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( Tseng Wen Jui ),( Tseng Kuo Shyong ),( Yang Yi Chih ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2003 해운물류연구 Vol.39 No.-
General average system is a special part of maritime law, which is considered to have existed long before insurance policies, and the general average loss is to be made good by the contribution of all concerned, when the adventure is saved. Different insurance policies will cover the sacrifices and extraordinary expenses and general average contributions arising from a general average contributions arising from a general average act. This paper will study the underwriter liability for general average losses according to Marine Insurance Act, 1906. After inductive analysis, this article proposes revised suggestions of the law pertaining to the claim of general average for an underwriter in Taiwan.
Prevalence, Incidence, and Factor Concentrate Usage Trends of Hemophiliacs in Taiwan
Tsu-Chiang Tu,Wen-Shyong Liou,Tsui-Yun Chou,Tsung-Kun Lin,Chuan-Fang Lee,Jye-Daa Chen,Thau-Ming Cham,Mei-Ing Chung 연세대학교의과대학 2013 Yonsei medical journal Vol.54 No.1
Purpose: Hemophilia A and B (HA, HB) are the most common X-linked inherited bleeding disorders. The introduction of factor concentrates has allowed for control of the lifelong chronic disease. However, no studies have been published regarding the epidemiology of hemophilia in Taiwan. Our aim was to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rate, as well as trends in the use of factor concentrates,in individuals with hemophilia in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2007. Results: We identified 988 males with hemophilia (HA : HB ratio=5.4 : 1). The mean prevalence per 100000 males was 6.7±0.1 for HA and 1.2±0.1 for HB. The estimated mean annual incidence per live male birth was 1 in 10752 for HA and 1 in 47619 for HB. Standardized mortality ratios for males with hemophilia (all severities) or severe hemophilia were 1.3- and 2.1-fold higher than that of the general male population, respectively. Mean factor VIII (FVIII) and factor IX (FIX) usage was 1.5003±0.4029 and 0.3126±0.0904 international units (IUs) per capita, respectively. Mean FVIII and FIX usage per patient with hemophilia (all severities) or severe hemophilia was 44027±11532 and 72341±17298, respectively, and 49407±13015 and 74369±18411 IUs per person with HA or HB, respectively. Conclusion: Our data revealed epidemiologic and factor concentrate usage trends in males with hemophilia in Taiwan, highlighting a need for improvements in the mandatory National Health Insurance registry. A better-designed, patient-centered registry system would enable more detailed patient information collection and analysis, improving subsequent care.
Prevalence, Incidence, and Factor Concentrate Usage Trends of Hemophiliacs in Taiwan
Tsu-Chiang Tu,Wen-Shyong Liou,Tsui-Yun Chou,Tsung-Kun Lin,Chuan-Fang Lee,Jye-Daa Chen,Thau-Ming Cham,Mei-Ing Chung 연세대학교의과대학 2013 Yonsei medical journal Vol.54 No.2
Purpose Hemophilia A and B (HA, HB) are the most common X-linked inherited bleeding disorders. The introduction of factor concentrates has allowed for control of the lifelong chronic disease. However, no studies have been published regarding the epidemiology of hemophilia in Taiwan. Our aim was to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rate, as well as trends in the use of factor concentrates, in individuals with hemophilia in Taiwan. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2007. Results We identified 988 males with hemophilia (HA : HB ratio=5.4 : 1). The mean prevalence per 100000 males was 6.7±0.1 for HA and 1.2±0.1 for HB. The estimated mean annual incidence per live male birth was 1 in 10752 for HA and 1 in 47619 for HB. Standardized mortality ratios for males with hemophilia (all severities) or severe hemophilia were 1.3- and 2.1-fold higher than that of the general male population, respectively. Mean factor VIII (FVIII) and factor IX (FIX) usage was 1.5003±0.4029 and 0.3126±0.0904 international units (IUs) per capita, respectively. Mean FVIII and FIX usage per patient with hemophilia (all severities) or severe hemophilia was 44027±11532 and 72341±17298, respectively, and 49407±13015 and 74369±18411 IUs per person with HA or HB, respectively. Conclusion Our data revealed epidemiologic and factor concentrate usage trends in males with hemophilia in Taiwan, highlighting a need for improvements in the mandatory National Health Insurance registry. A better-designed, patient-centered registry system would enable more detailed patient information collection and analysis, improving subsequent care.
Tzu-Sung Wu,Mansour Karkoub,Chien-Ting Chen,Wen-Shyong Yu,Ming-Guo Her,Jui-Yiao Su 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.6
It is proposed here to use a robust tracking design based on adaptive fuzzy control technique to control a class of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with time delayed uncertainty in which each uncertainty is assumed to be bounded by an unknown gain. This technique will overcome modeling inaccuracies, such as drag and friction losses, effect of time delayed uncertainty, as well as parameter uncertainties. The proposed control law is based on indirect adaptive fuzzy control. A fuzzy model is used to approximate the dynamics of the nonlinear MIMO system; then, two on-line estimation schemes are developed to overcome the nonlinearities and identify the gains of the delayed state uncertainties, simultaneously. The advantage of employing an adaptive fuzzy system is the use of linear analytical results instead of estimating nonlinear system functions with an online update law. The adaptive fuzzy scheme uses a Variable Structure (VS) scheme to resolve the system uncertainties, time delayed uncertainty and the external disturbances such that H∞ tracking performance is achieved. The control laws are derived based on a Lyapunov criterion and the Riccati-inequality such that all states of the system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Therefore, the effect can be reduced to any prescribed level to achieve H∞ tracking performance. A two-connected inverted pendulums system on carts and a two-degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system are used to validate the performance of the proposed fuzzy technique for the control of MIMO nonlinear systems.