The value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in hand and knee radiographic osteoarthritis: data from the Dong-gu Study

Wen, Lihui,Shin, Min-Ho,Kang, Ji-Hyoun,Yim, Yi-Rang,Kim, Ji-Eun,Lee, Jeong-Won,Lee, Kyung-Eun,Park, Dong-Jin,Kim, Tae-Jong,Park, Yong-Wook,Kweon, Sun-Seog,Lee, Young-Hoon,Yun, Yong-Woon,Lee, Shin-Seok Springer-Verlag 2018 CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY Vol.37 No.4

《紅樓夢》特色詞語近親探源

董文成 중국어문연구회 2001 中國語文論叢 Vol.20 No.-

≪홍루몽≫ 은 작자 조설근의 독창적 이미지의 창출로 인하여 고금의 독자들로부터 크게 환영받고 있는데, 그러한 특징적인 이미지가 사실은 중국 고전의 발전적 계승이라는 면에서 작가의 폭넓은 고전 지식과 함께 소설 창작의 뛰어난 기교를 드러낸다고 할 수 있다. 본고에서는 특히 명말청초에 일세를 풍미했 던 재자가인소설과 염정소설 속에서 이미 부분적으로 활용되었던 이미지들이 ≪홍루몽≫속에서 어떻게 수준높은 이미지로 재창출되었는가를 다음과 같이 구체적인 예증을 들어 밝혀주고 있다 1. 작품 속의 두 여주인공 설보차와 임대옥의 이미지로 자리매김한 '山中高士晶□雪'과 '世外仙□寂□林'의 시구는 명초 高啓의 시에 그 근원을 두고 있지만 사실은 청초의 염정소설 ≪濃情快史≫ 에서 이미 구체적으로 사용된 바 있다. 2. 주인공 가보옥과 임대옥의 애틋한 감정이 구체적으로 표현되고 있는 제19회의 회목 '情切切良育花解語, 意綿綿靜日玉生香'의 이미지는 ≪金□梅詞話≫에서 사용한 시구에서 이미 사용되고 있다. 3 임대옥의 이미지를 가장 잘 드러내는 특징 언어의 하나로 花魂이 있는데 작가가 그녀를 묘사할 때나 그녀 스스로 지은 <葬花詞>에서 이 말을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 청초에 유행한≪금운□전≫≪春燈關≫, ≪巫山□史≫등의 작품 속에서 이미 만들어져 있었음을 확인하였다. 4. ≪홍루몽≫ 첫 회의 유래고사에는 女□신화를 이용하면서 補天遣石 하나가 大流山 靑漢峰에 버려지게 되었다고 하였는데 脂硯齋 평어에서 이미 靑□은 이와 발음이 동일한 情根의 의미를 가졌다고 지적한 바 있다. 오늘날 이 구절은 ≪홍루몽≫의 독특한 이미지의 구축에 결정적인 역할을 하고 있지만 사실 청초 順治, 康熙연간에 나온 ≪桃花影≫, ≪□花叢≫, ≪巫山□史≫, ≪春燈□≫등에서 자주 사용되어 왔음을 확인할 수 있다. 5. 유래고사에 나오는 대황산에 버려진 □石은 주인공 가보옥의 삶의 원형으로서 一僧一道에 의해 통령보옥으로 환생되어 ≪홍루몽≫ 만이 가진 독특한 예술 이미지를 창출한 특별한 어휘라고 할 수 있는데 사실 청초 염정소설 ≪杏花天≫ 과 ≪春燈□≫ 등에서 이를 사용한 바 있다. 6. ≪홍루몽≫의 또 다른 이름으로 작자 스스로 제시한 이름 중에 "金陵十二□"가 있는데 가보옥의 '夢遊太虛濾境'에서 그 구체적인 내용이 드러나고 있다. 十二□는 열두 명의 여성을 의미하기도 하지만 고전에서 매우 많은 젊은 여성을 가리키는 말로 쓰여왔음을 지적하면서 淸初의 ≪杏花精天≫ 에서 그 용례를 찾고 있다. (整理 崔溶澈) [筆者紹介] □文成, 1941년 출생, 1966년 遼寧大學 졸업, 1981년이후 遼寧大學교수, 전공은 明淸소설과 滿洲族문학연구, 著書에 ≪淸代文學論橋≫, ≪滿族文學精華≫, ≪近現代紅學集思≫등이 있음.

Experiment of single screw piles under inclined cyclic pulling loading

Dong, Tian Wen,Zheng, Ying Ren Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.8 No.6

The ultimate pullout capacity under inclined dynamic loading is an important measure of the destruction degree of vertical screw piles (anchors) under dynamic actions. Based on the static and dynamic tests on two kinds of model screw piles, the ultimate bearing capacity was researched considering different distance-width ratio of blade (D/W) and preloading ratio. The results compared well with other experimental data available in the literature. This research reveals that D/W might determine the failure model of the piles (anchors), for example D/W = 3.14 or 5; a critical dynamic-static loading ratio (DSLR) existed in the experiments. The critical DSLR was reached under the conditions of 40%~60% preloading (D/W = 3.14) or 20%~40% preloading (D/W = 5), respectively.

Aluminum speciation in drinking water distribution system: A case study in northeastern China

Wen-Dong Wang,Hong-Wei Yang,Jing Jiang,Zhen-Zhen Ding,Wan-Peng Zhu 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.5

This study aimed to investigate the variation of aluminum species in a drinking water distribution system in a city in northeastern China. The aluminum species were determined by fluorometric methods. Results showed that suspended aluminum (Sus-Al) was the major species in the drinking water supplied by plant B and accounted for about 42% of the total aluminum (Tol-Al). The concentrations of Sus-Al and Tol-Al could be controlled effectively by introducing reservoir water. In the water source switching process, the water quality variation led to the suddenly release of Sus-Al, especially in a cast iron pipeline that had been in service for more than 30 years, but the soluble aluminum varied little. In the plant A service areas, the average concentrations of the inorganic monomeric aluminum (IM-Al),monomeric aluminum (Mon-Al), and soluble aluminum (Sol-Al) were 0.008 mg L^−1, 0.03 mg L^−1, and 0.04 mg L^−1,respectively, and their concentrations in the plant B service areas were higher. The pH and fluoride were the major parameters affecting the soluble aluminum speciation. With a solution pH of 6.5-7.5 and fluoride below 0.3 mg L^−1,the Sol-Al could be controlled within 0.1 mg L^−1. Water quality regulation and terminal filtration were suggested for residual aluminum control.

Effect of Prior Hot Rolling on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel Containing Tempered Martensite and Ferrite

Dong-Cherng Wen 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.3

A duplex structure of δ-ferrite and lath martensite with interlath retained austenite film is developed in this study by modifying the alloy addition. The presence of δ-ferrite can further strengthen the grain refinement of austenite during hot rolling. As a result, the amount of retained austenite is enhanced. Tempered martensite embrittlement occurs due to the decomposition of retained austenite, and grain refinement can in fact ameliorate the tempered martensite embrittlement by delaying the onset of the embrittlement to a higher temperature. The combined effect of uniform and small grains as well as a large amount of retained austenite provides a further increase in the mechanical properties. After identical tempering treatments, all mechanical properties measured in the as-rolled condition were found to be higher than those of direct quenching without rolling. After hot rolling, the increase in the hardness and tensile strength was not accompanied by a drop in the ductility and toughness. A duplex structure of δ-ferrite and lath martensite with interlath retained austenite film is developed in this study by modifying the alloy addition. The presence of δ-ferrite can further strengthen the grain refinement of austenite during hot rolling. As a result, the amount of retained austenite is enhanced. Tempered martensite embrittlement occurs due to the decomposition of retained austenite, and grain refinement can in fact ameliorate the tempered martensite embrittlement by delaying the onset of the embrittlement to a higher temperature. The combined effect of uniform and small grains as well as a large amount of retained austenite provides a further increase in the mechanical properties. After identical tempering treatments, all mechanical properties measured in the as-rolled condition were found to be higher than those of direct quenching without rolling. After hot rolling, the increase in the hardness and tensile strength was not accompanied by a drop in the ductility and toughness.

MRI Findings of Primary CNS Lymphoma in 26 Immunocompetent Patients

Dong Zhang,Liang-Bo Hu,Tobias D Henning,Elisabeth M Ravarani,Li-Guang Zou,Xiao-Yuan Feng,Wen-Xian Wang,Li Wen 대한영상의학회 2010 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.11 No.3

Objective: To record the MR imaging features of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and compare these features in monofocal and multifocal disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one cases of monofocal disease were compared to five cases of multifocal disease. All patients were examined by nonenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI. Tumor location, tumor size, signal intensity, enhancement characteristics, age distribution, peritumoral edema, cystic changes, and the presence of calcifications were assessed. The MRI features were compared between the monofocal and multifocal disease cases. Results: The 26 cases, including both the monofocal and multifocal cases, exhibited 37 lesions. Contrast-enhanced images showed variable enhancement patterns: homogeneous enhancement (33 lesions), ring-like enhancement (2), and ‘open-ring-like’ enhancement (2). The ‘notch sign’ was noted in four of 33 homogeneously enhancing lesions. One case of hemorrhage and three cases of cystic formation were observed. Intra-tumoral calcification was not found. The frontal lobe, the corpus callosum and the basal ganglia were commonly affected in both the monofocal and multifocal groups. Tumor size differed significantly between the two groups (t = 3.129, p < 0.01) and mildly or moderately enhanced lesions were more frequently found in the monofocal group (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between perifocal edema (p > 0.05) and the signal characteristics (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion: Our data show that PCNSL has a variable enhancement pattern on MR images. We first reported two lesions with an ‘open-ring’ enhancement as well as four cases with a ‘notch sign’. Monofocal PCNSL cases typically have larger sized tumors with mild or moderate enhancement. Objective: To record the MR imaging features of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and compare these features in monofocal and multifocal disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one cases of monofocal disease were compared to five cases of multifocal disease. All patients were examined by nonenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI. Tumor location, tumor size, signal intensity, enhancement characteristics, age distribution, peritumoral edema, cystic changes, and the presence of calcifications were assessed. The MRI features were compared between the monofocal and multifocal disease cases. Results: The 26 cases, including both the monofocal and multifocal cases, exhibited 37 lesions. Contrast-enhanced images showed variable enhancement patterns: homogeneous enhancement (33 lesions), ring-like enhancement (2), and ‘open-ring-like’ enhancement (2). The ‘notch sign’ was noted in four of 33 homogeneously enhancing lesions. One case of hemorrhage and three cases of cystic formation were observed. Intra-tumoral calcification was not found. The frontal lobe, the corpus callosum and the basal ganglia were commonly affected in both the monofocal and multifocal groups. Tumor size differed significantly between the two groups (t = 3.129, p < 0.01) and mildly or moderately enhanced lesions were more frequently found in the monofocal group (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between perifocal edema (p > 0.05) and the signal characteristics (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion: Our data show that PCNSL has a variable enhancement pattern on MR images. We first reported two lesions with an ‘open-ring’ enhancement as well as four cases with a ‘notch sign’. Monofocal PCNSL cases typically have larger sized tumors with mild or moderate enhancement.

Improvement of Slurry Erosion Resistance of Martensite/Ferrite Duplex Stainless Steel by Hot Rolling

Dong-Cherng Wen 대한금속·재료학회 2010 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.16 No.1

Test samples of martensite/ferrite duplex stainless steels (M/Fss) were prepared using thermal-mechanical processes and their slurry erosion behaviors were systematically studied. Test results show that hot rolling is an attractive process for improving erosion resistance. This improvement is more evident at higher impinging angles and larger reduction ratios. The thermal-mechanical-treated samples exhibit higher slurry erosion resistance for all impinging angles compared to that obtained by conventional quenching treatment without rolling. The variation tendency of the erosion rate versus the impinging angle for samples rolled with different degrees of reduction is similar in that the erosion rate initially increases and then decreases as the impinging angles increase from 15° to 90°, reaching a maximum at approximately 30°. After impingement erosion, the surface morphologies of the samples exhibit many long furrows and ridges at a low impinging angle of 30°. At a high impinging angle of 90°, the samples exhibit a worn surface with abundant overlapping and irregular concavities. The surface hardness of the samples after impingement erosion increases as the impinging angles and reduction ratios increase due to the enhanced effects of both work hardening and the formation of straininduced martensite.

Preferential Induction of CYP1A1 over CYP1B1 in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells after Exposure to Berberine

Wen, Chun-Jie,Wu, Lan-Xiang,Fu, Li-Juan,Shen, Dong-Ya,Zhang, Xue,Zhang, Yi-Wen,Yu, Jing,Zhou, Hong-Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Estrogens are considered the major breast cancer risk factor, and the carcinogenic potential of estrogens might be attributed to DNA modification caused by derivatives formed during metabolism. $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$), the main steroidal estrogen present in women, is metabolized via two major pathways: formation of 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH $E_2$) and 4-hydroxyestradiol ($4-OH\;E_2$) through the action of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1, respectively. Previous reports suggested that $2-OH\;E_2$ has putative protective effects, while $4-OH\;E_2$ is genotoxic and has potent carcinogenic activity. Thus, the ratio of $2-OH\;E_2/4-OH\;E_2$ is a critical determinant of the toxicity of $E_2$ in mammary cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of berberine on the expression profile of the estrogen metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Berberine treatment produced significant induction of both forms at the level of mRNA expression, but with increased doses produced 16~ to 52~fold greater induction of CYP1A1 mRNA over CYP1B1 mRNA. Furthermore, berberine dramatically increased CYP1A1 protein levels but did not influence CYP1B1 protein levels in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, we present the first report to show that berberine may provide protection against breast cancer by altering the ratio of CYP1A1/CYP1B1, could redirect $E_2$ metabolism in a more protective pathway in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Selection and optimization of nutritional risk screening tools for esophageal cancer patients in China

Wen Dong,Xiguang Liu,Shunfang Zhu,Di Lu,Kaican Cai,Ruijun Cai,Qing Li,Jingjing Zeng,Mei Li 한국영양학회 2020 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.14 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition has multiple impacts on surgical success, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and costs, particularly for cancer patients. There are various nutrition risk screening tools available for clinical use. Herein, we aim to determine the most appropriate nutritional risk screening system for esophageal cancer (EC) patients in China. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 138 EC patients were enrolled in this study and evaluated by experienced nurses using three different nutritional screening tools, the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 tool (NRS2002), the Patient-generated Subjective Globe Assessment (PG-SGA), and the Nutrition Risk Index (NRI).We compared sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and Youden index generated by each of the three screening tools. Finally, cut-off points for all three tools were re-defined to optimize and validate the best nutritional risk screening tool for assessing EC patients. RESULTS: Our data suggested that all three screening tools were 100% sensitive for EC patients, while the specificities were 44.4%, 2.96%, and 59.26% for NRS 2002, PG-SGA, and NRI, respectively. NRI had a higher positive likelihood ratio as well as a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve compared to those of NRS 2002 and PG-SGA; although, all three tools had null negative likelihood ratios. After adjusting the cut-off points, the specificity and accuracy for all tools were significantly improved, however, the NRI remained the most appropriate nutritional risk screening system for EC patients. CONCLUSIONS: The NRI is the most suitable (highest sensitivity and accuracy) nutritional risk screening tool for EC patients. The performance of the NRI can be significantly improved if the cut-off point is modified according to the results obtained using MedCalc software.

조경기법으로 본 중국원림의 풍수지리사상

( Wen Dong Yu ),( Tai Ho Kang ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2014 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.32 No.3

본 연구는 중국 원림의 조경기법에서 배치, 축 대칭, 주종(主從) 관계, 공간 대조, 경관 은폐 등으로 나타나고 있는 풍수지리 사상인 "혈효응(穴效應)", "용사효응(龍砂效應)" 및 "수구효응(水口效應)" 의 이론을 파악하고 원림 공간에서의 표현 방식에 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. 배치 방식을 증명하기 위하여 사합원(四合院)과 소주 망사원(網師園)을 대상으로 하였으며, 축 대칭과 주종(主從) 관계를 증명하기 위하여 명·청대 북경성과 자금성, 운남성 선위시(宣威市) 도시 광장 설계를 대상으로 분석하였고, 공간 대조와 경관 은폐 방식을 증명하기 위하여 소주 유원(留園)과 창랑정(滄浪亭), 졸정원(拙政園), 태안시 남호공원을 대상으로 분석하였다. 연구 방법은 문헌조사와 현지답사 및 사례 분석으로 나누어 진행하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 배치 방식은 사합원, 소주 망사원 등에서 중국 풍수지리사상의 "혈효응"이 적용되었으며, 둘째, 축 대칭과 주종관계는 명·청대 북경성의 도시 계획과 자금성 공간 배치에서 풍수지리사상의 "용사효응"이 적용되었으며, 운남성 선위시 도시 광장 설계 등 중국 현대 조경 설계기법에도 풍수지리사상을 도입하고 있다. 셋째, "수구효응"은 공간 대조 기법과 경관 은폐 기법에서 나타나고 있다. 이는 소주 유원(留園), 창랑정(滄浪亭), 졸정원(拙政園), 태안시 남호공원 등의 설계에 도입되었다. This study aimed to grasp Feng Shui Geographical Thought appears in layout, Axial symmetry, hierarchical planning, spatial composition and hidden design techniques of Chinese Garden, that is "Xue effect", "Long-Sha effect" and "Shuikou effect", and to study on expression in Landscape Space. The Author selected the Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden as the object to prove the Layout landscaping techniques; and selected Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Forbidden City, A square design in Xuanwei as the object to prove the Axial Symmetrical and Hierarchical landscaping techniques, and also selected the Lingering G-arden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator``s Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian as the object to prove the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. The methods of this article is combined Literature survey and Field survey with Case analysis to draw the conclusions as follows: First, "Xue effect" of Chinese Feng Shui Geographical Thought is suitable for the layout of Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden in Suzhou; Second, "Long-Sha effect" is suitable for the urban planning of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasty, and the layout of the Forbidden City, by the city square design in Xuanwei, we can see that it is also suitable for Chinese modern landscape design; Third, "Shuikou effect" is appeared in the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. All of these landscape design techniques are commonly used in China``s modern landscape. It has been proved by the analysis of the Lingering Garden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator``s Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian.