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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Wolfgram, Matthew S (검색결과 3 건)
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Visualizing the imagined community: History, memory and politics in Germany
Wolfgram, Mark Allen The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2001 해외박사(DDOD)
Popular and general scholarly perceptions of the German encounter with the Nazi past, for both East and West Germany since 1945, have tended to emphasize a pervasive silence in both societies until the late 1970s. This perception is mistaken, but understandable as the Nazi past has often been equated with the Holocaust. In this dissertation, I have looked for the uniquely German encounter with the Nazi past. I have examined German narratives of the Nazi years and how these images of the past have changed over time. Instead of a refusal to engage the history of National Socialism, I have shown that Germans almost compulsively engaged this history, but from a uniquely German perspective. Elites, civic groups, and individuals struggle to change the representation of the nation over time, as mastery of a nation's historical narrative is a rare limited resource as real as any economic good. With this dissertation, I have studied the transformation across time of four historical events within the East and West German national traditions since 1945: (1) the 20 July 1944 attempt to assassinate Hitler, (2) the 8 May 1945 surrender, (3) the 17 June 1953 uprising in East Berlin and (4) the 9 November 1938 Kristallnacht. Each event highlights what I have termed a discursive field. (1) collaboration-resistance, (2) defeat-liberation, (3) unity-division, and (4) victim-perpetrator. Rather than a general silence vis-à-vis the Nazi past, one can see that both German societies were actively engaged in creating two central political myths of the Nazi era. First, East and West German television, film, and newspapers constructed a narrative of a terror-state which eliminated all possible resistance. Second, a mythical narrative barrier was constructed between the “good” Germans and the “evil” Nazis. Both of the myths have faced serious challenges in recent years. They were once a source of political power for the Nazi generation, and the partial collapse of the two myths has weakened their grip on the German interpretation of National Socialist era.
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Wolfgram, Susan Margaret University of Minnesota 2005 해외박사(DDOD)
There is little research that examines attitudes contributing to change in contact within open adoption arrangements. This investigation drew from the first and second waves of data collected from the Minnesota-Texas Adoption Research Project. Data from 50 adoptive mothers and 50 adoptive fathers involved in ongoing-mediated open adoption arrangements were compared from wave one to wave two by analyzing the individual Adoptive Parent Interviews. This study investigated whether adoptive parents' attitudes toward their child's birthmother could account for one set of adoptive parents moving from ongoing-mediated arrangements to stopping contact with the birthmother, one set remaining ongoing-mediated, and one set of adoptive parents moving from ongoing-mediated arrangements to fully-disclosed arrangements with the birthmother. Discriminant function analysis found that, for adoptive mothers, empathy toward the birthmother, acknowledgment of difference of the adoptive family, and satisfaction with control in the present, did not predict changes in contact or discriminate between the three groups (data from adoptive fathers could not be used in the final analyses because of lack of variance in some predictors). Approximately 86% of the variance between the groups was accounted for by other factors. An exploratory post-hoc qualitative analysis was performed with three adoptive mother interviews, one from each group and controlled for responses, to identify other emergent factors that may have accounted for the changes in contact. These factors included the role of the mediator, structural changes within the adoptive and birth families, developmental changes in the adopted child, and other life events and stressors within the adoptive kinship network.
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Ayurveda in the age of biomedicine: Discursive asymmetries and counter-strategies
Wolfgram, Matthew S University of Michigan 2009 해외박사(DDOD)
Since the beginning of the British colonial enterprise in India the representation of the relationship between Western biomedicine and Ayurveda has been based on a fundamental epistemological asymmetry. However much Ayurveda was represented in Orientalist literature as accurate, poetic, useful, scholarly, or interesting, it could never occupy with authority the privileged place of the scientific that was central to the rhetoric of colonial rationality. In postcolonial India the practice of Ayurveda, its textual and intellectual production, socialization, treatment, public health education, scientific debate, research, and pharmaceutical commerce, all take place in the shadow of this biomedical hegemony. This dissertation analyzes the historical contingencies of this asymmetry, its instantiation in the discursive practices of contemporary Ayurveda practitioners, and the counter-strategies developed and deployed in the context of Ayurveda's scientific modernization and institutionalization. First, I describe the textual codification of this asymmetrical disciplinary alignment in the genre of British colonial compendia of materia medica, and the efforts of anti-colonial apologists to regiment the two disciplines as separate yet equal approaches to a unified human body, an ideology which I call medical parallelism. Next, I describe the social effects of this ideology at Ayurveda institutions in Kerala, focusing in particular on how Ayurveda's disciplinary boundaries are organized by practices of pedagogy, displays of expertise, and scientific debate. Lastly, I describe the current transformations of Ayurveda's disciplinary boundaries through the commodification and globalization of Ayurveda drugs. My analysis throughout the dissertation focuses on the production, ideologization, and institutionalization of discursive action, which I argue, effect the stabilization of the function of linguistic reference as a medium of ideological signs. This stabilization of ideological reference, I argue, is a semiotic condition of the macro-historical processes of Ayurveda's modernization, institutionalization, and commodification. Thus, this dissertation demonstrates an approach to history that centers on the discourse-pragmatic underpinnings of large-scale social change. In the conclusion of this dissertation I address this discourse-pragmatic analysis of Ayurveda's postcolonial history to the challenge of formulating a critical discourse of modernity that can account for the diversity of the kinds of experiences and historical processes often glossed as "modernization.".
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