W(110) 표면에 CO의 흡착

이경희,유위량,한현석,부진효,이순보,곽현태 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 論文集 Vol.49 No.-

The interaction of CO with W(110) surface was investigated through LEED, TDS, and photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation under UHV condition. After CO saturation at RT, two desorption states, called α and β , were observed at about 400 and 1150 K in thermal desorption spectra, respectively. The kinetics of 3-CO followed the first order kinetics, indicating the existence of molecular CO on W(110) surface. This is contrary to the previous results. The O 1s BE(binding energy) of CO adsorbed on W(110) surface at room temperature was 529.9 eV. On the other hand, the O 1s BE of β-CO after heating to 900 K was different from that of oxygen adsorbed W(110) surface, suggesting a different adsorption state. According to the UP valence band spectra, we observed two peaks at near -10.7 eV (4σ) and -7.0 eV (5σ+1π), indicating the molecular adsorption of CO at room temperature. Furthermore we could see the 4σ peak at the various photon energy and elevated temperatures. Comparing the energy separation, Δ(4σ-1π) , between 4σ and 1π UP peaks of chemisorbed CO, we found that an increased separation reflects an decreased C-O bond strength. Therefore on the basis of TDS and photoelectron spectroscopy, we could suggest that β state of CO on W(110) may not be dissociated and has an adsorption geometry of lying-down mode.

Breviscapine Ameliorates Fear Extinction and Anxiety in BALB/cJ Mice

Wei Liang(Wei Liang),Jing Huang(Jing Huang),Shuya Yang(Shuya Yang),Peng Huang(Peng Huang),Jun Chen(Jun Chen),Chen Chen(Chen Chen),Qun Yang(Qun Yang),Fengzhan Li(Fengzhan Li) 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.3

Objective In this research, the influence of breviscapine on anxiety, fear elimination, and aggression and the potential mechanism was investigated. Methods Anxiety and locomotion were analyzed by elevated plus maze and open field test in mice. Bussey-Saksida Mouse Touch Screen Chambers were used to perform fear conditioning. Territorial aggression was assessed by resident intruder test. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Breviscapine improved fear-extinction learning in BALB/cJ mice. Results Breviscapine at 20-100 mg/kg increased center cross number, total distance traveled, and velocity in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, breviscapine at 20-100 mg/kg decreased the immobility time in open field test. In addition, breviscapine at 20-100 mg/kg increased the ratio of time on the open arm, time on the distal parts of the open arm, and total distance traveled in elevated plus maze. Breviscapine at 100 mg/kg increased the average attack latency and decreased the number of attacks over the last 3 days of resident intruder test. In hippocampus, protein levels of postsynaptic density protein-95 and synaptophysin were elevated by breviscapine at these three doses. Conclusion The administration of breviscapine alleviates fear extinction, anxiety, and aggression, while increases locomotor in a dose-dependent manner, which might be associated with its influence on synaptic function.

Evaluation of the Risks in High-Tech Enterprises’ Technological Innovation Based on Two-Tuple Linguistic Information

Wei Liang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.6

Technological innovation is the foundation for high-tech enterprises to enhance competitiveness and achieve sustainable development. However, there are some uncertain factors existing in the process of technological innovation, which bring about risks. In the light of this, first, based on relevant studies and an expert questionnaire survey, an index system for evaluating the risks is constructed. Then, a two-tuple-linguistic-information-based evaluation model is proposed, wherein a two-tuple group-decision method and its aggregation operators are introduced and the specific evaluation steps are given. At last, an empirical study of technological innovation risk evaluation is conducted on an enterprise of Nanchang high-tech development zone. The result indicates that by applying this method, high-tech enterprises can easily learn the overall risk level of their technological innovation projects, and then weaken or control the risks.

China: Globalization and the Emergence of a New Status Quo Power?

Wei Liang 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2007 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.31 No.4

The remarkable economic growth of China in the past two decades has generated both admiration and concern. As an “undemocratic capitalist” country, Beijing’s grand strategy and true intentions once it becomes stronger are under scrutiny by the rest of the world. This article examines how economic globalization has transformed China’s national policy preferences. It explores China’s foreign economic policy and recent activism in regional and multilateral settings, and within geographic regions that China had minimal contact with as recently as ten years ago. China’s resource endowments combined with its rapid and highly globalized growth have shaped its trade profile. The article suggests that, regardless of China’s grand strategy or future intentions, its policy options have been deeply constrained by its highly globalized economy.

Outage Probability of Device-to-Device MIMO Relay Systems with Imperfect Channel Estimation

Wei, Liang wu,Shao, Shi Xiang The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.2 No.2

Under an imperfect channel estimation, a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication framework based on MIMO relay technology is presented. The model consists of a D2D pair equipped with M antennas and a relay equipped with N antennas as well as a cellular user equipped with M antennas. The outage probability under different relaying protocols (i.e. AF and DF protocol) with and without considering a direct link was derived. The actual and theoretical outage probability of the five links under different antenna numbers was emulated. The number of user antennas and channel estimation error was analyzed carefully to determine their impact on the outage probability of a system. The simulation verified the theory analyses and the results showed that MIMO relaying improves the D2D communication system performance.

Computation Controllable Mode Decision and Motion Estimation for Scalable Video Coding

Liang-Wei Zheng,Gwo-Long Li,Mei-Juan Chen,Chia-Hung Yeh,Kuang-Han Tai,Jian-Sheng Wu 한국전자통신연구원 2013 ETRI Journal Vol.35 No.3

This paper proposes an efficient computation-aware mode decision and search point (SP) allocation algorithm for spatial and quality scalabilities in Scalable Video Coding. In our proposal, a linear model is derived to allocate the computation for macroblocks in enhancement layers by using the rate distortion costs of the base layer. In addition, an adaptive SP decision algorithm is proposed to decide the number of SPs for motion estimation under the constraint of the allocated computation. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm allocates the computation resource efficiently and outperforms other works in rate distortion performance under the same computational availability constraint.

Intentions of Employees to Whistleblow Information Security Policy Violations in the Organization

Wei, Liang-Cheng,Carol Hsu,Kai Wang 한국경영정보학회 2016 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.26 No.1

Transient Hiatal Separation During Straight Leg Raise Can Predict Reflux Burden in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients With Ineffective Esophageal Motility

Wei-Yi Lei,Shu-Wei Liang,Taher Omari,Wei-Chuan Chang,Ming-Wun Wong,Jui-Sheng Hung,Chih-Hsun Yi,Tso-Tsai Liu,Lin Lin,C Prakash Gyawali,Chien-Lin Chen 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.4

Background/Aims Straight leg raise (SLR) can be utilized to evaluate the integrity of the esophagogastric junction during high-resolution manometry (HRM). We aim to assess the value of transient hiatal separation during SLR in symptomatic reflux patients. Methods Consecutive reflux patients undergoing esophageal HRM and pH monitoring were included. Transient hiatal separation was defined by a ≥ 1 cm separation between the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm during SLR. We compared esophageal motor patterns and reflux monitoring parameters between patients with normal, transiently abnormal and consistently abnormal esophagogastric junction morphology during SLR. Results Of 85 (56.3% female, mean age: 46.7 ± 12.3 years) completed SLR, esophagogastric junction morphology was normal in 31 (36.5%), transient hiatal separation in 19 (22.3%), and consistently hiatal hernia in 35 (41.2%). The values of total acid exposure time (P = 0.016), longest acid reflux episodes (P = 0.024), and DeMeester scores (P = 0.016) were higher in hiatal hernia compared to patients with non-transient hiatal separation, but there were no differences between those with and without transient hiatal separation. Within ineffective esophageal motility, the presence of transient hiatal separation during SLR significantly associated with a higher total acid exposure time (P = 0.014), higher DeMeester scores (P = 0.019), higher total acid reflux events (P = 0.037), and higher longest acid reflux episodes (P = 0.006). Conclusion Our work suggests that SLR may have value as a provocative test during HRM, and future outcome studies are warranted to elucidate the clinical relevance of motor abnormalities depicted from SLR.

Network Intrusion Detection Model With Clustering Ensemble Method

Liang-Wei Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.11

As network techniques have become one of the most significant aspects of our daily lives, network security has been a major concern. One common application is network intrusion detection. From the perspective of data oriented consideration, intrusion detection can be formulated as a clustering task, which aims to differentiate normal and insecurity behaviors and categorize into several groups. In this paper, we employ ensemble clustering method to improve the generalization and robustness of basic clustering. Specifically, we employ fuzzy kernel C-means (FKCM) as basic clustering, which improves the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering by introducing kernels from the support vector machines (SVM) to optimize the features of sample data by mapping the sample pattern into a higher dimensional feature space. Then, we formulate the ensemble problem as the optimization of the mutual information among all clusterings and introduce Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) as the solution. Experiments prove the efficiency of our method.

China`s Soft Power in Africa: Is Economic Power Sufficient?

( Wei Liang ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2012 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.36 No.4

China`s economic initiative in Africa has been advanced by its imagebuilding efforts, though there are limits to the utility of China`s soft power. Currently, mutually penetrating economic relations are at the core of China`s soft power. However, the efficacy of Chinese soft power depends upon the broader applicability of its attractive elements, including culture, political values, and economic model. Fortunately for China, its attractive soft-power elements resonate in Africa.