The system is expected to help solve the problem of energy efficiency of conventional solar-powered streetlamp system, ensuring traffic safety, and preventing the risk of crimes when walking at nighttime.

Expression of Caspase Family in the Endometrium during the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in Pigs

Wonchul Jung,Inkyu Yoo,Jisoo Han,Soohyung Lee,Hakhyun Ka 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2018 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.06

Caspases are a family of protease enzymes that play an essential role in apoptosis. Caspases can be subdivided to two groups. One is initiator caspases which include caspase 8 (CASP8), caspase 9 (CASP9) and caspase 10 (CASP10), and the other is executioner caspases which include caspase 3 (CASP3), caspase 6 (CASP6) and caspase 7 (CASP7). Once activated by death signaling proteins, initiator caspases cleave and activate downstream executioner caspases, which in turn execute apoptosis by cleaving targeted critical cellular proteins. In many studies, the caspase family is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis and the expression of caspases is regulated by steroid hormones in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in mammals. However, the expression and function of caspases have not been determined in the porcine endometrium. Thus, to initiate the study on the role of caspases in the endometrium, we characterized the expression of caspases in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. We obtained endometrial tissue samples from glits on day (D) 12 and D15 of the estrous cycle and from D12, D15, D30, D60, D90 and D114 of pregnancy. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of CASP3, CASP6, CASP7, CASP8, CASP9 and CASP10 mRNAs was detected in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Especially, levels of CASP3 mRNA were higher on D12 of pregnancy than the estrous cycle. To investigate the effects of steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, on expression of caspase, endometrial tissue explants from immature pigs were treated with steroid hormones. Increasing doses of progesterone, CASP7 mRNA increased but, decreased CASP8 and CASP10 mRNAs. In addition, increasing doses of IL1B upregulated the expression of CASP3 mRNA in the endometrium. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that CASP3 protein was localized to the luminal and glandular epithelial cells in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. These results indicate that caspases are expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a stage-depedent manner, and the expression of some caspase in the endometrium is regulated by steroid hormone or cytokine. Further analysis of localization and functions of caspase families at endometrium are needed.

Caspases: Expression and Regulation in the Endometrium during the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in Pigs

Wonchul Jung,Inkyu Yoo,Jisoo Han,Soohyung Lee,Hakhyun Ka 한국수정란이식학회 2018 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11

Caspases are a family of cysteine protease enzymes composed of more than 10 members that play essential roles in apoptosis and inflammation. It has been reported that caspases play a critical role in regulating apoptosis at the maternal-conceptus interface in many species. However, the expression and regulation of caspases have not been determined in the endometrium in pigs. Therefore, we analyzed the expression, localization, and regulation of caspases in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that caspases were expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. The expression of CASP6, CASP7, and CASP8 during the estrous cycle and CASP3, CASP6, CASP7, and CASP10 changed during pregnancy. Levels of CASP3 mRNA in the endometrium were higher on Day 12 of pregnancy than the estrous cycle and levels of CASP7 mRNAs were highest on Day 15 of estrous cycle and pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that CASP3 protein was localized to endometrial epithelial cells on Days 12 and 15 the estrous cycle and pregnancy, but cleaved CASP3 was localized only to luminal epithelial (LE) cells on Days 12 and 15 of pregnancy in the endometrium. CASP7 protein was localized to endometrial LE cells only on Day 15 of pregnancy. CASP3, CASP6, CASP7, CASP8, and CASP10 mRNAs were detectable in conceptus on D12 and D15 of pregnancy, and chorioallantoic tissues expressed CASP3, CASP6, CASP7, CASP8, CASP8, and CASP10 with increasing levels toward term pregnancy, except CASP3 mRNA. The effect of steroid hormones and interleukin-1βß (IL1B) on CASP3 expression and the effect of interferon-γ(IFNG) on CASP7 expression was determined by endometrial explant cultures and we found that CASP3 expression was increased by IL1B and CASP7 expression was increased by IFNG in a dose-dependent manner. These results showed that caspases were expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a stage- and/or pregnancy-specific dependent manner and some caspases were regulated by IL1B or IFNG in the endometrial tissues, suggesting that caspase may play an important role in regulating apoptosis for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs.

Block Copolymer Film with Sponge-Like Nanoporous Structure for Antireflection Coating

Wonchul Joo,Min Soo Park,Jin Kon Kim 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10