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Thin-Film Ovonic Threshold Switch: Its Operation and Application in Modern Integrated Circuits
Wally Czubatyj,Stephen J. Hudgens 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.2
The high current switching characteristics of the thin-film Ovonic Threshold Switch (OTS) offer unique advan-tages in modern applications. This paper covers the current theoretical understanding of the OTS switching process and highlights relevant material and device data. The paper discusses various modern applications of the OTS and OTS integration as a two terminal memory select element applicable for both PCM and RRAM. Also, a novel 3 terminal OTS device is discussed as well as other OTS application as they apply to switching and logic circuits.
Evaluating the Legacy of State-building in Timor-Leste
( Joanne Wallis ),( Guteriano Neves ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2021 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.9 No.1
With the benefit of almost 20 years of hindsight, in this article we evaluate the legacy of state-building in Timor-Leste. We find that much of the academic critique of the state-building mission has proven to be largely accurate: political and economic development has indeed been challenged by the legacy of key decisions made during the early state-building process. First, the focus on centralised state institutions has led to the underdevelopment of administrative, political, and economic decentralization. Second, the partisan nature of the constitution-making process has facilitated the continued concentration of political and economic power in the hands of certain elites. Third, the ambiguous―and at times conflictual―division of powers between state institutions has facilitated the emergence of political clientelism and undermined broad-based economic diversification and development.
Sahoo, B.,Walli, T.K.,Sharma, A.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.7
An experiment with twenty crossbred goat kids (male) of 2-3 months old, weighing about 12 kg was conducted to study the effect of feeding formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake based diet supplemented with molasses on growth rate and histopathological changes of different organs. Goats were randomly divided into four groups of 5 animals each and were individually fed for a period of 120 days. The animals in group I (URC) and II (URCM) were fed concentrate mixture (CM-I) containing untreated rape seed oil cake (30%) while, the animals in group III (TRC) and IV (TRCM) were offered concentrate mixture (CM-II) containing formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake. Further, molasses as energy source was additionally supplemented with the concentrate mixture at the rate of 8% of concentrate mixture on dry matter basis to animals in group II and IV. All the animals were maintained on roughage (Berseem hay:wheat straw = 2:1) and concentrate in 50:50 ratio. Average daily gain (g/d) of animals in group IV was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in group I., but at par with group II and III. Feed conversion efficiency was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in group IV (10.14) than group I and II but at par with group III. The growth rate however increased by 50.2% in group IV showing more consistency in maintaining highest growth rate due to better balance of nutrients. At the end of four months of feeding trial, two animals from each group were sacrificed for histopathological study of different organs. Significant histopathological changes in liver, heart, lungs tissue of animals fed untreated rape seed oil cake diet were recorded which were totally absent in the organ of animals fed formaldehyde treated cake. The liver tissue of goats receiving control diet (containing untreated rape seed oil cake) were found to be associated with engorged central vein and blood vessels. Hepatocytes were swollen, pale and degenerated with cellular infiltration and fibrosis of portal areas. The muscles of heart were found to have intermyofibral edema. Emphysema accompanied by dilated and ruptured alveoli was also recorded in lung tissue. However, histopathological examination of various tissues of goats fed formaldehyde treated cake diet did not exhibit any degenerative changes. Additional supplementation of molasses with or without treated cake diet, apparently did not have any significant effect on ameliorating the above degenerative changes.