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Measurement uncertainty in building acoustics
Volker Wittstock 한국소음진동공학회 2018 한국소음진동공학회 세미나 Vol.2018 No.11
Typical uncertainties given in ISO 12999-1 and possibly ISO 12999-2 come from many round robins Typical uncertainties are the most likely ones Results from individual round robins may differ from typical values given in ISO 12999-1 and -2
FTY720: Mechanism of Action and Potential Benefit in Organ Transplantation
Volker Brinkmann 연세대학교의과대학 2004 Yonsei medical journal Vol.45 No.6
FTY720 is a novel immunomodulator that has proven effective in animal models of transplantation and autoimmunity, has achieved promising results in Phase I and Phase II studies of renal transplantation in humans, and is currently undergoing phase III studies. FTY720 acts as a high-affinity agonist at the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1), where it internalises the receptor and causes alterations to the normal circulation of lymphocytes between the blood and lymphoid tissue. Unlike conventional immunosuppressants, FTY720 does not impair the activation, proliferation or effector functions of T- and B-cells. Further development of FTY720 is in progress, including trials in autoimmune disorders as well as transplantation. This review summarises the mechanism of action of FTY720, its effects in models of transplantation and autoimmunity, and results from clinical trials in humans.
Economic Integration and the Core-Periphery Pattern: an Evolutionary Way to the Core
( Volker Letzner ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.3
The paper presents a core-periphery model with export fixed costs. Therefore it is possible to distinguish export and non-export firms and to determine four possible equilibria of regional allocation. The model predicts an evolutionary way to a more concentrated economic geography. (JEL Classification: F)
‘Natural’ Trading Blocs: A Closer Look
( Volker Nitsch ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.4
It is occasionally argued that the formation of trading blocs between geographically proximate countries should be encouraged because positive welfare effects are more likely to outweigh negative welfare effects. This paper presents a simple differentiated products model that allows to test whether the formation of a ‘natural’ trading bloc, first, is indeed increasing world welfare and, second, is welfare-superior to the formation of an ‘unnatural’ trading bloc. Simulations show that, while the removal of trade barriers always improves world welfare, ‘unnatural’ bloc formation may, under some conditions, be welfare-superior to the formation of trading blocs along ‘natural’ lines. The concept of ‘natural’ trading blocs is therefore a misguided prescription. (JEL Classification: F15)
Body Sway as a Possible Indicator of Fatigue in Clerical Workers
Volker, Ina,Kirchner, Christine,Bock, Otmar Leo,Wascher, Edmund Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.3
Background: Fatigue has a strong impact on workers' performance and safety, but expedient methods for assessing fatigue on the job are not yet available. Studies discuss posturography as an indicator of fatigue, but further evidence for its use in the workplace is needed. The purpose of the study is to examine whether posturography is a suitable indicator of fatigue in clerical workers. Methods: Thirty-six employees (${\emptyset}$ 34.8 years, standard deviation = 12.5) participated in postural tasks (eyes open, eyes closed, arm swinging, and dual task) in the morning and afternoon. Position of their center of pressure (COP) was registered using a Nintendo Wii Balance Board and commercial software. From registered COP time series, we calculated the following parameters: path length (mm), velocity (mm/s), anterior-posterior variance (mm), mediolateral variance (mm), and confidence area ($mm^2$). These parameters were reduced to two orthogonal factors in a factor analysis with varimax rotation. Results: Statistical analysis of the first factor (path length and velocity) showed a significant effect of time of day: COP moved along a shorter path at a lower velocity in the afternoon compared with that in the morning. There also was a significant effect of task, but no significant interaction. Conclusion: Data suggest that postural stability of clerical workers was comparable in the morning and afternoon, but COP movement was greater in the morning. Within the framework of dynamic systems theory, this could indicate that the postural system explored the state space in more detail, and thus was more ready to respond to unexpected perturbations in the morning.