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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Oxadiazole Derivatives from Benzimidazole
Vishwanathan, Balasubramanaya,Gurupadayya, Bannimath Korean Chemical Society 2014 대한화학회지 Vol.58 No.5
In the present study, a series of novel N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl-5-[(hetero)aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methanamine (4a-4j) were efficiently synthesized. Condensation of hydrazide derivative 3 with various carboxylic acid derivatives yielded N-[(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methy](5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methanamine (4a-4j) and compound 5-{[(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methylamino]methyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (4k) was obtained on treating hydrazide 3 with carbon disulfide. All the newly synthesized analogues were characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR and mass spectral data.
Vishwanathan Sadishkumar,Rama Kolanchiammal,Kadirvelu Jeevaratnam 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.6
The objectives of this study were to deduce the effect of Piper betle leaves on lactofermentation of the idli batter, characterize the potent lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and elucidate their beneficial properties in soymilk fermentation. Twenty potent LAB isolates (11 bacilli and 9 cocci) showing potent antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens were obtained from the seventy isolates screened. The 20 isolates identified using 16S rRNA and Multiplex PCR, belonged to Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Among the 20 isolates, KJBC11, KJBB56, KJBB37, and KJBC67 exhibited high phytase activity in phytate hydrolysis. The isolates, KJBC67, KJBC06, and KJBB56 were used in soymilk fermentation which showed considerable reduction in the polyphenol content and trypsin inhibitory activity. The isolates KJBB37 and KJBC04 showed about 56% DPPH scavenging activity in LAB fermented soymilk compared to unfermented soymilk. Thus, this study provides the beneficial potentials of LAB isolates.
Responsiveness of Commonly Used Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments in Lumbar Microdiscectomy
Karthik Vishwanathan,Ian Braithwaite 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.5
Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Purpose: To evaluate the comparative responsiveness of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI, version 2.0), 24-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) physical component score (PCS), and SF-12 mental component score (MCS) in patients that underwent micro-discectomy for lumbar disc herniation. Overview of Literature: Responsiveness is a context specific term and no study has reported the responsiveness of ODI version 2.0, RMDQ, SF-12 PCS, or SF-12 MCS in discectomy patients. Methods: Responsiveness was assessed using distribution-based methods (effect size [ES], standardized response means [SRM], SRM difference between patients who improved and those who did not show improvement [SRM difference]), and the anchor-based method (area under the curve [AUC] of receiver operating characteristic curves). Values of ES and SRM higher than 0.8, and AUC value higher than 0.7 suggest adequate responsiveness. Outcome instrument demonstrating the highest value of SRM difference and AUC was considered the most responsive. Results: Responsiveness was assessed in 98 participants at a mean follow-up time of 12 weeks postoperatively. The overall ES of RMDQ, ODI, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS was 2.15, 2.11, 2.08, and 0.86, respectively. The overall SRM of ODI, RMDQ, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS was 1.36, 1.43, 1.24, and 0.65, respectively. The SRM difference in RMDQ, ODI, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS was 2.64, 2.26, 1.32, and 1.29, respectively. The AUC of ODI, RMDQ, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS was 0.96, 0.96, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. Conclusions: ODI, RMDQ, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS demonstrated adequate responsiveness in a homogenous cohort of patients who underwent lumbar micro-discectomy. ODI and RMDQ are equally responsive and, thus, are interchangeable instruments for region specific outcomes. Both the SF-12 PCS and SF-12 MCS can assess the quality of life following lumbar micro-discectomy.
전기원,( Venkataraman Vishwanathan ),노현석,김재우 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.1
Dehydration of methanol to dimethylether (DME) is an acid catalysed reaction of a commercialimportance. Several solid acid catalysts have been studied (a) to minimize the formation of hydrocarbons during reaction; and (b) to have higher resistance against water when crude methanol containing water (~ 20 mol %) is used as a main feedstock. In our present investigation, a series of TiO2-ZrO2 binary oxides with molar ratios of TiO2 to ZrO2,has been synthesized, characterized and tested for the title reaction in a fixed-bed reactor under normal atmospheric pressure. The objective of the presentation is to bring out the novelty of this new solid acid system with respect to catalytic activity, selectivity for DME and resistance against water during dehydration reaction. Based on our results, a mechanism is proposed as a possible reaction pathway for DME synthesis.
Buck-Boost Interleaved Inverter Configuration for Multiple-Load Induction Cooking Application
Sharath Kumar. P,Vishwanathan. N,Bhagwan K. Murthy 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.1
Induction cooking application with multiple loads need high power inverters and appropriate control techniques. This paper proposes an inverter configuration with buck-boost converter for multiple load induction cooking application with independent control of each load. It uses one half-bridge for each load. For a given dc supply of VDC, one more VDC is derived using buckboost converter giving 2VDC as the input to each half-bridge inverter. Series resonant loads are connected between the centre point of 2 VDC and each half-bridge. The output voltage across each load is like that of a full-bridge inverter. In the proposed configuration, half of the output power is supplied to each load directly from the source and remaining half of the output power is supplied to each load through buck-boost converter. With buck-boost converter, each half-bridge inverter output power is increased to a full-bridge inverter output power level. Each half-bridge is operated with constant and same switching frequency with asymmetrical duty cycle (ADC) control technique. By ADC, output power of each load is independently controlled. This configuration also offers reduced component count. The proposed inverter configuration is simulated and experimentally verified with two loads. Simulation and experimental results are in good agreement. This configuration can be extended to multiple loads.