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Walters, K.,Tamaddon-Jahromi, H.R.,Webster, M.F.,Tome, M.F.,McKee, S. The Korean Society of Rheology 2009 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.21 No.4
In various attempts to relate the behaviour of highly-elastic liquids in complex flows to their rheometrical behaviour, obvious candidates for study have been the variation of shear viscosity with shear rate, the two normal stress differences $N_1$ and $N_2$, especially $N_1$, and the extensional viscosity $\eta_E$. In this paper, we shall be mainly interested in 'constant-viscosity' Boger fluids, and, accordingly, we shall limit attention to $N_1$ and $\eta_E$. We shall concentrate on two important flows - axisymmetric contraction flow and "splashing" (particularly that which arises when a liquid drop falls onto the tree surface of the same liquid). Modern numerical techniques are employed to provide the theoretical predictions. It is shown that the two obvious manifestations of viscoelastic rheometrical behaviour can sometimes be opposing influences in determining flow characteristics. Specifically, in an axisymmetric contraction flow, high $\eta_E$ can retard the flow, whereas high $N_1$ can have the opposite effect. In the splashing experiment, high $\eta_E$ can certainly reduce the height of the so-called Worthington jet, thus confirming some early suggestions, but, again, other rheometrical influences can also have a role to play and the overall picture may not be as clear as it was once envisaged.
Walters, K. The Korean Society of Rheology 1999 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.11 No.4
The main events in the historical development of Rheology are traced and particular attention is paid to the leading players, the controversies, the priority disputes and the nomenclature disagreements. Some of the lessons to be learned from the past are then highlighted and a positive assessment is given of the prospects for rheological research in the next millennium
K. Walters,H.R. Tamaddon-Jahromi,M.F. Webster,M.F. Tomé,S. McKee 한국유변학회 2009 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.21 No.4
In various attempts to relate the behaviour of highly-elastic liquids in complex flows to their rheometrical behaviour, obvious candidates for study have been the variation of shear viscosity with shear rate, the two normal stress differences N1 and N2, especially N1, and the extensional viscosity ηE. In this paper, we shall be mainly interested in ‘constant-viscosity’ Boger fluids, and, accordingly, we shall limit attention to N1 and ηE. We shall concentrate on two important flows - axisymmetric contraction flow and “splashing” (particularly that which arises when a liquid drop falls onto the free surface of the same liquid). Modern numerical techniques are employed to provide the theoretical predictions. It is shown that the two obvious manifestations of viscoelastic rheometrical behaviour can sometimes be opposing influences in determining flow characteristics. Specifically, in an axisymmetric contraction flow, high ηE can retard the flow, whereas high N1 can have the opposite effect. In the splashing experiment, high ηE can certainly reduce the height of the so-called Worthington jet, thus confirming some early suggestions, but, again, other rheometrical influences can also have a role to play and the overall picture may not be as clear as it was once envisaged.
J.R. Walters 대한양돈협회 1990 養豚 Vol.12 No.8
돼지의 유전적 개량이론은 수십년간 이미 존재해 왔으며 영국의 양돈산업은 영국정부와 종돈 육종회사의 "피라밋" 돈군조직을 활용한 매우 적극적인 사업계획으로 인하여 개량에 대한 과학기술의 이해 및 보급,개량의 실현에 특별히 성공적이었다. 이 시스템에서는 핵돈군에 있어 순종이나 합성종계통에서 유전적 진보가 일어난다