誘發된 侵害에 대한 正當防衛

元瀅植 건국대학교 1998 학술논문집 : 건국대 대학원 Vol.46 No.1

Die Fa¨lle der provozierter Notwehrlage lassen rich nach der subjektiver Seite des Provokateurs in drei Konstellationen teilen: 1) Absichtsprovokation, 2) Vorsa¨tzliche Herbeifu¨hrung der Notwehrlage, 3) fahrla¨ssige Herbeifu¨hrung der Notwehrlage. Diese Fa¨11e ko¨nnen loch je nach der objektiven Qualita¨t des provoziernden Verhaltens in drei Foemen geteilt werden: Das provoziernde Verhalten int a) rechtma¨ßig odter sogar rechtlich geboten, b) rechtswidrig, c) rechtma¨ßig, abet sozialethisch mißbilligenswert. Die Ergebnisse der U¨berpriifu¨ng der Grundmuster, die lurch Kombination der objektiven unto suhjektiven Gegebenheiten erhalten werden, lassen rich folgendermaßen zusammenfassen: ① Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Rechtssicherheit ist die relativ klare Abgrenzung zwischen rechtma¨ßig/rechtswidrig der wenig griffigen Differenzierung in sozialethisch gobilligt/mißbilligenswert vorzuziehen . ② Es entspricht den allgemeinen Grundsa¨tzen des Strafrechts, daß Absichtsprovokation und vorsa¨tzliche Herbeifu¨hrung der Notwehrlage derselber Beurteilung unterliegen, weir unser Strafrecht grundsa¨tzlich zwischen Absicht und Vorsatz nicht unterscheidet, und bedingte Vorsatz als eine Art des Vorsatzes vie andere Arten des Vorsatzes gleich behandelt wird. ③ Wenn der Angriff durch rechtma¨ßiges Verhalten provoziert wird, ist die Verteidigung gegenu¨ber dem Angriff kein MiBbrauch des Notwehrrechts und wird deshalb gerechtfertigt, unabha¨ngig davon, ob der Angriff absichtlich, vorsa¨tzlich odor fahrla¨ssig provoziert wird. ④ In Fa¨11e der Angriffsprovokation durch rechtswidriges Verhalten kommt es bei der BeruteilBung des Rechtsmißbrauchs darauf an, ob der Angriff vermeidbar oder nicht. Wenn der Angrifr vermeidbar, stellt die Verteidigungshandlung einen Mißbrauch des Notwehrrechts dar und somit unangemessen. Wenn der Angrif unvermeidbar, wird die Vetorteidigung gerechtfertigt. ⑤ Ein entgu¨ltiges Urteil u¨ber die Tat des Provokateurs wird noch nicht gefa¨11t, wenn such die Verteidigung gegenu¨ber unvermeidbarem Angriff lurch Notwehr gerechtfertigt ist. Sein Vorverhalten, also provozierendes Verhalten muß noch nach dem Gedanken der actio illicita in causa gepru¨ft werden. Wenn der Provokateur den unvermeidbaren Angriff mix Absicht oder bedingtem Vorsatz provoziert, ist er wegen vorsa¨tzlicher Tat strafbar. Wenn der Provokateur die Herbeifu¨hrung der Notwehrlage nicht bewußt hat, aber diese voraussehbar war, so int or wegen Fahrla¨ssigkeit zu bestrafen.

사지의 주요 동맥손상의 처치: 23증례에 대한 분석

원형섭,김상은,배성만,박철완,이 근,조상훈,김상일,우병완 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Extremity vascular trauma is common in most emergency centers, and controversy remains about the optimal management of arterial injuries. Retrospectively we reviewed the records of 23 patients who had upper or lower extremity arterial trauma from July 1994 to December 1995. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our department`s management policy to major arterial injuries. The leading cause of major arterial injuries was penetrating trauma. We found that there were clinical findings such as absence of or decreased strength of pulsation(82.6%), cool ischemic extremity(69.6%), large expanding hematoma(43.5%), major bleeding(17.4%) and bruit or thill(8.7%). We gave the priority to management of life-threatening injuries and applied the pressure dressing to wounds as early as possible. There were 18 men(78.3%) and 5 women(21.7%); the mean age was 35(range 20-56 years old) years. There were 12 arterial injuries(52.2%) in the upper extremity and 11 arterial injuries(47.8%) in the lower exteremity. The most commonly injured artery was the brachial artery in the upper(34.8%) and the femoral artery in the lower(30.4%) extremity. The etiology included knife stabbing in 10 patients(43.5%), motor vehicle accidents in 6(26.1%), industrial accidents in 4(17.4%), falls in 2(8.7%) and a farm equipment accident in 1 patient(4.3%). The associated injuries were muscle injuries(78.3%), fracture(56.5%), nerve injuries(52.2%), vein injuries(43.5%), shock(17.4%) and dislocation(13.0%). All patients with arterial injuries were given a preoperative prophylactic antibiotic and TIG(tetanus immunoglobulin). We used Doppler technique as a means of detecting the blood flow. Fourteen patients(60.9%) underwent preoperative arteriography in the radiology department. We performed surgical exploration as soon as major arterial injuries were suspected. The most common methods of treating major arterial injuries were interposition vein graft(69.6%) and end to end anastomosis(21.7%). Systemic or locally infused heparin was used for all vascular repairs. In many of our patients(56.5%), fasciotomy was performed before the vascular repair, as a part of the exploration of the distal arteries. There were 2 amputations(8.7%) but no death. The reason for secondary amputation were wound infection in one and failure to achieve sufficient arterial flow to the involved extremity with resulting gangrene in the other. As the time factor is vitally important in the management of arterial injuries, we advocate prompt and early surgical treatment within 6 hours of the trauma. In conclusion, we believe that the crucial factorsin successful management of major arterial injuries of the extremities are early diagnosis, prompt treatment, complete debridement, fasciotomy when indicated, and simultaneous treatment of concomitant injuries.

스키어 준거집단에 따른 참여정도가 여가태도에 미치는 영향

원형중,김지수 이화여자대학교 체육대학 보건체육연구소 2002 이화체육논집 Vol.6 No.-

Skiing as recreational pursuits are gaining popularity and the numbers of recreational skiers are rapidly increasing. Korean literatures exploring the relationships among the potent variables that influence skiing experiences are founded in the field of leisure studies. This study attempted to build a causal model for Korean recreational skiers leisure attitudes by their significant reference groups. The subjects of this study is Leisure Attitude Scale developed by (Ragheb & Beard, 1982). In order to analyze date, this study employed Frequency analysis, Crosstabs and analysis of regression.. Based upon the results of analysis, the following conclusions appear warrented: 1. It has been different of skier reference as socio-domograpgic(sex, age, income) 2. Degree of participation(frequncy, period, intensity) has influenced on leisure attitude positively. Based upon the findings from this study and within limitations the researcher discussed the future directions for the enhancement of ski sports in general.

수열합성법에 의한 MLCC용 구형 니켈분말 제조

원창환,이종현,원형일,이혁희 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2006 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.44 No.3

흰쥐에서 척수신경 등쪽뿌리 절단후 척수 등쪽뿔의 substance P 및 calcitoningene-related peptide 함유 신경섬유에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

이원택,이명식,이종은,박경아 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.3

창의·인성 교육 실천을 위한 체육과 여가교육 모형 개발

원형중,김미혜,김의진,홍서연 이화여자대학교 동작과학연구소 2012 이화체육논집 Vol.14 No.-

지식 기반 사회는 새로운 지식과 가치를 창출하고 더불어 살 줄 아는 능력을 가진, ‘창의·인성적’ 인재를 원한다. 이에 2009 개정 교육과정은 창의․인성적 인재가 갖추어야 할 10가지 핵심역량을 제시하였고, 그 중 체육과 교육과정은 ‘문제해결능력’과 ‘자기관리능력’을 달성시키기에 적합한 교과로 분석되었다. 그러나 이것은 어디까지나 분석에 의한 결과일 뿐, 학교체육현장에서의 창의·인성 교육은 요원한 과제로 지적되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 체육과에서 지향하는 핵심가치들을 단순히 이해하는 것에서 나아가, 이러한 가치를 종합하고 창의적으로 조합할 수 있는 활용중심 교육으로 전환하기위하여 ‘창의·인성적 체육과 여가교육모형’을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2009 개정교육과정(총론) 및 체육과 교육과정의 틀을 기준으로 여가교육 관련 문헌자료를 고찰했고, 전문가 협의과정을 거쳤다. 그 결과, 여가수용능력과 여가활용능력을 중심으로 학군별, 범교과 영역별로 여가교육 프로그램 세부내용을 개발하였다. 이는 학교체육현장에서 적용 가능한 구체적인 수업모형으로써 공교육의 창의·인성적 체육교육실현에 기여할 것이다. People want a ‘creativity and character' talented person who can create new knowledge and value, with the ability to know how to live with. 10 core competencies was proposed in 2009 revised school curriculum, physical education(P.E.) curriculum was classified suitable for 'problem solving skills' and 'self-management skills’. However, it is only for analysis, 'creativity and character' education has been pointed out to the distant challenge in school field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a leisure education model in P.E. for the creativity and character education not only for the simply understand the core value in P.E., but also, change over to the practical-use-centered education which can be combined these values creatively. For this purpose, literature(related to leisure education) review was conducted around 2009 revised curriculum and framework of the P.E. curriculum, also a process of experts consultation was done. As a result, leisure education in P.E. level was divided into 3 steps, ‘leisure acceptance ability’, ‘leisure application ability’, ‘continuous leisure education’. Also leisure education program was developed classified by school district, focusing on ‘leisure acceptance ability’, ‘leisure application ability’

여가스포츠 참여자의 여가행태 및 여가정체성이 가족기능에 미치는 영향

원형중,박지선 이화여자대학교 동작과학연구소 2012 이화체육논집 Vol.14 No.-

이 연구는 여가스포츠 참여자의 여가행태 및 여가정체성이 가족기능에 미치는 영향을 파악함으로써 가족공동체 안에서의 진지한 여가가 갖는 의미를 해석 하는데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 여가스포츠참여자 320명을 대상으로 ‘여가정체성’과 ‘가족기능’척도를 이용한 설문지를 배포하였고, 최종분석에 사용된 설문지는 총 295부 이며 자료 분석을 위한 방법으로 차이검증과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해서 여가스포츠 참여자의 여가행태가 여가정체성에 미치는 영향이 규명되었고, 그들의 여가행태와 여가정체성은 가족기능에 부분적으로 부정적인 영향을 미침이 확인되었다. 이는 여가행태의 특정한 경향을 보이는 개인에게 있어서는 지금까지 선행연구들이 밝힌 가족기능에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 여가활동 요인이외에도 부정적인 영향을 미치는 요인들이 있음을 증명하며, 가족여가활동의 개선안이 필요함을 제시하는 근거로 활용 할 수 있다 The purpose of this study was to interpret and understand the meaning of serious leisure within family by examining effects of leisure style and leisure identity on family function. In order to achieve this research purpose, questionnaires using scales of 'leisure identity' and 'family function' were administered to 320 participants in leisure sports and total 295 papers of them were used for the final analysis. The primary data analyses used in this study were t-test and regression analysis. Through the results, effects of leisure style of participants in serious leisure were examined and it was identified that leisure style and leisure identity of participants had negative effects on family function. These results demonstrate that there are another factors having negative effects on family function, except for factors of leisure activity having positive effects on it, which previous studies have verified and the study results are able to be used as sources to suggest that improvements of family leisure activity.

논문 : 국내 시중은행의 원/달러 환율 예측력 분석

형남원 ( Nam Won Hyung ),전형철 ( Hyun Chol Jeon ) 명지대학교 금융지식연구소 2010 금융지식연구 Vol.8 No.3

국내의 일부 은행은 매일 오전 외환시장의 동향에 대한 정보를 제공하면서 환율의 금일변동의 예상범위를 제시하고 있다. 본고에서는 그 중 한 일반은행을 택하여 금일예상범위에서 제시된 일별 원/달러 환율의 예측치의 예측력을 분석하고, 시계열모형을 통한 예측력의 개선방안에 대해 연구하였다. 이 은행에서 제시하는 환율예측치를 벤치마크로 삼아 ARMA모형, GARCH모형, 지수평활화, 임의보행모형 등의 시계열모형의 예측치와 비교·분석하였다. 리먼 브라더스의 파산으로 촉발된 2008년 하반기의 국제금융의 위기로 인한 환율의 급격한 변동을 반영한 분석도 시도하였다. 예측의 편의성(biasness)을 검정하기 위한 MFE 통계량, 예측력의 우월성을 비교하는 RMSFE 통계량, 예측력의 통계적 차이를 검정하기위해 Diebold and Mariano 검정방법, 환율변동 방향에 대한 예측력을 검정하기 위해 DOC기준을 각각 사용하였다. 분석 결과 이 은행의 예측치가 다른 시계열 예측치보다 우수한 예측력을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 국제금융위기로 변동성이 심해진 기간을 감안한 분석의 결과도 비슷하게 나타났다. 이 은행의 예측치와 시계열 모형 예측치를 반영하는 결합예측치를 만드는 경우 은행의 예측치가 가지는 편의성이 대폭 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 예측력도 제한적인 범위에서 개선이 있는 경우도 나타났다. 특히 변동방향의 예측에서 상당한 정도의 개선이 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study investigates the performance of a major commercial bank in Korea in terms of forecasting daily exchange rates. The paper suggests several alternative forecasting methods based on time series models, including ARMA, GARCH, GARCH with a structural break, exponential smoothing, the random walk model. The out-of-sample forecasting performance of the bank`s forecasting method was compared with that of the alternative forecasting methods by using the root mean squared forecast error (RMSFE) and the direction of change (DOC). The results indicate that the bank`s forecasting method has a clear advantage over the alternative methods. However, the bank`s forecasting method offers no advantage in terms of the mean forecast error (MFE). The forecasting methods were then combined to improve forecasting performance. The results do not provide evidence of such an improvement in terms of the MSFE but indicate a significant reduction in forecast bias and an increase in forecasting performance in terms of the DOC.

큐빅 다이아몬드의 에너지 밴드 측정

한성원,홍진수,배형철 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2011 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

Photonic band gaps(PBG) are investigated for cubic diamond composed of dielectric spheres and air spheres. It was found that PBGs exist in both cases. PBGs lie between the 2nd-3rd, 8th-9th and 14th-15th band for dielectric spheres and the 2th-3th band for air spheres.

유화제 첨가량이 MMA/BA 합성 라텍스 폴리머 시멘트 모르타르의 특성에 미치는 영향

형원길,조영철,장성주,김완기,소양섭 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of the emulsifier ratio on properties of the polymer modified mortar using methylmethacrylate-buthyl acrylate(MMA/BA) latexes, and to obtain basic data necessary to develope appropriate latexes for cement modifiers. Polymer modified mortars using MMA/BA latexes are prepared with various monomer ratios, and tested for air content, flexural and compressive strengths. From the test results. we knew that the water-cement ratio is decreased with an increase in the amount of emulsifier. And the air content is increase with an increase in the polymer cement ratios. In general, the superior compressive and flexural strength of polymer-modified mortars using MMIA/GA latexes is obtained ant a bound MMA content of 80 percent and a emulsifier ratio of 6 percent.