<i>Olpidiopsis</i> sp., an oomycete from Madagascar that infects <i>Bostrychia</i> and other red algae: Host species susceptibility

West, John A.,Klochkova, Tatyana A.,Kim, Gwang Hoon,Loiseaux-de Goë,r, Susan Blackwell Publishing Asia 2006 Phycological research Vol.54 No.1

<P>SUMMARY</P><P><I>Olpidiopsis</I> sp. (Oomycota) was cultured with its original host <I>Bostrychia moritziana</I> (Sonder ex Kützing) J. Agardh from Madagascar. Bean-shaped zoospores with two heterokont flagella attached to the host cell wall surface and in 2 days host cells began collapsing and one or more syncytia developed in each infected cell. Zoospores were cleaved and an exit tube with a small plug was formed. Complete development and zoospore discharge occurred in 3 days. Infection occurred in cells of polysiphonous branches, monosiphonous branches, rhizoids and reproductive stichidia. Dead cells of plants treated with microwave were not infected. Susceptibility was variable in other <I>Bostrychia</I> species from different countries. <I>Bostrychia moritziana</I> (Sonder ex Kützing) J. Agardh<I>,</I> and <I>Bostrychia radicans</I> (Montagne) Montagne from Madagascar were susceptible but one <I>Bostrychia tenella</I> (J. V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh isolate from Madagascar was susceptible and two were not. <I>B. radicosa</I> (Itono) J. A. West, G. C. Zuccarello et M. Hommersand isolates from Madagascar, Thailand, Australia and New Caledonia were susceptible but an isolate from Malaysia was not. <I>B. radicans</I> isolates from Mexico and Brazil were non-susceptible as were <I>Bostrychia flagellifera</I> Post, <I>Bostrychia harveyi</I> Montagne, <I>Bostrychia montagnei</I> Harvey, <I>Bostrychia simpliciuscula</I> Harvey ex J. Agardh<I>, Bostrychia tenuissima</I> R. J. King et Puttock<I>, Stictosiphonia intricata</I>(Bory de Saint-Vincent) P. C. Silva, <I>Stictosiphonia kelanensis</I> (Grunow) R. J. King et Puttock and <I>Stictosiphonia tangatensis</I> (Post) R. J. King et Puttock, <I>Lophosiphonia</I> sp., <I>Neosiphonia</I> sp. and <I>Polysiphonia</I> spp. isolates were also non-susceptible. Many non-susceptible strains showed initial cell-collapse followed by rapid wound-repair cell formation without syncytia or sporangia developing. <I>Caloglossa leprieurii</I> (Montagne) G. Martens from Madagascar showed cell-collapse and wound-repair in periaxial cells, but wing cells died and became purple without wound-repair. <I>Caloglossa ogasawaraensis</I> Okamura and <I>Caloglossa postiae</I> M. Kamiya et R. J. King had no symptoms of infection. <I>Dasysiphonia chejuensis</I> I. K. Lee et J. A. West was not infected. Surprisingly, the conchocelis phase but not the blade phase of <I>Porphyra pulchella</I> J. A.West, G. C. Zuccarello and <I>Porphyra suborbiculata</I> Kjellman was infected. The conchocelis of <I>Porphyra tenera</I> Kjellman and <I>Porphyra linearis</I> Greville were infected but no blade stages were tested. <I>Porphyra miniata</I> (C. Agardh) C. Agardh and <I>Porphyra dentata</I> Kjellman conchocelis were not infected. <I>Bangia atropurpurea</I> (Roth) C. Agardh gametophyte filaments were not infected. Other red, brown and green algae were not infected. Time lapse videomicroscopy of development and spore release was done.</P>

Reproduction of Rhodochorton purpureum from Jeju Island, Korea and SanJuan Island, Washington, USA in Laboratory Culture

West, Kathryn A.,West, John A.,Lee, Yong-Pil The Korean Society of Phycology 2006 ALGAE Vol.21 No.1

Rhodochorton purpureum 4187 from Jeju Island, Korea may have a sexual life history similar to that seen by other investigators working on other strains around the world. In culture short days (8:16, 11:13, 12:12 LD) at 10-15°C induced tetrasporogenesis. Discharged spores were observed with time lapse videomicroscopy. They showed a slight amoeboid movement for 2-3 minutes before rounding up and settling. Tetrasporelings develop into male and female gametophytes. No fertilisation was observed. Tetrasporangia often were borne on carpogonial clusters of females but no discharged spores were seen. Isolate 4241 from San Juan I., Washington, USA grew well in most conditions tested but did not reproduce in short days (8:16, 11:13, 12:12 LD) at 10-15°C.

[Corrigendum]On the genus Rhodella, the emended orders Dixoniellales and Rhodellales with a new order Glaucosphaerales (Rhodellophyceae, Rhodophyta) (26: 277-288)

John A. West 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.1

The order Glaucosphaerales proposed by E. C. Yang, J. L. Scott, S. Y. Yoon and J. A. West required a Latin diagnosis as it was published in 2011, prior to the new rules adopted by the International Congress at Melbourne in August 2011. From January 1, 2012, taxa are validly published when a Latin or an English description or diagnosis is provided (Knapp et al. 2011). Thus, the English description below is intended to validate the name Glaucosphaerales. Typification of the order is also a requirement of the Code.

Reproduction of Rhodochorton purpureum from Jeju Island, Korea and SanJuan Island, Washington, USA in Laboratory Culture

Kathryn A. West,이용필,John A. West 한국조류학회I 2006 ALGAE Vol.21 No.1

Rhodochorton purpureum 4187 from Jeju Island, Korea may have a sexual life history similar to that seen by other investigators working on other strains around the world. In culture short days (8:16, 11:13, 12:12 LD) at 10-15°C induced tetrasporogenesis. Discharged spores were observed with time lapse videomicroscopy. They showed a slight amoeboid movement for 2-3 minutes before rounding up and settling. Tetrasporelings develop into male and female gametophytes. No fertilisation was observed. Tetrasporangia often were borne on carpogonial clusters of females but no discharged spores were seen. Isolate 4241 from San Juan I., Washington, USA grew well in most conditions tested but did not reproduce in short days (8:16, 11:13, 12:12 LD) at 10-15°C.

Ultrastructural observations of vegetative cells of two new genera in the Erythropeltidales (Compsopogonophyceae, Rhodophyta): Pseudoerythrocladia and Madagascaria

Scott, Joseph L.,Orlova, Evguenia,West, John A. The Korean Society of Phycology 2010 ALGAE Vol.25 No.1

Two new genera of red algae, Madagascaria erythrocladioides West et Zuccarello and Pseudoerythrocladia kornmannii West et Kikuchi (Erythropeltidales, Compsopogonophyceae, Rhodophyta), were previously described using molecular analysis and confocal microscopy of isolates in laboratory culture. We examined the ultrastructure of both genera to compare with ultrastructure of other members of the class Compsopogonophyceae. Both genera had Golgi bodies not associated with mitochondria and chloroplasts with a peripheral encircling thylakoid similar to all other members of the class studied thus far. Confocal autofluorescence images showed that Madagascaria has a single round central pyrenoid while Pseudoerythrocladia has no pyrenoid. Our electron microscopic work confirms these initial observations. Tables and keys are presented that assist in interpreting cellular details of genera in the class Compsopogonophyceae.

Ultrastructural observations of vegetative cells of two new genera in the Erythropeltidales (Compsopogonophyceae, Rhodophyta): Pseudoerythrocladia and Madagascaria

Joseph L. Scott,Evguenia Orlova,John A. West 한국조류학회I 2010 ALGAE Vol.25 No.1

Two new genera of red algae, Madagascaria erythrocladioides West et Zuccarello and Pseudoerythrocladia kornmannii West et Kikuchi (Erythropeltidales, Compsopogonophyceae, Rhodophyta), were previously described using molecular analysis and confocal microscopy of isolates in laboratory culture. We examined the ultrastructure of both genera to compare with ultrastructure of other members of the class Compsopogonophyceae. Both genera had Golgi bodies not associated with mitochondria and chloroplasts with a peripheral encircling thylakoid similar to all other members of the class studied thus far. Confocal autofluorescence images showed that Madagascaria has a single round central pyrenoid while Pseudoerythrocladia has no pyrenoid. Our electron microscopic work confirms these initial observations. Tables and keys are presented that assist in interpreting cellular details of genera in the class Compsopogonophyceae.

계면활성제를 이용한 오염된 토양의 복원

WEST, CANDIDA C.,HARWELL, JEFFREY H. 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏報 Vol.7 No.1

Flora of drift plastics: a new red algal genus, Tsunamia transpacifica(Stylonematophyceae) from Japanese tsunami debris in the northeast Pacific Ocean

West, John A.,Hansen, Gayle I.,Hanyuda, Takeaki,Zuccarello, Giuseppe C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.4

Floating debris provides substrates for dispersal of organisms by ocean currents, including algae that thrive on plastics. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Tohuku, Japan resulted in large amounts of debris carried by the North Pacific Current to North America from 2012 to 2016. In 2015-2016, the plastics in the debris bore a complex biota including pink algal crusts. One sample (JAW4874) was isolated into culture and a three-gene phylogeny (psbA, rbcL, and SSU) indicated it was an unknown member of the red algal class Stylonematophyceae. It is a small pulvinate crust of radiating, branched, uniseriate filaments with cells containing a single centrally suspended nucleus and a single purple to pink, multi-lobed, parietal plastid lacking a pyrenoid. Cells can be released as spores that attach and germinate to form straight filaments by transverse apical cell divisions, and subsequent longitudinal and oblique intercalary divisions produce masses of lateral branches. This alga is named Tsunamia transpacifica gen. nov. et sp. nov. Sequencing of additional samples of red algal crusts on plastics revealed another undescribed Stylonematophycean species, suggesting that these algae may be frequent on drift oceanic plastics.

A new species of Bangiopsis: B. franklynottii sp. nov. (Stylonematophyceae, Rhodophyta) from Australia and India and comments on the genus

West, John A.,de Goer, Susan Loiseaux,Zuccarello, Giuseppe C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2014 ALGAE Vol.29 No.2

Small red algae, especially those previously referred to as 'primitive' are often overlooked, but can be quite abundant. These 'primitive' red algae are now placed in several classes distinct from the Florideophyceae, for example the Stylonematophyceae. A brownish-red filamentous alga was collected from a sandy tide pool at Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia. Cultured specimens were identified as Bangiopsis and conformed to the morphological characters of the genus (multicellular base, erect filaments branched or unbranched, uniseriate to multiseriate-tubular, single multilobed purple-red to red-brown plastid with central pyrenoid, vegetative cells released directly as spores). Molecular data of two plastid genes (rbcL, psbA) support placement of the Australian isolate and isolates from India in Bangiopsis. The genetic variation between these isolates and isolates from Puerto Rico previously attributed to B. subsimplex indicates that these should be considered as a separate species. As the type locality is in the Atlantic Ocean, French Guiana, and not far from Puerto Rico, and the Puerto Rican isolate has been used often in phylogenetic analyses, we propose that the Indian and Pacific Ocean isolates be designated a new species, B. franklynottii, to acknowledge Ott's many years of research on inconspicuous freshwater and marine red algae. Our research also highlights the lack of careful descriptions in many of the records of this genus and the lack of morphological characters to distinguish species. Especially within the morphologically simple red algae, morphological distinctness does not necessarily reflect evolutionary divergences.

New Techniques for Fabrication of Flexible Plastic LCD's

West, John.L.,Novotny, Grea R.,Fisch, Michael R.,Heinman, David The Korean Infomation Display Society 2001 Journal of information display Vol.2 No.4

We report simple techniques to manufacture low-powered, high-resolution, reflective cholesteric displays using flexible plastic substrates. We use wax transfer printing to replace photo-lithography and incorporate polymer walls to increase the mechanical strength and lifetime of the displays. These printing methods can easily be adapted to roll-to-roll production.