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Oak-Kee Hong,Soon-Jib Yoo,Jang-Won Son,Mee-Kyoung Kim,Ki Hyun Baek,Ki-Ho Song,Bong-Yun Cha,Hanjoong Jo,Hyuk-Sang Kwon 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.2
Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia and/or free fatty acids (palmitate, PAL) aff ect the expression level of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a proatherogenic marker, in endothelial cells and the potential role of BMP4 in diabetic vascular complications. To measure BMP4 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose concentrations and/ or PAL for 24 or 72 h, and the effects of these treatments on the expression levels of adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. BMP4 loss-of-function status was achieved via transfection of a BMP4-specific siRNA. High glucose levels increased BMP4 expression in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. PAL potentiated such expression. The levels of adhesion molecules and ROS production increased upon treatment with high glucose and/or PAL, but this effect was negated when BMP4 was knocked down via siRNA. Signaling of BMP4, a proinfl ammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine marker, was increased by hyperglycemia and PAL. BMP4 induced the expression of infl ammatory adhesion molecules and ROS production. Our work suggests that BMP4 plays a role in atherogenesis induced by high glucose levels and/or PAL.
A Clinical Study on the Mechanical Ventilation during Anesthesia for Thoracotomy
Won Oak Kim,Jong Rae Kim,Kang Won Park Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine 1986 Acute and Critical Care Vol.1 No.1
This experimental study was done to understand the functional difference and variables thought to be important in deterring CO2 elimination and arterial oxygenation during HFJV and system J (System J means that an expiratory valve is attached to the expiratory port of the double lumen tube). In an experimental lung model, a plastic tube, simulating the trachea, was intubated with a double-lumen tracheal tube. Ventilation was performed with a solenoid valve controlled high frequency ventilator. Changing the inspiratory time and driving pressure during HFJV and system J can linearly alter the tidal volume and airway pressure. There was a significant difference in airway pressure between the two modes of high frequency ventilation at I: E ratios of 1: 2 and 1: 3. With air entrainment, HFJV provided more peak flow than system J and less FiO2 with an increasing driving pressure. Some functional characteristics of two high frequency ventilatory system using double-lumen tubes in a lung model are shown in this study.
Won Oak Kim,Jin Ho Kim,Yang Sik Shin,Chung Hyun Cho Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine 1987 Acute and Critical Care Vol.2 No.1
High frequency ventilation techniques re accepted for upper airway and intrathoracic surgery under general anesthesia, Good oxygenation and ventilation are achieved with good airway control and operative conditions. However, the jet ventilating system is of an open character with mandatory use of intravenous anesthesia. The present study was done to administer inhalation anesthetics (halothane) during high frequency ventilation. The high frequency injector was adapted to an angiocatheter with a swivel connector, while the entrainment orifice of the side port was connected to the anesthesia circuit to facilitate the administration of inhalation anesthetics. Variables thought to be important in determing the inspiratory peak halothane concentration and diluting inspiratory oxygen concentration for estimation of gaseous influx from the anesthesia circuit were evaluated in an experimental lung model. Changing the halothane concentration of the vaporizer(1,3,5%), ispiratory: expiratory (I:E) ratio(0.2: 0.2, 0.2: 0.4, 0.2: 0.6, 0.2: 0.8, 0.2: 1.0 sec.). driving gas pressure(DGP) (10,30,50 psi), the inspiratory peak halothane and oxygen concentration were measured, The results were analyzed to predict the association and relationship of the inspiratory peak halothane and oxygen concentration with each variable. Partial coefficient of halothane concentration of the vaporizer, I:E ratio, DGP were 0.7224,0.3724,0.3386 and R squares were 0.5219,0.6605, 0.7752 to the inspiratory peak halo- thane concentration. Partial coefficient of I:E ratio, DGP were- 0. 9386, 0.1138 and R squares were 0.8809,0.8939 to the inspiratory oxygen concentration, Halothane concentration of the vaporizer was the most associated factor to the inspiratory peak halothane concentration and I:E ratio to the inspiratory oxygen concentration. Clinically, if DGP and I:E ratio are determined, the halothane concentration of the vaporizer will be the predictor of the inspiratory halothane concentration. But in a. certain condition, the inspiratory peak halothane concentration could at be achieved to a proper level for maintaining anesthesia by this experimental model, In conclusion, most of the high frequency jet systems used clinically are of the open character allowing entrainment of additional gases and difficult to apply if volitile agents are to be used. Special predictable vaporiiers have to be developed to apply volitile agents in any situation of I:E ratio and DGF by this method of administering inhalation agents during high frequency jet ventilation.