Student Speech:

Were. Kevin T. 영상영어교육학회 2017 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.18 No.2

The results of research into the language learning potential of two forms of computermediated communication (CMC) — asynchronous email and synchronous chat —have indicated that there are a number of advantages to the use of these forms of language production, both in terms of language produced and learner attitudes. This research focused on a detailed analysis of the language production of three classes of Korean freshman university students to assess how their language varied across the three forms of spoken language, email and synchronous chat. Class A wrote emails to each other, Class B communicated through synchronous chat, and students from Class C were recorded during small group conversations. The language was then analyzed for complexity and accuracy, and compared across a range of variables. The results showed that there was not a clear distinction between language produced in asynchronous email, language produced in synchronous chat, and language produced when engaging in face-to-face communication. There were no clearly identifiable features to suggest they formed distinct language categories. Accordingly, it is suggested that other factors, such as task type and purpose of communication, may have as much influence on the language produced as the particular form in which it occurs.

Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Related Wild Species in East Africa

Nyongesa, Benson Ouma,Were, Beatrice Ang'iyo,Gudu, Samuel,Dangasuk, Otto George,Onkware, Augustino Osoro 한국작물학회 2013 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.16 No.1

Genetic diversity of traditional sesame landraces and related wild species in East Africa remains largely unexplored. Knowing what fraction of the available genetic diversity is actually used by the farmers is of central importance for understanding how cultivation shapes the genetic structure of a crop and for the management of biodiversity preservation. Genetic diversity in cultivated sesame and related wild species in East Africa was determined using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Six reliable ISSR primers generated 51 amplification fragments of which 36 (70.6%) were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments ranged from 7 to 12 with a mean of 8.5 fragments per primer. The overall gene diversity and Shannon's index were 0.28 and 0.34, Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.26 to 0.96, with an average of 0.67. Forty-six accessions of sesame were divided into six clusters, although the clustering did not indicate any clear division among sesame accessions based on their geographical locations. Each wild species was more distant from cultivated sesame than from other wild species, indicating that no cross-pollination with these wild species occurred during sesame domestication. These results showed a relatively high genetic diversity in sesame and related wild species. Indian-1 and Indian-2 accessions showed a good amount of genetic divergence. The genetic diversity data uncovered in this study can be exploited to improve traditional landraces of sesame in East Africa.

Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Related Wild Species in East Africa

Benson Ouma Nyongesa,Beatrice Angiyo Were,Samuel Gudu,Otto George Dangasuk,Augustino Osoro Onkware 한국작물학회 2013 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.16 No.1

Genetic diversity of traditional sesame landraces and related wild species in East Africa remains largely unexplored. Knowing what fraction of the available genetic diversity is actually used by the farmers is of central importance for understanding how cultivation shapes the genetic structure of a crop and for the management of biodiversity preservation. Genetic diversity in cultivated sesame and related wild species in East Africa was determined using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Six reliable ISSR primers generated 51 amplification fragments of which 36 (70.6%) were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments ranged from 7 to 12 with a mean of 8.5 fragments per primer. The overall gene diversity and Shannon’s index were 0.28 and 0.34, Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.26 to 0.96, with an average of 0.67. Forty-six accessions of sesame were divided into six clusters, although the clustering did not indicate any clear division among sesame accessions based on their geographical locations. Each wild species was more distant from cultivated sesame than from other wild species, indicating that no cross-pollination with these wild species occurred during sesame domestication. These results showed a relatively high genetic diversity in sesame and related wild species. Indian-1 and Indian-2 accessions showed a good amount of genetic divergence. The genetic diversity data uncovered in this study can be exploited to improve traditional landraces of sesame in East Africa.

Occurrence of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) Infecting Peanut in Korea

최홍수,전정욱,최장경,김미경,박진우,김국형,김정수,Hassan Karakacha Were,Yoichi Takanami 한국식물병리학회 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.1

A virus causing vein banding, sometimes yellow mosaic and rugose symptoms on peanut was prevalent around Suwon, Korea. A survey conducted in the area found disease incidence, depending on cultivar, to range from 79 to 100%. The virus was found to be seed-transmissible in all the five peanut cultivars tested with transmission rates ranging from 2 to 16%. Host range analysis failed to differentiate 9 field isolates collected from different peanuts cultivars showing various symptoms. Inclusion bodies such as scroll, pinwheel and long laminated aggregates induced by the virus in host plant cells were similar to those induced by members of the Potyvirus subdivision III. The virus showed < 95% homology with Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), BCMV-BICMV/AzMV strains and only < 91% with Desmodium mosaic virus. Based on biological characterization, electron microscopy and molecular analyses of a Korean isolate (Daewon 1), the virus was identified as peanut stripe strain of BCMV.

Characteristics of Potato virus Y Isolated from Paprika in Korea

최홍수,김미경,박진우,김국형,고숙주,최장경,Su-Heon Lee,Hassan Karakacha Were,Yoichi Takanami 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

A virus isolate collected from infected paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) was characterized as Potato virus Y (PVY) based on biological, serological, cytopathological, and molecular properties. In host range studies, the paprika isolate produced the mosaic symptom on some tobacco, tomato and pepper (Capsicum annuum). A new paprika isolate also infected potato cultivars which is different biological characteristic compared to the other popular potyvirus infecting paprika, Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). Previously reported PVY strains, PVYO and PVYN did not infect pepper and typical PepMoV isolates did not infect potato. Distinctive inclusion patterns of the scroll, pinwheel, long laminated inclusions, and helper components in the cytoplasm of infected cells were also different to those observed by the typical PVY isolate infections. However, the paprika isolate reacted to the monoclonal antibody of PVYN strain with high absorbance readings. RT-PCR amplification, cloning,and sequencing of the 3' untranslated region and a part of coat protein gene also added additional evidence of the paprika isolate as the PVYN-related isolate. Multiple alignments as well as cluster dendrograms of PVYpaprika isolate revealed close phylogenetic relationship to the PVYN subgroup. Altogether, these results suggest that a new PVY isolate infecting paprika contained distinct characteristics compared to the other previously described PVY strains with closer relationship to the PVYN strain.

First Report of the Peanut Stripe Strain of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMVPSt)Infecting Mungbean in Korea

최홍수,박진우,김국형,이수헌,김정수,김미경,최장경,Hassan Karakacha Were,Yoichi Takanami 한국식물병리학회 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.1

A virus causing chlorotic ringspot, yellow mosaic and vein clearing symptoms was prevalent on mungbean plants around Taean, Korea. The isolate caused mosaic on Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, Phaseolus vulgaris and Vicia faba but no symptoms on peanut plants. Inclusion bodies such as scroll, pinwheel and laminated aggregates induced by the virus in the host cells were similar to those produced by members of the Potyvirus subdivision III. Multiple alignment as well as cluster dendrograms of the 709 nucleotide region comprising part of the coat protein gene and 3'- untranslated region (UTR) showed that the isolate belongs to the BCMV-PSt subgroup. Altogether, these results support the identification of the causal virus as peanut stripe strain of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV-PSt).

Characteristics of Potato virus Y Isolated from Paprika in Korea

Choi, Hong-Soo,Ko, Sug-Ju,Kim, Mi-Kyeong,Park, Jin-Woo,Lee, Su-Heon,Kim, Kook-Hyung,Were, Hassan Karakacha,Chois, Jang-Kyung,Takanami, Yoichi The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

A virus isolate collected from infected paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) was characterized as Potato virus Y (PVY) based on biological, serological, cytopathological, and molecular properties. In host range studies, the paprika isolate produced the mosaic symptom on some tobacco, tomato and pepper (Capsicum annuum). A new paprika isolate also infected potato cultivars which is different biological characteristic compared to the other popular potyvirus infecting paprika, Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). Previously reported PVY strains, $PVY^o$ and $PVY^N$ did not infect pepper and typical PepMoV isolates did not infect potato. Distinctive inclusion patterns of the scroll, pinwheel, long laminated inclusions, and helper components in the cytoplasm of infected cells were also different to those observed by the typical PVY isolate infections. However, the paprika isolate reacted to the monoclonal antibody of $PVY^N$ strain with high absorbance readings. RT-PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the 3' untranslated region and a part of coat protein gene also added additional evidence of the paprika isolate as the $PVY^N$-related isolate. Multiple alignments as well as cluster dendrograms of PVY-paprika isolate revealed close phylogenetic relationship to the $PVY^N$ subgroup. Altogether, these results suggest that a new PVY isolate infecting paprika contained distinct characteristics compared to the other previously described PVY strains with closer relationship to the $PVY^N$ strain.

Occurrence of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) Infecting Peanut in Korea

Choi, Hong-Soo,Kim, Mi-Kyeong,Park, Jin-Woo,Cheon, Jeong-Uk,Kim, Kook-Hyung,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Karakacha Were Hassan,Choi, Jang-Kyung,Takanami Yoichi The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.1

A virus causing vein banding, sometimes yellow mosaic and rugose symptoms on peanut was prevalent around Suwon, Korea. A survey conducted in the area found disease incidence, depending on cultivar, to range from 79 to $100\%$. The virus was found to be seed-transmissible in all the five peanut cultivars tested with transmission rates ranging from 2 to $16\%$. Host range analysis failed to differentiate 9 field isolates collected from different peanuts cultivars showing various symptoms. Inclusion bodies such as scroll, pinwheel and long laminated aggregates induced by the virus in host plant cells were similar to those induced by members of the Potyvirus subdivision III. The virus showed < $95\%$ homology with Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), BCMV-BICMV/AzMV strains and only < $91\%$ with Desmodium mosaic virus. Based on biological characterization, electron microscopy and molecular analyses of a Korean isolate (Daewon 1), the virus was identified as peanut stripe strain of BCMV.

Virulence Differentiation of Eight Turnip mosaic virus Isolates Infecting Cruciferous Crops

최홍수,윤무경,최장경,김국형,천정욱,Seong-Han Sohn,Jeong-Soo Kim,Hassan Karakacha Were,Yoichi Takanami 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an infectious viral pathogen on the cruciferous crops, predominantly Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) and radish (Raphanus sativus). On the basis of the symptom development in selective differential hosts from indicator host species, Chinese cabbage and Korean radish inbred lines, the representative eight isolates of TuMV were divided into two major groups/or six types. Group I includes Tu 1, Ca-ad7, and Cj-ca2-1 isolates, while group II includes the other isolates (rg-pf1, r 9-10, Rhcq1- 2, Stock and Mustard). According to the molecular phylogenetic analysis, these isolates, however, divided into two groups and two independent isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that four isolates (Tu 1, r 9-0,Stock and Rh-cq1-2) formed a distinct phylogenetic group, and the other two isolates (Ca-ad7 and Cj-ca2-1) also formed another group. Mustard and rg-pf1 isolates did not seem to have any relationship with these two groups. Taken together, these results indicated that virulence differentiation on host plants, molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid of TuMV coat proteins did not show any relationship. The multi-resistant lines, Wonyae 20026 and BP058 in Chinese cabbage represent valuable genetic materials that can be used for crucifer breeding programs on TuMV resistance, but not in Korean radish.

Virulence Differentiation of Eight Turnip mosaic virus Isolates Infecting Cruciferous Crops

Choi, Hong-Soo,Sohn, Seong-Han,Yoon, Moo-Kyoung,Cheon, Jeong-Uk,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Were, Hassan Karakacha,Cho, Jang-Kyung,Kim, Kook-Hyung,Takanami, Yoichi The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an infectious viral pathogen on the cruciferous crops, predominantly Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) and radish (Raphanus sativus). On the basis of the symptom development in selective differential hosts from indicator host species, Chinese cabbage and Korean radish inbred lines, the representative eight isolates of TuMV were divided into two major groups/or six types. Group I includes Th 1, Ca-ad7, and Cj-ca2-1 isolates, while group II includes the other isolates (rg-pfl, r 9-10, Rhcql-2, Stock and Mustard). According to the molecular phylogenetic analysis, these isolates, however, divided into two groups and two independent isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that four isolates (Tu 1, r9-10, Stock and Rh-cql-2) formed a distinct phylogenetic group, and the other two isolates (Ca-ad7 and Cj-ca2-1) also formed another group. Mustard and rg-pfl isolates did not seem to have any relationship with these two groups. Taken together, these results indicated that virulence differentiation on host plants, molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid of TuMV coat proteins did not show any relationship. The multi-resistant lines, Wonyae 20026 and BP058 in Chinese cabbage represent valuable genetic materials that can be used for crucifer breeding programs on TuMV resistance, but not in Korean radish.