INCIDENCE OF CORRUPTION ON FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS: IS THERE ANY SYMMETRY?

Vivekananda Mukherjee,APARAJITA ROY 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2019 Journal of Economic Development Vol.44 No.3

Do the formal and informal sectors of production react symmetrically to higher frequency of corruption? The theoretical model developed in the paper qualifies the answer and explains certain empirical observations. In the informal sector while an increased frequency of corruption increases the entry cost, in the formal sector the effect remains uncertain. While abundance of firms definitely falls in the formal sector, in the informal sector it may either rise or fall in the economies with high share of formal sector employment and unambiguously falls in the economies with low share of formal sector employment. Finally, while the firm size distribution shifts towards relatively larger firms in the formal sector, in the informal sector the effect on firm size distribution remains uncertain in the economies with high share of formal sector employment and it shifts towards smaller size firms in the economies with low share of formal sector employment.

WILLFUL DEFAULT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY BANKING SYSTEM: A THEORETICAL EXERCISE

Samaresh Bardhan,Vivekananda Mukherjee 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2013 Journal of Economic Development Vol.38 No.4

We construct a sequential game to highlight the incidence of ‘willful default’ in a developing country banking system where the borrowing unit underreports its true financial position and defaults willfully. Specifically, the paper deals with the implications of willful default for profitability and ultimate loan decision-making process of the banks. It shows that if limited liability condition holds and the conditions of willful default are satisfied, the bank will extend maximum possible amount of loan. However, it also follows that higher the loan capacity of the bank, the higher is the incidence of willful default. These would imply important policy lessons for the regulator. In fact, the regulator faces a trade-off between higher incidence of willful default and higher profitability of the bank. What we observe in reality depends on the objective of the regulator.

An Algorithm for Splitting a Box by a Loop and Its Applications in Manufacturing

Kheerwal, Anoop,Shanmuganathan, Vivekananda,Shringi, Rohitashwa,Karunakaran, Karuna P. Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2003 International Journal of CAD/CAM Vol.3 No.1

During the design of dies and molds, the cavity of the object is obtained by subtracting it from a surrounding rectangular block. This box is subsequently split into two halves by the parting surface. Similar problems also occur in some RP processes such as LOM, SGC, SLS and 3DP where the machine produces a block inside which the prototype is buried. Determining the orientation of the object inside the box and the corresponding parting surface taking appropriate constraints into account have been addressed by several researchers. However, given the parting surface, the problem of splitting the box development of a software package called OptiLOM (now a module of an RP software Magics 8.0), the authors realized non-triviality of this problem since the loop can spread over as many as 5 faces of the box. In this paper, the authors have tried to bring out the importance of this problem and have presented their algorithm to solve it.

Development and Characterization of Reference Materials for Genetic Testing: Focus on Public Partnerships

Lisa V. Kalman,Vivekananda Datta,Mickey Williams,Justin M. Zook,Marc L. Salit,한진영 대한진단검사의학회 2016 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.36 No.6

Characterized reference materials (RMs) are needed for clinical laboratory test development and validation, quality control procedures, and proficiency testing to assure their quality. In this article, we review the development and characterization of RMs for clinical molecular genetic tests. We describe various types of RMs and how to access and utilize them, especially focusing on the Genetic Testing Reference Materials Coordination Program (Get-RM) and the Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) Consortium. This review also reinforces the need for collaborative efforts in the clinical genetic testing community to develop additional RMs.

Serum Biochemical, Histopathology and SEM Analyses of the Effects of the Indian Traditional Herb Wattakaka Volubilis Leaf Extract on Wistar Male Rats

Gopal, Velmani,Mandal, Vivekananda,Tangjang, Sumpam,Mandal, Subhash C. KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2014 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.17 No.1

Objectives: The present study investigated the protective effect of Wattakaka (W.) volubilis leaf extract against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (with six rats in each group) and were fed ad libitum. The rats were fasted for sixteen hours before diabetes was induced by injecting a single dose of 90 mg/kg body weight of STZ in 0.9-percent normal saline through an intraperitoneal route. The five groups were as follows: Group 1: normal control (saline-treated), Group 2: untreated diabetic rats, Groups 3 and 4: diabetic rats treated orally with petroleum ether cold maceration extract (PEME) of W. volubilis (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight), and Group 5: diabetic rats treated orally with metformin (250 mg/kg body weight). All rats received treatment for 21 days. For the STZ-induced diabetic rats, the blood-glucose, ${\alpha}$-amylase, total protein and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were measured on days 7, 14 and 21 of the treatment with PEME of W. volubilis and the treatment with metformin. Histopathological changes in the liver were examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Morphological changes in the liver were also examined with glutaraldehyde fixation. Results: The treatments with PEME of W. volubilis and with metformin in experimental rats by oral injections for 21 days produced reductions in the levels of serum biochemical markers. Histopathology and scanning electron microscopy results showed that the administrations of PEME of W. volubilis and of metformin suppressed the generation of abnormal liver cells in the STZ-treated rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that both PEME of W. volubilis and metformin have a protective effect against STZ-induced diabetes.

Photometric study of an eclipsing binary in Praesepe

Priya, Devarapalli Shanti,Sriram, Kandulapati,Rao, Pasagada Vivekananda IOP Publishing 2013 Research in astronomy and astrophysics Vol.13 No.4

Serum Biochemical, Histopathology and SEM Analyses of the Effects of the Indian Traditional Herb Wattakaka Volubilis Leaf Extract on Wistar Male Rats

Velmani Gopal,Subhash C Mandal,Vivekananda Mandal,Sumpam Tangjang 대한약침학회 2014 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.17 No.1

Objectives: The present study investigated the protective effect of Wattakaka (W.) volubilis leaf extract against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (with six rats in each group) and were fed ad libitum. The rats were fasted for sixteen hours before diabetes was induced by injecting a single dose of 90 mg/kg body weight of STZ in 0.9-percent normal saline through an intraperitoneal route. The five groups were as follows: Group 1: normal control (saline-treated), Group 2: untreated diabetic rats, Groups 3 and 4: diabetic rats treated orally with petroleum ether cold maceration extract (PEME) of W. volubilis (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight), and Group 5: diabetic rats treated orally with metformin (250 mg/kg body weight). All rats received treatment for 21 days. For the STZ-induced diabetic rats, the blood-glucose, α-amylase, total protein and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were measured on days 7, 14 and 21 of the treatment with PEME of W. volubilis and the treatment with metformin. Histopathological changes in the liver were examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Morphological changes in the liver were also examined with glutaraldehyde fixation. Results: The treatments with PEME of W. volubilis and with metformin in experimental rats by oral injections for 21 days produced reductions in the levels of serum biochemical markers. Histopathology and scanning electron microscopy results showed that the administrations of PEME of W. volubilis and of metformin suppressed the generation of abnormal liver cells in the STZ-treated rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that both PEME of W. volubilis and metformin have a protective effect against STZ-induced diabetes.

ASAS J083241+2332.4: A NEW EXTREME LOW MASS RATIO OVERCONTACT BINARY SYSTEM

Sriram, K.,Malu, S.,Choi, C. S.,Vivekananda Rao, P. American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astronomical journal Vol.151 No.3

<P>We present the R-and V-band CCD photometry and H alpha line studies of an overcontact binary ASAS J083241+2332.4. The light curves exhibit totality along with a trace of the O'Connell effect. The photometric solution indicates that this system falls into the category of extreme low-mass ratio overcontact binaries with a mass ratio, q similar to 0.06. Although a trace of the O' Connell effect is observed, constancy of the H alpha line along various phases suggest that a relatively higher magnetic activity is needed for it to show a prominent fill-in effect. The study of O-C variations reveals that the period of the binary shows a secular increase at the rate of dP/dt similar to 0.0765 s years(-1), which is superimposed by a low, but significant, sinusoidal modulation with a period of similar to 8.25 years. Assuming that the sinusoidal variation is due to the presence of a third body, orbital elements have been derived. There exist three other similar systems, SX Crv, V857 Her, and E53, which have extremely low mass ratios and we conclude that ASAS J083241+2332.4 resembles SX Crv in many respects. Theoretical studies indicate that at a critical mass ratio range, q(critical) = 0.07-0.09, overcontact binaries should merge and form a fast rotating star, but it has been suggested that q(critical) can continue to fall up to 0.05 depending on the primary's mass and structure. Moreover, the obtained fill-out factors (50%-70%) indicate that mass loss is considerable and hydrodynamical simulations advocate that mass loss from L-2 is mandatory for a successful merging process. Comprehensively, the results indicate that ASAS J083241+2332.4 is at a stage of merger. The pivotal role played by the subtle nature of the derived mass ratio in forming a rapidly rotating star has been discussed.</P>

A Study of the<i>Kepler K2</i>Variable EPIC 211957146 Exhibiting a Variable O’ Connell Effect

Sriram, K.,Malu, S.,Choi, C. S.,Rao, P. Vivekananda American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astronomical journal Vol.153 No.5

<P>We present the multi-band photometric and spectroscopic study of an over-contact binary system, EPIC 211957146. The light curves exhibit a variable O' Connell effect, confirmed from our observational data and the Kepler K2 data. The best photometric solution incorporating a dark spot over the primary component unveils that the system has a low-mass ratio (q similar to 0.17) and a high inclination (i similar to 85 degrees). To confirm the solution and constrain the uncertainty, Monte-Carlo simulations are performed and the results are reported. Based on the O-C diagram analysis, we see that the variable shows a period increase at the rate of dP/dt similar to 1.06. x. 10(-6) days yr(-1), which is higher than the theoretically predicted value. Presence of a third body having a period of similar to 16.23 years is evident from the O-C diagram. No filled-in effect is observed in the Ha line, while the effect is vividly present in the Na line. From the Kepler K2 data, we found that the primary and secondary minima exhibit an anti-correlated O-C variation followed by an erratic behavior. This is possibly caused by the longitudinal motion of the spot, and hence, we set a lower limit of similar to 40 days for the spot modulation. We also observe a possibly associated photometric difference in the primary depth by comparing our light curves with Kepler K2 normalized light curves. This system has a low-mass ratio and a high fill-out factor, and, theoretically, such a physical configuration would lead to a merger.</P>

Possible Presence of a Third Body in the<i>Kepler K2</i>Variable EPIC 202073314

Sriram, K.,Malu, S.,Choi, C. S.,Rao, P. Vivekananda American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astronomical journal Vol.155 No.4