Research on R&D Investment of China s New Energy Vehicle Innovative Enterprises

Yu,Zhichun,Wan,Yanjiao,Choi,Youngjun 한국산업경영학회 2021 경영연구 Vol.36 No.4

연구목적: 본 논문은 BYD, Yutong Bus, Zhongtong Bus, Zotye Automobile, Great Wall Motor, King Long Motor, FAW Automobile, Foton Motor, SAIC Motor 등 중국 신에너지 자동차 상장사의 2012-2019년 데이터를기반으로 중국의 신에너지 자동차 R&D 투자 영향 요인을 분석했다. 연구방법: 본 논문에서는 중국 신에너지 자동차 기업의 연구개발에 영향을 미치는 요인을 단위근본검정, Westerlund 공동적분검정, Hausman 검정 및 2SLS 내생계측변수법을 사용하여 평가한다. 결과: 기업의 R&D 부서의 직원 수는 R&D 강도와 긍정적인 상관관계가 있다. R&D부서의 규모를 늘리고고급 기술자를 도입하면 R&D의 질을 높일 수 있다. 그 회사의 수익성은 연구 개발의 강도와 밀접한 관련이있다. 회사의 수익성을 개선하면 회사의 지속 가능한 운영을 보장하고, 다른 사업 활동을 보다 효과적으로수행할 수 있으며, 기술 연구 및 개발에 자금을 제공할 수 있다. 장기적인 R&D 투자는 기업의 경쟁력과 직결된다. 합리적인 정부 보조금은 기업의 R&D 투자를 촉진하고 더 많은 기업들이 핵심 기술과 경쟁력을 향상시키도록 장려할 수 있다. 독창성/가치: 본 논문은 중국 신에너지차의 현재 국제경쟁력을 글로벌 가치사슬의 관점에서 분석하고 신에너지 자동차의 국제경쟁력의 R&D투자에 영향을 미치는 결정적 요인을 분석해 중국 신에너지 자동차 회사들의R&D 투자를 늘리기 위한 건설적인 제안을 제공하기 위한 것이다. Purpose: This paper analyzes the influencing factors of China s new energy vehicle R&D investment based on the 2012~2019 data of Chinese new energy vehicle listed companies including BYD, Yutong Bus, Zhongtong Bus, Zotye Automobile, Great Wall Motor, King Long Motor, FAW Automobile, Foton Motor, and SAIC Motor. Design/Methodology: In this paper, the factors affecting the R&D of Chinese new energy automobile companies are evaluated using the unit root test, the Westerlund cointegration test, the Hausman test, and the 2SLS endogenous instrumental variable method. Findings: The number of employees in the company s R&D department is positively correlated with R&D intensity. Increasing the scale of the research and development department and introducing advanced technical experts can improve the quality of research and development. The company s profitability is closely related to the intensity of its research and development. Improving the company s profitability can ensure the company s sustainable operation, carry out other business activities more effectively, and provide a source of funding for technology research and development. Long-term R&D investment is directly related to the competitiveness of enterprises. Reasonable government subsidies can stimulate enterprises’ R&D investment and encourage more enterprises to improve their core technologies and competitiveness. Originality/Value: This paper analyzes the current international competitiveness of China s new energy vehicles from the perspective of global value chains, and analyzes the decisive factors that affect the international competitiveness of new energy vehicles, so as to provide constructive suggestions for increasing the R&D investment of China s new energy vehicle companies.

漢文 敎科書 內의 漢詩 分析 硏究 : 第7次 高等學校 漢文 敎科書를 중심으로

박완식,김창용,김상곤,김유태,정인덕 전주대학교 교육문제연구소 2001 敎育論叢 Vol.16 No.-

제자리 한 발 몸펴 앞 공중돌기 동작의 운동학적 분석

안완식,김유길,박형철,김혜영 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.10 No.1

이 연구는 Free workover forward 동작의 이상적인 지도방법과 마루와 평균대에서 좀 더 안정적이고 발전되는 기술동작을 배우는 데 기초자료로 제공함에 그 목적을 두었다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 H대학의 여자 체조 선수 3명을 임의 추출하여 운동학적인 변인을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 마루운동에서 제자리 한발 몸펴 앞공중 돌기 동작을 연기하는데 1국면에서 슬관절과 고관절을 빠르게 신전시켜 회전속도를 증가시켜야하고 3국면에서 4국면까지 수직상승 탄력을 이용하여 신체를 높이 투사시켜 회전속도를 빠르게 하며 5국면에서 여유있는 착지를 이루는 자세가 가장 바람직한 동작임을 알 수 있다. This study has been aimed at providing an ideal instructive method of 'Free workover Forward′ motion and basic data for the learning of a more stable, developed, and skilful motions on the floor as well as balance beam. In order to achieve such an aim of this study, three female champions of physical exercise were employed at random from H University as the object for the research and analysis of kinetic variable factors as resulted in as follows. 1. It was learned that the change in the factor of time variance from phase 1 throughout phase 3 should quicken the time consumed and when remaining in the air the rotation force of the moving body should be accelerated in short moment. It was desirable that air-remaining time for the body should be raised by moving reaction of sposeting leg and the swing of kick should be big and quick. 2. When the location of the body center should move quickly the horizontal and vertical locations at phase 2, and the body was projected in the air at phase 3, the hips should be extended, the horizontal location should be small, the vertical location should be big, the height of remaining in the air should be raised so that landing posture could be taken with enough allowance of time due to increased time for remaining in the air. 3. when the body center passed the horizon as the speed variation of the body center at phase 1 throughout phase 3 raised the vertical speed with the application of the vertical speed and the reaction of the knees. It was known that a stable motion was made through the flexion of knees as it made vertical at phase 5 upholding quickly the moving body. 4. change of angles of the articulations yielded the greatest change of angles at the knees at phase 1 throughout phase 3, and before the rotation of the body, the arch posture motion was shown to be desirable to take a stable posture through straightening thy vertical posture by quick rotation force from too much extension of the knees. summarizing the above, in the performance of the motion of stretching the body with one step at the same position and rotating in the air, the rotation speed should be increased at phase 1 by extending rapidly the knees and hips at phase 3 throughout phase 4 the rotation speed should be quickened by projecting highly the body with the application of elasticity in vertical uprising and then forming an allowable landing was desirable at phase 5.

6개 원소로 이루어진 짝이중결합화합물과 R_2AsCI와의 반응

주완철,이용암,유응철 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.2

From the reactions of orthohydroxy-6-membered conjugated system, benzil-mono-orthohydroxyanil, with Me_2AsCl and chloro [Toluene-(2, 3)-dithiolato(2)] arsenic (Ⅲ), reaction products was isolated. From the IR and NMR-spectroscopic analysis for these reaction products, it is confirmed that reaction products are charge-transfer complexes of As. From these results, we found that the chemical behaviour of trivalent As is not analogous to trivalent P.

괴사성 장염 환아의 금식기간 결정을 위한 Iohexol의 유용성 : Iohexol의 위장과 투여 후 채취한 소변을 전산화단층촬영법을 이용

정유진,홍성완,류민현,정철주,문경래 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the neonates and its course is often fulminating with progressive lethargy. The purpose of this study is to determine the period of NP0(non per os) treatment in the patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Matenal and methods: For determining the normal range of CT(Computerized tomography) attenuation coefficients of urine from normal neonates, 60 normal neonates participated in this study. And urine specimens from 16 patients with stage IIB necrotizing enerocolitis were obtained 8-12 hours after the instillation of iohexol enterally. The attenuation coefficients of each urine specimen were determined with CT. Periodic examinations were performed at an interval of two days. As soon as the values of attenuation coefficients reached the normal range, we discontinued NPO treatment. Results: The mean period of NPO treatment of 16 patients with stage IIB necrotizing enterocolitis was 11.1 days. The NPO period of 6 patients were 8 days, two were 10 days, four were 12 days, one was 14 days and three were 16 days. Conclusion: By means of this study, we were able to determine the period of NPO treatment on a case by case basis. The authors think that CT examination of the obtained urine after the instillation of iohexol may be a good method to determine the period of NPO treatment.

國際移轉價格稅制에 관한 理論的 考察

宣炳完,鄭柔錫 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

The increase in the globalization of business enterprise has brought with it tax planning techniques in which multinational enterprises attempt to shift income from higher taxed countries to lower taxed countries. So International Transfer Pricing plays a significant role in internal transactions. The strategies of intra company exports for multinational enterprise are usually influenced by various business objetives such as maximizing organizational profits, optimizing cash flows, penetrating new markets and avoiding. Conflicts with the related countries. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of international transfer price, transfer pricing, its regulation, determinants through theoretical reviews And the Duble Taxation & Tax Evasion through the Tax Haven. Later, studies about the comparison of transfer price taxation in some major nations, problems in taxation, more rational and realistic improvements in the future.

한국인 환자에서 Vancomycin의 집단약동학 (Population Pharmacokinetics)에 관한 연구

유경상,배균섭,이주연,조주연,장인진,신상구,신완균 大韓臨床藥理學會 1998 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

X-선 회절법에 의한 소결광내의 칼슘페라이트 생성에 미치는 Al_2O_3, SiO_2 및 MgO의 영향

朴埈賢,趙兪貞,尹晟燮,許完旭,金亨順 대한금속재료학회 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.7

In order to elucidate the fundamental aspects of the minerals formation processes during sintering, the Fe_2O_3-CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 system and the effect of MgO on synthesized iron ore sinter were studied by image analysis and X-ray diffraction method. Most existed calcium ferrite was identified to be a solid solution of CaO·2Fe_2O_3 with a small amount of solubility of Al_2O_3 and SiO_2. With an increase of the content of Al_2O_3 in the system, the amount of calcium ferrite was increased. On the other hand, the amount of calcium ferrite was decreased, and the amount of hematite was increased with increasing the content of SiO_2. Crystal structure of calcium ferrite with Al_2O_3 and SiO_2 was changed from monoclinic to triclinic as well as the unit cell volume shrank with fixing Al_2O_3 and increasing SiO_2. With increasing the content of MgO(1∼3 wt%), the amount of magnetite was increased and hematite was decreased but calcium ferrite was not changed.

데스크탑 마이크로 성형시스템의 가진성형에 따른 동특성 연구

홍동표,고유곤,홍용,김현식,이재완 한국공작기계학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

In this study, a desktop forming system which enables hydro dynamic bearing forming was developed. It consists of power train system, frequency forming system, manufactured Die-set, and controller of desktop forming system. The desktop micro forming system is focused on a higher load capacity and a shorter forming time than conventional system. Therefore it was designed for power train capability and load condition of Ball Screw. Moreover, a Piezo actuator was installed to make accurate machining possible, however, the Piezo actuator generate noise and vibration. Thus we performed the analysis of dynamic characteristics through the experiment about developed system in order to reduce such problems and discuss the alternative methods.

직업적 디메틸아세트아미드(Dimethylacetamide) 노출에 의해 집단적으로 발생한 독성간염

최태성,우극현,김진석,박완섭,함정오,정상재,유재영 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

목적 : DMAC에 노출된 후 집단적으로 발생한 독성 간염 7례보고. 방법 : 2000년 2월 신설된 스판덱스 섬유제조 공장에 근무하는 생산직 근로자 178명중 2000년 2월 부터 8월까지 7명이 간장질환이 발생하였다. 환례들의 나이는 23∼47세였고, 남자 5명, 여자 2명이었다. 이들에 대해 혈액검사, 간 초음파 검사 등의 임상검사와 작업장 조사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 근무 부서는 중합 1명, 방사 1명, 권취 4명, 그리고 포장 1명이며 평균근무기간은 10주였다. 주 호소 증상은 심한 피로감, 어지럼증 및 황달이었고, 검사실 소견상 독성간염의 소견을 보였다. A, B 및 C형 간염 표지자 검사는 모두 음성이었고, 간초음파 소견상 특이 소견이 없었다. 문진 상 알코올 성 간염을 일으킬 정도의 음주력이나 최근 약물 복용력을 가지고 있는 환례는 없었다. 입원 후 보존적인 치료로 모두 급속히 호전되었다. 초기에 발생했던 환례에서 퇴원후 DMAC에 재 노출되어 독성 간염이 재발되었다. 이후 모든 환례들은 퇴원 후 DMAC 비노출 부서로 전환하였고, 퇴원후 지속적인 추적검사에서 간 효소 수치가 완전히 정상화되었고, 정상화되는 기간은 1∼2개월 정도 소요되었다. 결론 : 환례들의 임상증상, 검사결파, 노출력 및 과거력상 DMAC에 의한 독성간염으로 추정된다. Dimethylacetamide is widely used in the production of plasics, resins, synthetic fibers, and gums and in purification and crystallization processes. Inhalation of the vapor or skin absorption of the liquid of dimethylacetamide (DMAC) can cause liver damage. Toxic hepatitis possibly attributable to DMAC exposure occurred in seven works among 178 employees who had worked on a new spandex-fiber production line. A large amount of DMAC is used as a spinning solvent for synthetic fibers in the factory. The patients were aged 23-47 years old and composed of five males and two females. They were involved in the process of polymerization(1 patient), spinning(1), take-up(4) and packaging(1). The mean duration of exposure was 10 weeks. They experienced fatigue, dizziness and jaundice. The patients showed elavated total bilirubln, alanlne aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The serologic test for viral hepatitis A, B and C were negative, as were the abdominal ultrasonographic scans. Based on the presumptive diagnosis of DMAC-induced toxic hepatitis, they were removed from the workplaces. One or two months after removal from the work, the transaminase levels returned to normal. The patients had no history of significant alcohol use, blood transfusion, recent medication, and drug abuse. As a result, authors could not find any attributable cause of toxic hepatitis but the toxicity by DMAC exposure.