대학에서의 가치관 교육의 의미와 방향

이원봉 ( Lee¸ Wonbong ) 한국가톨릭철학회 2016 가톨릭철학 Vol.0 No.26

오늘날 우리 사회의 대학은 외부적 위기와 내부적 위기를 겪고 있다. 외부적으로 신자유주의의 시장경쟁과 정보통신기술의 도전에서 살아남아야 하고, 내부적으로는 대학의 의미와 교육의 의미에 대한 도전에 대응해야 한다. 이 중 내부적 위기와 관련해서, 대학 교육의 의미를 다시 한번 성찰할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 먼저 대학교육의 위기를 교육의 본질이라고 생각되어 온 가치관 교육의 위기라는 관점에서 고찰하면서, 가치중립적 교육이 교육현장에 가치 상대주의와 회의주의를 불러온 과정을 추적한다. 현대 자유주의 사회에서의 가치중립적 교육은 자유로운 개인에게 가치의 선택을 맡김으로써, 고립된 이기적 인간의 무한 경쟁에 따른 인간성의 파괴를 가져오고 있다. 최근에 강조되고 있는 인성교육은 가치관 교육의 중요성을 인식했다는 점에서 의미가 있으나, 교육을 통해서 실현해야 할 인간 본성에 대한 고찰 없이 특정한 사회적 맥락에서 요구되는 다양한 덕목만을 나열하는 것은 가치 상대주의에 빠지게 될 위험이 있다. 따라서 인성교육, 혹은 도덕교육은 경험적으로 주어져 있는 인간 본성에 근거하는 것이 아니라, 경험적 영역을 초월할 수 있는 인간의 내재적 본성으로서의 영성을 전제하지 않을 수 없는 것이다. 본 논문은 인간을 육체와 영혼으로 나누고, 영혼의 능력을 감성과 지성에 한정한 근대적 인간관의 한계를 고찰하면서, 인간의 내재적 초월성으로서의 영성을 전제하지 않고서는 가치관 교육이 이루어질 수 없다는 점을 밝힌다. 지금까지 영성이 공교육의 영역에서 배제되어 온 이유는 영성을 신비로운 내적 체험으로 이해했기 때문이다. 하지만 영성을 자아와 타자 사이의 초월적 연결성으로 이해한다면, 영성의 강화와 성숙은 대학 교육의 중요한 내용이 되어야 한다. Today, universities in our society is undergoing an internal crisis and the external crisis. Externally, they have to survive challenges of the neoliberal market competition and information and communication technology, internally respond to the doubts to the meaning of university and education. With regard to the internal crisis, there is a need to once again reflect on the meaning of a college education. First, this paper reviews the crisis of the university in terms of the crisis of value education itself which has been considered the essence of the education, and trace the process that value-neutral education has imported to the education field value relativism and skepticism. While so-called value-neutral education in the modern liberal society is entrusting the decision of the value to free individuals, humanity is destructed in the fierce competition of isolated selfish humans. Character education that is emphasized in recent years is meaningful in that it recognizes the importance of values education. But it is at risk to fall in value relativism, for it lists only the various virtues required in a particular social context without consideration of human nature which is to be achieved through education itself. Thus, character education or moral education should be based on the inherent nature of human spirituality transcending empirical area, not based on human nature are given empirically. This paper explores the limits of modern perspective of humanity, which have divided humans into body and soul, and limited the ability of the soul to the emotion and intellect, and argues that we cannot teach values without assumption of inherent transcendental spirituality of human. The reason of exclusion of spirituality from the areas of public education until now is that we understand spirituality as mysterious inner experiences. But if you realize the spirituality as the transcendent connectedness between the self and the other, strengthening and maturing of spirituality should be an important content of college education.

VR, AR Simulation and 3D Printing for Shoulder and Elbow Practice

Wonbong Lim(임원봉),Young Lae Moon(문영래) 대한전자공학회 2016 전자공학회논문지 Vol.53 No.12

최근 의료 영상 기술의 발전은 진단, 수술계획, 또는 교육에 도움이 되는 수술 시뮬레이션을 만들어 왔다. 개선된 고화질 영상과 3차원 시각화는 의료 영상 가용성을 향상시키고 수술, 교육 분야에서 더 잘 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 실제 인간의 시각은 입체이다. 따라서, 외과의사의 판단을 통해 2차원 영상을 스테레오로 재구성하여 처리하는 것이 함께 필요하다. 이러한 과정을 줄이기 위해, 3차원 (3D) 이미지가 사용되어 왔다. 3D 영상은 복잡한 상황에서 외과 의사가 매우 짧은 시간에 판단할 수 있도록 3D 시각화를 강화하여 제공한다. 3D 화상 데이터 세트에 기초하여, 가상 내시경 수술 계획, 실시간 상호 작용 가상 의료시뮬레이션이 가능하게 되었다. 본 논문은 새로운 이미징 기술의 최근 응용 프로그램을 설명하고 이의 기본과 특별히 주목할 만한 의료 3D 복원 기술에 관한 것이다. 최근 CT, MR 및 기타 영상 양식의 기술발전은 흥미로운 새로운 솔루션과 어깨 영상의 활용 가능성을 넓혀왔다. 특히, 의료 기기에서 파생 된 3차원 (3D) 이미지는 고급 정보를 제공한다. 이 프레젠테이션은 어깨와 팔꿈치의 수술실습에서 원리, 3D 영상기술의 잠재적 응용가능성, 시뮬레이션, 3D프린팅을 설명한다. Recent advances in technology of medical image have made surgical simulation that is helpful to diagnosis, operation plan, or education. Improving and enhancing the medical imaging have led to the availability of high definition images and three-dimensional (3D) visualization, it allows a better understanding in the surgical and educational field. The Real human field of view is stereoscopic. Therefore, with just 2D images, stereoscopic reconstruction process through the surgeon’s head, is necessary. To reduce these process, 3D images have been used. 3D images enhanced 3D visualization, it provides significantly shorter time for surgeon for judgment in complex situations. Based on 3D image data set, virtual medical simulations, such as virtual endoscopy, surgical planning, and real-time interaction, have become possible. This article describes principles and recent applications of newer imaging techniques and special attention is directed towards medical 3D reconstruction techniques. Recent advances in technology of CT, MR and other imaging modalities has resulted in exciting new solutions and possibilities of shoulder imaging. Especially, three-dimensional (3D) images derived from medical devices provides advanced information. This presentation describes the principles and potential applications of 3D imaging techniques, simulation and printing in shoulder and elbow practice.

Reforming Tool to Measure MEDICAL ETHICS CONSCIOUSNESS of Korean Young Students

Wonbong Lee,Gyunyeol Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 Public Value Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This study complements some of the limitations of the past developed tool for measuring medical ethics consciousness of Korean young students. Method: This study was based on the past tool which was developed according to G. Lind of Germany. The validity process followed the verification procedure of Moral Competence Test (MCT) proposed by G. Lind. To get much higher validation, this study got advices from 3 specialist in the sphere of moral education. Results: This study adopted the result of the past medical ethics consciousness measurement tool. Its whole validation did cover three major processes, preference hierarchy by moral development, affective-cognitive par-allelism test, quasi-simplex structure of inter-correlations between the six moral orientations test by L. Kohlberg. This past tool showed weakness in the point of preference hierarchy test. Especially the tool got some strange situation at 1st stage and 4th stage. To back up this weakness, we made a decision to receive specialists’ advices. So we interviewed 3 people who is professor or research fellow in the sphere of moral education. We could arrived at more advanced level for medical ethics consciousness. Conclusion: This study showed the more advanced medical ethics consciousness tool. Next time it is necessary to generalized through deep research using much broader topics in the medical ethics.

광 감응성 물질의 세포내 위치에 따른 Photodynamic therapy(PDT) 의 세포사멸 경로에 관한 연구

WonBong Lim,SungGa Lee,InAe Kim,MinA Jung,OkJoon Kim,HongRan Choi 대한구강악안면병리학회 2007 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Photodynamic therapy(PDT) 는 특정 광 감응 물질 에 광 조사를 수행하여 세 포내애서 활성 산소종(ROS) 의 증가를 통한 암세 포의 사띨을 유도하는 방법이다 광 감응 물질은 암세 포에 선택 적으로 흡수되어 특정 파장의 빛을 홉수하여 다량의 ROS를 발생하여 암세 포의 사멸을 유도한다, 그러나 PDT 수행 시 ROS의 세 포내 작용에 따른 사띨 기전 이 영확히 알려지 지 않았고, 비 선 택 성으로 인한 정 상 세포애서의 피해 도 유발될 수 있다고 보고되었다 본 연 구애서 는 굉 감웅제인 He ma to por p h y rin을 이 용하여 구깅암 세포주인 He p2에서 광조사를 통한 세포 사멸 에 관한 연 구를 수행하였다 Confocal mi crosco py를 통한 분석에서 Hemato po r phyrin은 홉수 시 간에 따라 세포막에서 세 포질 핵 으로의 위치함을 관찰 할 수 있었고. 전기 영 동에 따른 DNA 분절 분석에서 24 시간이상 홉수된 상태 에서 ladder 패턴을 보임으로써 세 포 자띨사에 이 르는 만웅을 보였다 DCF - DA에 의힌 세 포내 ROS 분석 을 수행힌 결과 Hema to po rphyrin의 흡수 시간이 증가할수록 세포 내부에서의 ROS 발생이 증가함을 획 인 할 수 있었 다 이와 같은 결과에 따르면 Hematoporphyrin을 이용한 PDT에서 h ematoporphy ri n의 홉수 시 간에 따라 세 포 자띨사가 유도되었고. 특히 Hematoporphyrin은 흡수 시 간이 증가하여 세 포 내 부까지 충분히 Hematoporphyri n 이 작용된 경우에 서 ‘ ROS 발생애 따른 미 토콘드리아 의존적 경 로를 통해 세 포 자멸사가 유도되 었음을 확인 할 수 있었다-

3D Printed Sensors

Wonbong Choi 한국표면공학회 2023 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2023 No.11-1

The anti-inflammatory mechanism of 635 nm light-emitting-diode irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors

Lim, Wonbong,Lee, SungGa,Kim, Inae,Chung, Mina,Kim, Misook,Lim, Hoisoon,Park, Jinsoo,Kim, Okjoon,Choi, Hongran Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Lasers in surgery and medicine Vol.39 No.7

<B>Background and Objectives</B><P>Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) protects cells against cell injury in specific pathophysiological situations: inflammation and oxidative stress. Although the anti-inflammatory effects have been reported in clinical fields for specific wavelength irradiation during wound healing, the physiological mechanism has not been clarified yet. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 635 nm light-emitting-diode (LED) irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors.</P><B>Study Design/Materials and Methods</B><P>The present study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of 635 nm irradiation on PGE<SUB>2</SUB> release, COX and phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> (PLA<SUB>2</SUB>) expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dissociation in arachidonic acid (AA)-treated human gingival fibroblast (hGF). These results were compared with their existing COX inhibitors: indomethacin and ibuprofen. The PGE<SUB>2</SUB> release was measured by enzyme immunoassay, the COX expression was measured by western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and ROS level was measured by flow cytometry, laser scanning confocal microscope and RT-PCR.</P><B>Results</B><P>Results showed that 635 nm irradiation and existing COX inhibitors inhibit expression of COX and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> release. Unlike indomethacin and ibuprofen, 635 nm irradiation leads to a decrease of ROS levels and mRNA expression of cytosolic phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> (cPLA<SUB>2</SUB>) and secretary phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> (sPLA<SUB>2</SUB>).</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Taken together, 635 nm irradiation, unlike indomethacin and ibuprofen, can directly dissociate the ROS. This inhibits cPLA<SUB>2</SUB>, sPLA<SUB>2</SUB>, and COX expression, and results in the inhibition of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> release. Thus, we suggest that 635 nm irradiation inhibits PGE<SUB>2</SUB> synthesis like COX inhibitor and appears to be useful as an anti-inflammatory tool. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:614–621, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Dichloromethane fraction from <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>: DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibition and oral cancer cell death induction

Lim, WonBong,Kim, OkSu,Jung, JinAn,Ko, YoungJong,Ha, JooWon,Oh, HeeKyun,Lim, HoiSoon,Kwon, HyukIl,Kim, InAe,Kim, Jisun,Kim, MiSook,Kim, SeoYune,Kim, Byung-kuk,Kim, SunMi,Kang, Byung-Cheol,Choi, HongRa Informa Healthcare 2010 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.48 No.12

<P><I>Context:</I> A growing body of evidence shows that compounds of plant origin have the ability to prevent cancer. The fruit of gardenia, <I>Gardenia jasminoides</I> Ellis (Rubiaceae), has long been used as a food additive and herbal medicine, and its pharmacological actions, such as protective activity against oxidative damage, cytotoxic effect, and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity, have already been reported.</P><P><I>Objective:</I> The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibitor in various solvent fractions of <I>Gardenia</I> extract and examine the induction of oral cancer cell death upon treatment with <I>Gardenia</I> extract.</P><P><I>Materials and methods:</I> The methanol extract of <I>Gardenia</I> was partitioned with <I>n-</I>hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, <I>n-</I>butanol, and water.</P><P><I>Results:</I> In the DNA topoisomerase 1 assay, <I>n-</I>hexane and dichloromethane fractions inhibited topoisomerase 1 and led to a decrease in the cell viability of KB cells. The dichloromethane fraction (0.1 mg/mL) also showed 77% inhibition of cell viability in KB cells compared with HaCaT cells. Treatment with dichloromethane fraction led to apoptotic cell death as evidenced by flow cytometric analysis and morphological changes. In addition, treatment with <I>Gardenia</I> extract dichloromethane fraction led to the partial increase of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.</P><P><I>Conclusion:</I> Taken together, these results suggest that the dichloromethane fraction from <I>Gardenia</I> extract induces apoptotic cell death by DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibition in KB cells. These findings suggest the possibility that <I>Gardenia</I> extract could be developed as an anticancer modality.</P>

Nell as Male Fantasy of Transcendence over Death in The Old Curiosity Shop

Keh, Wonbong 서울대학교 영문화권연구소 1996 영문화권연구 Vol.1996 No.4

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated polyimides containing aliphatic linkages in the main chain

Jang, Wonbong,Kim, Dowan,Choi, Seunghyuk,Shul, Yong Gun,Han, Haksoo John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2006 Polymer international Vol.55 No.11

<P>A series of six-membered sulfonated polyimides with aliphatic linkages (SPIAs) was successfully synthesized using 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl 2,2′-disulfonic acid (BDSA) as the sulfonated diamine, and aliphatic diamines H<SUB>2</SUB>N(CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>n</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB> where n = 6, 8, 10, 12. These SPIAs were evaluated for thermal stability, ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, proton conductivity, and hydrolytic stability. Proton conductivity and hydrolytic stability of the SPIAs were compared with the fully aromatic polyimide (MDA-SPI) prepared from 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), BDSA, and NTDA. All the SPIAs exhibited high thermal stability. As the chain length of the aliphatic diamine decreased, the IEC and water uptake of the SPIAs increased. The SPIAs showed higher proton conductivity than commercially available membranes such as Nafion 117 at high temperatures and higher proton conductivity than MDA-SPI at all temperatures. All SPIAs exhibited a hydrolytic stability more than twice as high as that of MDA-SPI. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Residual stress and mechanical properties of polyimide thin films

Jang, Wonbong,Seo, Jongchul,Lee, Choonkeun,Paek, Sang-Hyon,Han, Haksoo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.113 No.2

<P>Four different structure polyimide thin films based on 1,4-phenylene diamine (PDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) were synthesized by using two different dianhydrides, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), and their residual stress behavior and mechanical properties were investigated by using a thin film stress analyzer and nanoindentation method. The residual stress behavior and mechanical properties were correlated to the morphological structure in polyimide films. The morphological structure of polyimide thin films was characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns and refractive indices. The residual stress was in the range of −5 to 38 MPa and increased in the following order: PMDA-PDA < BPDA-PDA < PMDA-ODA < BPDA-ODA. The hardness of the polyimide films increased in the following order: PMDA-ODA < BPDA-ODA < PMDA-PDA < BPDA-PDA. The PDA-based polyimide films showed relatively lower residual stress and higher hardness than the corresponding ODA-based polyimide films. The in-plane orientation and molecularly ordered phase were enhanced with the increasing order as follows: PMDA-ODA < BPDA-ODA < BPDA-PDA ∼ PMDA-PDA. The PDA-based polyimides, having a rigid structure, showed relatively better-developed morphological structure than the corresponding ODA-based polyimides. The residual stress behavior and mechanical properties were correlated to the morphological structure in polyimide films. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009</P>