Max Weber의 社會學에 있어서의 合理性 : 宗敎社會學을 中心으로

李東仁 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 1981 인문학연구 Vol.8 No.2

The concept of rationality in the Weberian sociology is noted for its significance and ambiguity. Confucianism and the ascetic Protestantism are the most suitable cases for observing the polymorphous nature of the concept. Through an investigation of the practical, theoretical and ethical rationality of both religions, we find that things very much different and even contradictory are contained in the same concept of rationality. Included in this concept are abnegation of the world and its opposite and condemnation of human nature and its opposite. It confirms us the Weberian axiom that rationalism may mean very different things and leads us to the conclusion, in agreement with Professor Dong Hwan Park, that the concept of rationality cannot be used as a criterion for the comparative sociology.

Body-centered cubic phase in 3-arm star mesogens: a torsional tapping AFM and GISAXS study

Weber, Christa H. M.,Liu, Feng,Zeng, Xiang-bing,Ungar, Goran,Mullin, Nic,Hobbs, Jamie K.,Jahr, Michael,Lehmann, Matthias The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 SOFT MATTER Vol.6 No.21

<P>The mode of liquid crystal (LC) self-assembly of asymmetric three-arm star oligobenzoate mesogens has been investigated by torsional tapping mode AFM imaging, and by bulk and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. It was confirmed that the cubic liquid crystal phase has <I>Im</I>3&cmb.macr;<I>m</I> symmetry and established that it consists of spherical aggregates arranged on a body-centered lattice, rather than having a bicontinuous structure. Molecular simulation suggests that, in spite of their perceived rigidity, the oligobenzoate mesogens are folded, often sharply, within the supramolecular spheres, and that they act effectively as conical objects. The recently introduced torsional tapping AFM technique has allowed high resolution and contrast to be obtained from the soft mobile surface of the samples, showing the (110) plane of highly ordered supramolecular spheres. Notably the fine structure of the observed steps reveals that nearly isolated micelles still preserve their integrity. Finally, the equilibrium habits of the cubic LC droplets were shown by optical microscopy to be polyhedral with crystallographic facets, rather than spherical. This suggests that the air–LC interface is below the roughening transition temperature, which is attributed to the whole micelles rather than the isolated molecules acting as the interacting units.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A combination of torsional tapping atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed a cubic liquid crystal phase in 3-arm star mesogens, displaying faceted gem-like droplets and stable isolated self-assembled micelles at surface steps. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0sm00420k'> </P>

The Development of Scholars Through Graduate Education

Weber, Margaret J. 연세대학교 생활과학연구소 1996 生活科學論集 Vol.10 No.-

The development of scholars through graduarte education The Human Sciences have the potential to be a major academic force which will impact society beyond the year 2000 due to the current trend of improving family well-being, environmental quality, and the quality of life in general(Bailey, Firebaugh, Haley, &Nickols. 1993).Other forces reshaping higher education, such as the increase in global awareness, will also impact the Human Sciences (Bailey, Firebaugh, Haley, & Nickols, 1993). Therfore, of the Human Science are to acquire a pivotal position of leadership in academics, a major challenge for its constituents is to adapt to the impending changes. Graduate education, more than any other source, serves to shape profesional attitudes and values (Boyer, 1990). Consequently, the human Sciences need to determine how graduate students are socialized so that they may meet the challenges of the next century. The socialization of students in the Human Science may best be achieved through mentoring relationship with more experienced professionals in the field.

Supercritical fluid assisted, integrated process for the synthesis and separation of different lipid derivatives

Weber, Andreas,Catchpole, Owen,Eltringham, Wayne WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Journal of separation science Vol.31 No.8

<P>The partial synthesis of ethyl esters from corn and fish oil was carried out in a stirred tank at supercritical conditions and the products were separated from the reaction mixture using the supercritical fluid. Corn oil can be almost completely converted to ethyl esters under optimized conditions and the rate of reaction is comparable to atmospheric pressure conditions. Some concentration of polyunsaturates occurs in the partially converted glyceride fraction of fish oil, as the enzyme used, Lipozyme® TL-IM, allows preferential esterification of the saturates and mono-unsaturates that are concentrated in positions 1 and 3 of the triglycerides. By judicious selection of the processing conditions, good separation of ethyl esters from the partially reacted glycerides was achieved.</P>

Detailed analysis and modelling of MR dampers at zero current

Weber, F.,Feltrin, G.,Distl, H. Techno-Press 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.30 No.6

High-Performance Nanowire Hydrogen Sensors by Exploiting the Synergistic Effect of Pd Nanoparticles and Metal-Organic Framework Membranes

Weber, Matthieu,Kim, Jae-Hun,Lee, Jae-Hyoung,Kim, Jin-Young,Iatsunskyi, Igor,Coy, Emerson,Drobek, Martin,Julbe, Anne,Bechelany, Mikhael,Kim, Sang Sub American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.40

<P>Herein, we report the fabrication of hydrogen gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity and excellent selectivity. The sensor device is based on the strategic combination of ZnO nanowires (NWs) decorated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) and a molecular sieve metal-organic framework (MOF) nanomembrane (ZIF-8). The Pd NPs permit the sensors to reach maximal signal responses, whereas the ZIF-8 overcoat enables for an excellent selectivity. Three steps were employed for the fabrication: (i) coating of a miniaturized sensor with vapor-grown ZnO NWs, (ii) decoration of these NWs with Pd NPs by atomic layer deposition, and (iii) partial solvothermal conversion of the tuned NWs surface to ZIF-8 nanomembrane. The microstructure and composition investigations of the ZIF-8/Pd/ZnO nanostructured materials confirmed the presence of both metallic Pd NPs and uniform ZIF-8 thin membrane layer. The integration of these nanomaterials within a miniaturized sensor device enabled the assessment of their performance for H<SUB>2</SUB> detection at concentrations as low as 10 ppm in the presence of various gases such as C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>, C<SUB>7</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>OH, and CH<SUB>3</SUB>COCH<SUB>3</SUB>. Remarkably high-response signals of 3.2, 4.7, and 6.7 (<I>R</I><SUB>a</SUB>/<I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB>) have been measured for H<SUB>2</SUB> detection at only 10, 30, and 50 ppm, whereas no noticeable response toward other tested gases was detected, thus confirming the excellent H<SUB>2</SUB> selectivity obtained with such a sensor design. The results obtained showed that the performance of gas sensors toward H<SUB>2</SUB> gas can be greatly increased by both the addition of Pd NPs and the use of ZIF-8 coating, acting as a molecular sieve membrane. Furthermore, the presented strategy could be extended toward the sensing of other species by a judicious choice of both the metallic NPs and MOF materials with tuned properties for specific molecule detection, thus opening a new avenue for the preparation of highly selective sensing devices.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

A Supercritical Fluid-Assisted, Integrated Process for By-Products from Fat and Lipid Production

Weber, A.,Lee, E.-H.,Shin, S.-K.,Chun, B.-S. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.6

<P>An integrated process for the enzymatic alcoholysis of lipids and the separation of the products by supercritical fluid extraction has been designed and tested with a commercial vegetable oil. The optimization of the reaction conditions and the fractionated separation in a cascade of three separators, which were operable at different temperatures and pressures, have been tested. The fractions were analyzed by HPLC for their content of fatty acid esters and different acylglycerides.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>An integrated process for the enzymatic alcoholysis of lipids and the separation of the products by supercritical fluid extraction has been designed and tested. The reaction conditions have been optimized to match a fractionated separation by a cascade of three separators. The fractions were analyzed by HPLC for their content of fatty acid esters, and different acylglycerides.</P>

Performance of Adaptive TMD for Tall Building Damping

Weber, Felix,Yalniz, Fatih,Kerner, Deniz,Huber, Peter Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2021 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.10 No.2

This research investigates the potential of Adaptive TMDs for tall building damping. The Adaptive TMD under consideration is based on real-time controlled hydraulic dampers generating purely dissipative control forces. The control approach is designed to enhance the Adaptive TMD efficiency for moderate wind loads with return periods below 50 years. The resulting enhanced TMD efficiency is used to reduce the pendulum mass by 15% compared to the passive TMD while still guaranteeing the acceleration limits of the one and ten year return period winds. Furthermore, the adaptive control approach is designed to disproportionally increase the controlled damping force at wind loads with return periods of 50 years and more in order to reduce the maximum relative motion of the Adaptive TMD with only 85% pendulum mass. Compared to the passive TMD with 100% pendulum mass the maximum relative motion is reduced by 20%. Both the pendulum mass reduction and the maximum relative motion reduction significantly reduce the foot print of the Adaptive TMD which is highly desirable from the economic point of view.

Mapping of Local Conductivity Variations on Fragile Nanopillar Arrays by Scanning Conductive Torsion Mode Microscopy

Weber, Stefan A. L.,Haberkorn, Niko,Theato, Patrick,Berger, Rü,diger American Chemical Society 2010 NANO LETTERS Vol.10 No.4

<P>A gentle method that combines torsion mode topography imaging with conductive scanning force microscopy is presented. By applying an electrical bias voltage between tip and sample surface, changes in the local sample conductivity can be mapped. The topography and local conductivity variations on fragile free-standing nanopillar arrays were investigated. These samples were fabricated by an anodized aluminum oxide template process using a thermally cross-linked triphenylamine-derivate semicondcutor. The nanoscale characterization method is shown to be nondestructive. Individual nanopillars were clearly resolved in topography and current images that were recorded simultaneously. Local current−voltage characteristics suggest a space-charge limited conduction in the semiconducting nanopillars.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2010/nalefd.2010.10.issue-4/nl9035274/production/images/medium/nl-2009-035274_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl9035274'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Determination of THRs - A Practical Approach for Manufacturers According to EN50129

Weber, Ulrich The Korean Society for Railway 2013 한국철도학회논문집 Vol.16 No.2

The paper will outline how hazard identification and risk evaluation can effectively be performed to obtain Tolerable Hazard Rates (THR). As a target group manufacturers are addressed, who face the situation, that for a generic application THRs are needed for compliance with EN 50129 [1]. Focusing on functional hazards this paper shows a possible hazard log and the relevant analysis methods. The terms safety barrier and barrier function will be introduced and used instead of the term "safety function". As functional hazards and barrier functions depend on each other, emphasis will be put on a comprehensive and detailed definition of barrier functions and the usage of function lists. By using detailed and complete hazard and barrier function definitions THRs can be obtained while at the same time the approach becomes clear how the hazard rates (HR) will be established.