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- 저자 : Viswanathan, (검색결과 102 건)
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Vibhu Krishnan Viswanathan,Surabhi Subramanian,Sushma Viswanathan 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.4
Study Design: Radiological cohort study. Purpose: The options of posteriorly stabilizing C7 vertebra include using lateral mass, pedicle or lamina, as bony anchors. The current study is a computed tomography (CT)-based morphometric analysis of C7 vertebra of 100 Indian patients and discusses the feasibility of these different techniques. Overview of Literature: C7 is a peculiar vertebra with unique anatomy, which poses challenges for each of these fixation modalities. There are no reports available in the literature, which discuss and compare the feasibility of diverse posterior C7 fixation techniques in Indian population. Methods: We included 100 consecutive cervical spine CT scans of Indian patients performed between July 2016 and September 2016. We excluded CT scans with any significant congenital anomaly or other pathological lesions of C7 and patients with non-Indian ethnicity. Regarding screw placement, we assessed and studied various dimensions of the C7 lateral mass, pedicles, and laminae in relevant sections. Results: The mean age of our patients was 49.5±16.1 years. We included 56 male and 44 female patients. The mean anteroposterior and mediolateral dimensions of the lateral mass were 11.38±1.76 and 12.91±1.82 mm, respectively. The mean length of the lateral mass screw (Magerl technique) was 12.17±1.9 mm; 92% of patients could accommodate a lateral mass screw at least 10-mm long (unicortical), whereas 48% could accommodate a screw (unicortical) longer than 12 mm. Foramen transversarium was found in 30.5% of lateral masses. The mean outer and inner cortical widths of the pedicles were 6.5±0.71 mm and 3.72±0.61 mm, respectively. Approximately 58% of pedicles could accommodate 3.5-mm screws (based on the inner cortical pedicle width). The outer cortical and inner cortical widths of the laminae were 6.21±1.2 mm and 3.23±0.9 mm, respectively. Subsequently, 37% of the laminae could accommodate 3.5-mm screws. The mean angle of intralaminar screw trajectory was 50.7°±5.1°, and the mean length of the intralaminar screw was 32.6±3.05 mm. In addition, 96.4% and 60.7% of male patients could accommodate lateral mass screws longer than 10 mm and 12 mm, respectively. However, only 86.4% and 31.8% of female patients could accommodate 10- and 12-mm long lateral mass screws, respectively. Furthermore, 75% of male patients and 36% of female patients had pedicles that could accommodate 3.5-mm diameter screws, and 48.2% of male patients had laminae that could accommodate 3.5-mm screws; however, only 22.7% of female patients could accommodate 3.5-mm laminar screws. Conclusions: Based on our CT-guided morphometric analysis, 92% and 48% of Indian patients could accommodate at least 10- and 12-mm long lateral mass screws, and 58% of pedicles and 37% of laminae could accommodate 3.5-mm screws. Thus, lateral mass screws (between 10- and 12-mm long) seem to be the safest feasible option for C7 fixation. In case of the need for an alternative mode of stabilization (pedicle or intralaminar screw), particularly in female patients, careful preoperative planning with a CT scan is of utmost importance.
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Performance and evaluation of MoS2 based machining using PVD-TiAlN coated tool
Viswanathan Sivaraman,Subramanian Prakash 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.9
A recent trend on turning of difficult-to-machine (DTM) materials using environmentally friendly vegetable oil has became popular due to its immense machinability aids. Conventional cutting oils fail to give cooling/lubrication at higher cutting speed-feed combination and create environmental pollution. The present work investigated the effect of molybdenum disulphide nanoparticle (nMoS 2 ) dispersed in castor oil, as a cutting fluid, sprayed using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique on turning of AISI O1 cold worked tool steel. The machining was carried out by varying the speed ranging from 110-170 m/min, a feed rate of 0.02-0.08 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.7 mm. PVD-TiAlN coated tungsten carbide insert was used for the experimentation. The experimental results of nMQL condition were compared with the dry and wet condition. The results proved that application nMQL has given 15-49 % enhanced tool life with better surface finish as compared with dry and wet condition, respectively. No major phase change occurs in nMQL when compared with other conditions because of their low cutting temperature.
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Viswanathan Perumal,Lee Dohun,Manivannan Shanmugam,Yim Taeeun,Kim Kyuwon 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.3
The present work demonstrates a monolayer self-assembly of methioninecapped gold nanodots (AuNDs) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its application in various electrocatalytic reactions. Positively charged poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PADA)-modified GCE was used as electrode substrate and monolayer assembly of negatively charged AuNDs was performed over PADA-modified GCE by simple dipping method. The successful modification of AuNDs on GCE was confirmed by characteristic cyclic voltammetry behavior of gold oxidation and reduction. Further to optimize the dipping time duration of AuNDs self-assembly, dipping time-dependent electrocatalysis was performed. Interestingly, the prepared AuNDs self-assembled electrodes exhibit very good electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of oxygen with excellent methanol tolerance and simultaneous electrooxidation of pollutants and food additives, nitrite, and sulfite ions.
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CIGS thin film solar cells by electrodeposition
Viswanathan S. Saji,이상민,이치우 한국전기화학회 2011 한국전기화학회지 Vol.14 No.2
Thin film solar cells with chalcopyrite CuInSe_2/Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 absorber materials,commonly known as “CIS/CIGS solar cells” have recently attracted significant research interest as a potential alternative energy-harvesting system for the next generation. Among the different deposition techniques available for the CIGS absorber layer, electrodeposition is an effective and low cost alternative to vacuum based deposition methods. This article reviews progress in the area of CIGS solar cells with an emphasis on electrodeposited absorber layer. Existing challenges in fabrication of stoichiometric absorber layer are highlighted.
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Biofiltration of volatile organic compound using two packing materials: Kinetics and modelling
Viswanathan Saravanan,Manivasagan Rajasimman,Natarajan Rajamohan 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.10
The performance of two laboratory scale biofilters, packed with pressmud (BF1) and sugarcane bagasse (BF2), was evaluated for gas phase ethylacetate removal under various operating conditions. Biofilters were inoculated with mixed culture obtained from pharmaceutical wastewater sludge. Experiments were carried out at different flow rates (0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12 m3 h−1) and inlet ethylacetate concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.2 gm−3). Maximum removal efficiency (RE) of 100% and 98% was achieved at an inlet concentration of 0.2 gm−3 and gas flow rate of 0.03m3 h−1 in BF1 and BF2, respectively. A maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 66.6 gm−3 h−1 and 64.1 gm−3 h−1 was obtained in BF1 and BF2, respectively, at an inlet concentration of 0.8 gm−3 and a gas flow rate of 0.12 m3 h−1. The kinetics of biofiltration of ethylacetate was studied by using Ottengraf and van den Oever model. The kinetic modelling gives an insight into the mechanism of biofiltration. The modified Ottengraf model, which was also tested, demonstrated good agreement between calculated and experimental data.
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Capacity region of the 3 receiver state dependent multilevel BC with noncausal state information
Viswanathan Ramachandran 한국통신학회 2017 ICT Express Vol.3 No.3
We consider a three receiver state dependent multilevel broadcast channel (BC), where the state information is known non-causally at the encoder as well as all the decoders. This is an extension of Nair and El Gamal’s three receiver multilevel BC (Nair and El Gamal, 2009), wherein two of the receivers decode only a common message while a third receiver decodes a private message as well. The objective is to characterize the rate tuples that are simultaneously achievable while ensuring negligible probability of error at each of the receivers. We characterize the capacity region of this setup in the paper.
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Viswanathan, K.K.,Kim, Kyung Su,Lee, Jang Hyun,Lee, Chang Hyun,Lee, Jae Beom Techno-Press 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.28 No.6
Free axisymmetric vibrations of layered cylindrical shells of variable thickness are studied using spline function approximation techniques. Three different types of thickness variations are considered namely linear, exponential and sinusoidal. The equations of axisymmetric motion of layered cylindrical shells, on the longitudinal and transverse displacement components are obtained using Love's first approximation theory. A system of coupled differential equations on displacement functions are obtained by assuming the displacements in a separable form. Then the displacements are approximated using Bickley-spline approximation. The vibrations of two-layered cylindrical shells, made up of several types of layered materials and different boundary conditions are considered. Parametric studies have been made on the variation of frequency parameter with respect to the relative layer thickness, length ratio and type of thickness variation parameter.
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Viswanathan, K.K.,Javed, Saira,Aziz, Zainal Abdul Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.45 No.2
Free vibration of symmetric angle-ply layered conical shell frusta of variable thickness is analyzed under shear deformation theory with different boundary conditions by applying collocation with spline approximation. Linear and exponential variation in thickness of layers are assumed in axial direction. Displacements and rotational functions are approximated by Bickley-type splines of order three and obtained a generalized eigenvalue problem. This problem is solved numerically for an eigenfrequency parameter and an associated eigenvector of spline coefficients. The vibration of three and five-layered conical shells, made up of two different type of materials are considered. Parametric studies are made for analysing the frequencies of the shell with respect to the coefficients of thickness variations, length-to-radius ratio, length-to-thickness ratio and ply angles with different combination of the materials. The results are compared with the available data and new results are presented in terms of tables and graphs.
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