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Lee, Hwa Jeong,Pardridge, Wiliam M. 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2003 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.12
The 528 murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was sequentially cationized with hexamethylenediamine and conjugated with diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a potential antibody radiopharmaceutical for imaging EGFR-expressing cancer. The cationized 528 MAb was characterized with isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis, and an immunoradiometric assay, which showed the affinity of the 528 MAb for the human EGFR was retained following cationization. The native or cationized 528 MAb, labeled with ^(111)In, was injected intravenously in scid mice bearing human U87 flank tumors, which express the EGFR. and tumor imaging was performed with both external detection in live animals and with whole body autoradiography. However, the tumor signal was not increased with the cationized MAb, relative to the native MAb, and this was due to a serum inhibition phenomenon that was confirmed by a pharmacokinctics analysis in control mice. In an attempt to block the serum inhibition, the cationized 528 MAb was pegylated with 2000 Da poly(ethylene glycol), and the cationized/pegylated MAb was conjugated with DTPA and labeled with ^(111)In. However, a pharmacokinetics analysis showed the pegylation did not reverse the serum inhibition of the cationic charge on the MAb. These studies describe methods for reformulating monoclonal antibodies to develop improved radiophamaceuticals, but show that radiolabeling a cationized MAb with DTPA produces a serum neutralization of the initial cationization modification.
Marcelo L. Silva,Wiliam A. Prado,Josie R.T. Silva 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.1
This study examined whether or not the antinociceptive effect of 2- or 100-Hz electroacupuncture (EA) depends on the integrity of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Rats were taken for determination of tail-flick latency before and after injection of saline or 2%lidocaine (0.25 ml) into the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) bilaterally. Five minutes later, they were submitted to a 20-minute period of 2 Hz, 100 Hz, or sham EA at the Zusanli and Sanyinjiao acupoints bilaterally, and tail-flick latency was measured within 30 seconds after the end of stimulation and at 5-minute intervals for up to 30 minutes. EA at a frequency of either 2 or 100 Hz induced a strong and long-lasting inhibition of the tail-flick reflex in rats treated with saline (0.25 ml) injected into the RSC. The analgesia produced by 2-Hz EA lasted for a shorter time in lidocaine-treated rats. By contrast,RSC impairment did not change the analgesic effect of 100 Hz EA. The integrity of the RSC is implicated in the duration of analgesia induced by low-frequency EA but is not essential for the analgesic effects evoked by high-frequency EA.
Ravena C. de Carvalho,Julia R. Parisi,Wiliam A. Prado,Joa˜o E. de Arau´jo,Andreia M. Silva,Josie R.T. Silva,Marcelo L. Silva 사단법인약침학회 2018 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.11 No.2
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of one or multiple sessions of electroacupuncture (EA) in patients with chronic low back pain. The outcome measures were visual analog score (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), Roland Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ), low back skin temperature, surface electromyography of longissimus muscle (contraction/rest) and blood cytokines. After examination (AV0), patients were submitted to EA (2 Hz, 30 minutes, bilaterally at the SP6, BL23, BL31, BL32, BL33, and BL60) and were revaluated after one week (AV1). Patients with VAS <3 (VAS <3 group, n = 20) were directed to return after three weeks (AV2). Patients with VAS >3 (VAS >3 group, n = 20) were submitted to one weekly EA-treatment and revaluated after three weeks (AV2). The VAS <3 group showed a significant reduction in VAS and MPQ and increased PPT in AV1, but not in AV2. No significant differences were found in RMDQ. The VAS >3 group showed reduction in VAS and increased PPT in AV1 and a reduction in MPQ and RMDQ only in AV2. No significant differences were found in electromyography, temperature or cytokines. Thus, despite 2Hz-EA is effective reducing low back pain, some patients only experienced reduced pain intensity and improved functional capacity after full treatment.
Marcelo Lourenço Silva,Josie Resende Torres Silva,Wiliam Alves Prado 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.4
Preemptive analgesia involves introducing an analgesic before noxious stimulation. Electroacupuncture (EA) activates descending mechanisms that modulate nociceptive inputs into the spinal dorsal horn. This study evaluated whether preoperative EA is more effective than postoperative EA in reducing incision pain in rats. The nociceptive threshold to mechanical stimulation was utilized to examine the effects of an intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.1 mL/kg) or naloxone (1 mg/kg) on antinociception induced by a 20-minute period of 2-Hz or 100-Hz EA applied to the Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints before surgical incision, or 10 minutes after or 100 minutes after surgical incision of the hind paw. The extent of mechanical hyperalgesia after the incision was significantly attenuated by the application of 100-Hz EA preoperatively, but not by its application at 10 minutes or 100 minutes postoperatively. By contrast, 2-Hz EA was effective against postoperative hyperalgesia when applied 10 minutes or 100 minutes after surgery but not when it was applied preoperatively. Only the effect of 2-Hz EA applied 10 minutes after surgery was sensitive to naloxone. The present study showed for the first time that 100-Hz EA, but not 2-Hz EA, exerts a nonopioidergic preemptive effect against postincision pain in rats.