http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Nigerian students' perceptions of mathematics in secondary education
Uzoka-Walker, Ifeoma Teachers College, Columbia University 2009 해외박사(DDOD)
In terms of Nigerian students taking mathematics courses in high school, there are a number of factors that determine how they are perceived and how they perceive mathematics. This study was designed to investigate how variables, such as parental influence, teacher influence, religious influences and gender differences, play a role in Nigerian students' perceptions of mathematics in secondary education. The results from this study assisted in answering the following questions: (1) What are Nigerian students' perceptions of mathematics in secondary education? (a) Are Nigerian students' perceptions of mathematics in secondary education gender specific? (2) How do influences from parents, teachers, and religion factor into these perceptions?. Eight of the Fenneman-Sherman Mathematics Attitudes Scales were used to measure the attitudes towards the learning of mathematics of Nigerian high school students. At conclusion of each questionnaire, the participants indicated their gender and religious affiliation. Among the gender of the participants the results of this study indicated that there was a statistical significant difference in two of the eight scales measured. Among the religious affiliations of the participants, there was a statistical difference in four of the eight scales measured. There was no statistical difference with gender and religion interaction in the eight scales. Statistical significant differences were found within questions from mother's attitudes, father's attitudes, and teacher's attitudes when gender and religion were individually measured. Leaders in Nigeria could use the results of this study to help meet educational goals by addressing the cultural and religious challenges facing Nigerian students. The findings of this study indicate that gender and religious affiliation disparities in Nigerian students should be further examined to determine strategies that could be formed to promote mathematics. Recommendations were made to the school that participated in this study to develop programs that address the cultural differences by religious affiliation to increase the parental and teacher expectations for their daughters in regard to mathematics education.
From description to prescription: Twelfth-century medicine for psychological and social health
Walker, Siovahn Amanda Stanford University 2008 해외박사(DDOD)
This dissertation is an examination of five books on human psychology written between 1135 and 1210: William of St. Thierry's De natura ivrporis el animae, Aelred of Rievaulx's De anima, Isaac of Stella's Epistola de anima, Helinand of Froidmont's De cognitione sui, and an anonymous work entitled De spirilu et anima. In it, Walker argues that the authors of these texts shared a similar view of the mind and taught that a better understanding of psychology lay at the heart of efforts to improve mental, social and spiritual health. Walker explains that all five books are libri de anima or "books on the soul" and that their authors placed the seat of the mind in the immaterial and immortal substance of soul, teaching that man's soul is made in the image of God and operates within the body as God operates within the world, or a king within his kingdom---i.e., by "animating" the body social or politic. Accordingly, soul was possessed (literally) by individuals and (metaphorically) by their institutions, states and societies, with the result that the health of individuals and collectives was discussed using identical language. From here, Walker goes on to describe the exact structure of the soul and the essentially hierarchical nature of twelfth-century psycho-civic metaphor as a necessary prelude to uncovering the methods prescribed for optimizing inward health (i.e., soul-health). Through close examination of the texts, Walker argues that one can separate out descriptive and prescriptive psychology by identifying the structures of the mind discussed in the texts and then identifying the authors' ethical prescriptions---prescriptions which are also, in effect, psychological and psycho-civic medicines. These medicines are generally cultivatable virtues (i.e., labor, love of learning, contemplation, obedience) and appear in the texts for three reasons: (1) they promote individual mental health, (2) they improve the health (i.e., cohesion and effectiveness) of institutions and communities, and (3) they lead individuals and communities upward to God. Substantial theoretical influence claimed for positive psychology.
Walker, Bridget Anne University of Washington 2006 해외박사(DDOD)
An increasing number of schools in this country are initiating systemic positive behavior support (PBS) efforts to support students with or at-risk of school failure. In doing so, it is helpful for schools to have access to a self-assessment process, which utilizes benchmarks related to evidence-based practices to help them evaluate their progress towards effective implementation. While some tools exist which specifically measure the school-wide, or primary level, of PBS supports, no measure has yet been established that allows schools to rate the level at which their systems at all three levels of the PBS model (primary, secondary, and tertiary) are in place. The BEACONS Project at the University of Washington has developed a PBS Self-Assessment and Program Review (Cheney & Walker, 2003), which consists of 10 evidence-based practices or subscales, that include evidence-based indicators related to systems at all three levels of the PBS model. School staff rate their level of implementation using a Likert scale of 1 to 5 on each practice, meet as a team to discuss their findings and determine a team rating on the practice, then use the results to provide feedback for developing and evaluating school improvement efforts. This study describes techniques for establishing the initial reliability and validity of this self-assessment to determine if the measure warrants a larger scale psychometric study. Initial results indicate that the measure has both good reliability and validity in most areas. However, there were some issues associated with establishing criterion validity.