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Single-molecule photophysics of oxazines on DNA and its application in a FRET switch
Vogelsang, Jan,Cordes, Thorben,Tinnefeld, Philip Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.4
The role and interplay of triplet states and radical ion states in single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has recently been elaborated providing us with new insights into the photophysics and photobleaching pathways of fluorescent dyes. Adjustment of fluorophore redox properties in combination with specific redox properties of the environment, i.e. addition of reducing and oxidizing agents, allows control of the emission properties: it has become possible to suppress blinking and to also induce blinking in single-molecule fluorescence transient by selectively opening and closing specific excited state pathways. Induced blinking is, for example, of interest for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy based on the subsequent localization of single fluorophores. For oxazines this control even allowed the separation of the influence of reducing and oxidizing agents, enabling switching the fluorescence of single fluorophores. Here, we study the factors that contribute to the kinetics of the photophysical pathways more closely with a focus on the photophysics of the oxazine ATTO655 labeled to DNA. Our data show that the oxazine ATTO655 interacts with DNA, shielding it efficiently from reagents in solution. Besides redox reactions, the pH also influences the blinking kinetics and especially the off-times. Moreover, we present the extension of ATTO655 as a single-molecule redox sensor to a ratiometric fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer based sensor. Therefore, we designed FRET probes that showed the highest possible contrast of FRET changes and demonstrate reversible FRET-switching of Cy3B-ATTO655 DNA constructs.
What has been maintaining Germany’s Competitiveness in Manufacturing?
Federico Foders,Manuel Molina Vogelsang 한국경제연구원 2013 한국경제연구원 세미나자료 Vol.13 No.18
The German economy has been outperforming other member countries of the European Union during the recent Great Recession and the ongoing European financial crisis and in spite of the strong incentives for outsourcing/offshoring manufacturing activity existing in the world economy. What are the determinants of this surprising outcome This paper sets out to empirically analyze the trade and technology specialization and the price/cost performance of the German economy over the last decades. Drawing on standard indicators of trade and technology specialization (Revealed Comparative Advantage, Relative Export Advantage, Relative Import Advantage, Revealed Patent Advantage) and of the country’s price/cost position (real effective exchange rate, unit labor cost, labor productivity), complemented by data on R&D expenditures and personnel, we identify the leading product groups in German industry. Furthermore we use the unit value approach to determine whether the competitiveness of German manufacturing products is related to price or quality advantage. Also, we estimate the degree of vertical specialization characterizing the German export sector in order to identify the role global value chains play in strengthening Germany’s competitiveness. All indicators are calculated for Germany, Korea, China, Japan and the United States for the period 1990-2011. Our results confirm the work of other authors as concerns the specialization of Germany in the field of products representing medium-range technology. In contrast to most other studies we conclude that quality is the main driver of German international competitiveness and that the evolution of price and cost indicators and particularly the R&D efforts have contributed to develop and maintain German competitiveness in manufactured products. Finally, the paper briefly discusses issues in public policy, particularly R&D activity and human capital accumulation, in the light of the empirical findings and taking into account major future challenges to industrial production faced by the world economy.
Changes in Properties of Different Soils Exposed to Paddy Management
Angelika Koelbl,Klaus Kaiser,Livia Urbanski,Peter Schad,Pauline Geier,Vanessa Vogelsang,Reinhold Jahn,Eva Lehndorff,Wulf Amelung,Sri Rahayu Utami,Zhi-Hong Cao,Karsten Kalbitz,Michael Schloter,Andrea B 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6