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Wajid Nasim,Asghari Bano 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.4
The effects of Nitrogen (N) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth and development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var. Hysun-33) grown in the greenhouse under a natural environment were studied. The N-use efficiency of a sunflower crop grown under three N rates (N1 = 0 kg ha-1, N2 = 120 kg ha-1, and N3 = 240 kg ha-1) and three PGPR levels (R1 = 0 kg ha-1, R2 = 30 kg ha-1, and R3 = 60 kg ha-1) were investigated. The maximum amount of N resulted in higher total dry matter production per plant and the effect was prominent from 34 days after sowing (DAS). Seed yields differed significantly among different sunflower crops especially at limiting N supply, with significant shifts according to the N level. N uptake was an important parameter for yield at all N rates. The 240 kg N ha-1 treatments provided the maximum yield, while the oil contents in these treatments of higher yield showed a lower oil content (%). Harvest index was also significantly correlated to yield across N rates; however, its importance depended much on environmental conditions as well. It can be inferred from the study that sunflower crop is well-supplied with respect to growth, development, yield and yield components, to enhance N efficiency and depends very much on the N supply. All the parameters gave maximum results with the increment of N while PGPR regimes had no prominent impact on the sunflower crop,the target environment, and the target yield level grown under a specified controlled glasshouse environment.
Using Growth and Ionic Contents of Wheat Seedlings as Rapid Screening Tool for Salt Tolerance
Wajid Mahboob,Muhammad Athar Khan,Muhammad Ubaidullah Shirazi,Saba Mumtaz,Aisha Shereen 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.2
High germination percentage with vigorous early growth is preferred for harvesting good wheat stand under saline soils. Therefore, an attempt for rapid screening of wheat genotypes for salt tolerance was made in this study. Eleven wheat genotypes including salt tolerant check Kiran-95were subjected to salinity (120 and 160 mMNaCl) along with non-saline,control. Results showed a gradual decrease in seed germination and restricted seedling growth in tested wheat genotypes inㅡresponse to increasing NaCl concentration in nutrient solution. Among the genotypes, NIA-AS-14-6 and NIA-AS-14-7 exhibited more sensitivity towards the salt stress at the germination stage but NIA-AS-14-6 performed quite satisfactorily later on at the seedling stage. Wheat genotypes NIA-AS-14-2, NIA-AS-14-4, NIA-AS-14-5, NIA-AS-14-10, and Kiran-95 showed better performance in term of root-shoot length, plant biomasses (fresh and dry), K+:Na+ ratio with least Na+ content, and high accumulation of K+ at higher levels of NaCl stress. On the basis of overall results, the categorization of genotypes was carried out as sensitive, moderately tolerant, and tolerant. Wheat genotypes NIA-AS-14-2, NIA-AS-14-4, NIA-AS-14-5, NIA-AS-14-10, and Kiran-95 grouped as tolerant, moderately salt tolerant group comprised of NIA-AS-14-1, NIA-AS-14-3, NIA-AS-14-6, and NIA-AS-14-8, whereas, NIA-AS-14-7 and NIA-AS-14-9 were found sensitive to salt stress. Principal component analysis revealed that components I and II contributed 70 and 16.5%, respectively. All growth parameters are associated with each other except RDW. In addition to growth traits, low Na+ and improved K+ content with better K+:Na+ ratio may be used for screening of salt tolerance in wheat as potential physiological criteria.
Towards Improving Causality Mining using BERT with Multi-level Feature Networks
Wajid Ali,WanLi Zuo,Rahman Ali,Gohar Rahman,Xianglin Zuo,Inam Ullah 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.10
Causality mining in NLP is a significant area of interest, which benefits in many daily life applications, including decision making, business risk management, question answering, future event prediction, scenario generation, and information retrieval. Mining those causalities was a challenging and open problem for the prior non-statistical and statistical techniques using web sources that required hand-crafted linguistics patterns for feature engineering, which were subject to domain knowledge and required much human effort. Those studies overlooked implicit, ambiguous, and heterogeneous causality and focused on explicit causality mining. In contrast to statistical and non-statistical approaches, we present Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) integrated with Multi-level Feature Networks (MFN) for causality recognition, called BERT+MFN for causality recognition in noisy and informal web datasets without human-designed features. In our model, MFN consists of a three-column knowledge-oriented network (TC-KN), bi-LSTM, and Relation Network (RN) that mine causality information at the segment level. BERT captures semantic features at the word level. We perform experiments on Alternative Lexicalization (AltLexes) datasets. The experimental outcomes show that our model outperforms baseline causality and text mining techniques.
Nasim, Wajid,Bano, Asghari 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.4
The effects of Nitrogen (N) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth and development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var. Hysun-33) grown in the greenhouse under a natural environment were studied. The N-use efficiency of a sunflower crop grown under three N rates ($N_1=0kg\;ha^{-1}$, $N_2=120kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $N_3=240kg\;ha^{-1}$) and three PGPR levels ($R_1=0kg\;ha^{-1}$, $R_2=30kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $R_3=60kg\;ha^{-1}$) were investigated. The maximum amount of N resulted in higher total dry matter production per plant and the effect was prominent from 34 days after sowing (DAS). Seed yields differed significantly among different sunflower crops especially at limiting N supply, with significant shifts according to the N level. N uptake was an important parameter for yield at all N rates. The 240 kg N $ha^{-1}$ treatments provided the maximum yield, while the oil contents in these treatments of higher yield showed a lower oil content (%). Harvest index was also significantly correlated to yield across N rates; however, its importance depended much on environmental conditions as well. It can be inferred from the study that sunflower crop is well-supplied with respect to growth, development, yield and yield components, to enhance N efficiency and depends very much on the N supply. All the parameters gave maximum results with the increment of N while PGPR regimes had no prominent impact on the sunflower crop, the target environment, and the target yield level grown under a specified controlled glasshouse environment.
Muhammad Wajid Ullah,Waleed Ahmad Khattak,Mazhar Ul-Islam,Shaukat Khan,박중곤 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.3
This study was intended to develop an encapsulated yeast cell-free system (EyCFS) by confining yeast cell-free lysate within a calcium alginate capsule. The system was evaluated for bio-ethanol production at elevated temperatures and was compared to a bare yeast cell-free system (ByCFS). Fermentation of 10 g/L glucose with shaking (150 rpm), using 2 mg/mL cell-free proteins in the ByCFS produced 3.31 g/L bio-ethanol, corresponding to 65% of the maximal theoretical yield, at 45°C and pH 7.0. On the contrary, the EyCFS produced 4.12 g/L bioethanol, corresponding to 81% of the maximal theoretical yield, under the same experimental conditions. The EyCFS also retained 32% of its original activity after 15 consecutive batches. We observed an 11% increase in bio-ethanol production after replenishment of cofactors (ATP and NADH) and ATPase. The weight-based total turnover number (TTNw; 0.82 × 103), cost ratio (R value; 1.22), and yield (80.4%) indicated the economic suitability of the EyCFS for large-scale production. Connecting the EyCFS with an encapsulated saccharification system through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) resulted in production of 4.87 g/L bio-ethanol, corresponding to 87.6% of the maximal theoretical yield. This system resolved serious limitations of conventional simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in bare cell-free systems. These data demonstrates the superiority of the proposed system in terms of thermal stability, yield, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.