Gene flow in malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) across the Aravalli Hills in North-west India

VIPIN,Madhulika DUBE,Surendra Kumar GAKHAR 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.2

The population structure of An. stephensi in North-west India was studied to assess the impact of the Aravalli Hills, as a barrier to gene flow using microsatellite markers. Large and significant genetic differentiation was found along the sides of, as well as across, the Aravalli Hills as the mean FST and RST on west vs. east of the Aravalli Hills were 0.213, 0.112 and 0.179, 0.056, respectively. Similarly, across the hills, mean values of FST and RST were 0.100 and 0.094, respectively. Genetic diversity on both sides did not vary significantly. The FST values were more sensitive than RST values, indicating that genetic drift might have caused genetic differentiation between populations. A positive correlation (r = 0.0149 and 0.157, respective to FST and RST) was found between genetic differentiations and geographic distances irrespective of the hills. Low level of gene flow was found along both sides (Nm = 0.92 and 0.14; west vs. east of Aravalli Hills, respectively) as compared to across the Aravalli Hills (Nm = 2.25). It was found that the Aravalli Hills are not working as an effective barrier to gene flow for An. Stephensi, maybe because of the low average height and discontinuous hills, however, the distance is playing a major role for differentiation between populations due to active mode of dispersal of An. stephensi mosquitoes which have a short flight range. All this information should help draw the strategies for genetic control of mosquitoes using transgenic mosquitoes.

Anisotropy and deformation heterogeneity in additive manufactured carbon-reinforced PEEK

Vipin Gupta,N. I. Thiruselvam,D. M. Kulkarni,V. V. Chaudhari,S. Suraj 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.6

Carbon-reinforced polyether ether ketone (C-PEEK) is one of the highperformance thermoplastic polymers used in engineering applications. To manufacture C-PEEK parts, a material extrusion process called fused deposition modeling (FDM) is more preferred than other 3D printing technologies such as material jetting, sheet lamination, VAT photopolymerization, binder jetting, directed energy deposition (DED) and powder bed fusion (PBF) due to its low cost and high efficiency. In FDM, the angle between printing and loading directions, called raster angle, is a known cause of material anisotropy. However, less attention has been paid to bring out the effect of raster angle on local state of strain. We fill this gap using digital image correlation (DIC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Standard specimens made using three different raster angles, namely, 0°, 45°, and 90°, were tested upto failure by fracture. 0° raster angle offers the highest strength, whereas 90° raster angle yields the least strength. All specimens fail by brittle fracture. Strain localization that evolves near interfaces between two beads or layers play the most vital role in the failure mechanism.

Experimental studies of impact pressure on a vertical cylinder subjected to depth induced wave breaking

Vipin, Chakkurunnipalliyalil,Panneer Selvam, Rajamanickam,Sannasiraj Annamalaisamy, Sannasiraj Techno-Press 2022 Ocean systems engineering Vol.12 No.4

This paper describes experimental studies of impact pressure generated by breaking regular waves in shallow water on a vertical cylinder. Experimental work was carried out in a shallow water flume using a 1:30 - scale model of a vertical rigid circular hollow cylinder with a diameter 0.2 m. This represents a monopile for shallow water offshore wind turbines, subjected to depth induced breaking regular waves of frequencies of 0.8 Hz. The experimental setup included a 1 in 10 sloping bed followed by horizontal bed with a constant 0.8 m water depth. To determine the breaking characteristics, plunging breaking waves were generated. Free surface elevations were recorded at different locations between the wave paddle to the cylinder. Wave impact pressures on the cylinder at a number of elevations along its height were measured under breaking regular waves. The depth-induced wave breaking characteristics, impact pressures, and wave run-up during impact for various cylinder locations are presented and discussed.

Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization: An Introduction

Vipin Kumar,Sonajharia Minz 한국산학기술학회 2014 SmartCR Vol.4 No.5

In the real world, reconciling a choice between multiple conflicting objectives is a common problem. Solutions to a multi-objective problem are those that have the best possible negotiation given the objectives. An evolutionary algorithm called Particle swarm optimization is used to find a solution from the solution space. It is a population-based optimization technique that is effective, efficient, and easy to implement. Changes in the particle swarm optimization technique are required in order to get solutions to a multi-objective optimization problem. Therefore, this paper provides the proper concept of particle swarm optimization and the multi-objective optimization problem in order to build a basic background with which to conduct multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Then, we discuss multi-objective particle swarm optimization concepts. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization techniques and some of the most important future research directions are also included.

Feature Selection

Vipin Kumar,Sonajharia Minz 한국산학기술학회 2014 SmartCR Vol.4 No.3

Relevant feature identification has become an essential task to apply data mining algorithms effectively in real-world scenarios. Therefore, many feature selection methods have been proposed to obtain the relevant feature or feature subsets in the literature to achieve their objectives of classification and clustering. This paper introduces the concepts of feature relevance, general procedures, evaluation criteria, and the characteristics of feature selection. A comprehensive overview, categorization, and comparison of existing feature selection methods are also done, and the guidelines are also provided for user to select a feature selection algorithm without knowing the information of each algorithm. We conclude this work with real world applications, challenges, and future research directions of feature selection.

Optimal Endoscopic Treatment and Surveillance of Serrated Polyps

Vipin Gupta,James E. East 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.4

Serrated polyps are considered precursor lesions that account for 15% to 30% of colorectal cancers, and they are overrepresented as a cause of interval cancers. They are difficult to detect and resect comprehensively; however, recent data suggest that high definition endoscopy, chromoendoscopy (via spray catheter, pump or orally), narrow band imaging, split-dose bowel preparation and a slower withdrawal (>6 minutes) can all improve detection. Cold snare resection is effective and safe for these lesions, including cold snare piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection, which is likely to become the standard of care for lesions >10 mm in size. Sessile serrated lesions ≥10 mm in size, those exhbiting dysplasia, or traditional serrated adenomas increase the chance of future advanced neoplasia. Thus, a consensus is emerging: a surveillance examination at 3 years should be recommended if these lesions are detected. Serrated lesions likely carry equivalent risk to adenomas, so future guidelines may consider serrated class lesions and adenomas together for risk stratification. Patients with serrated polyposis syndrome should undergo surveillance every 1 to 2 years once the colon is cleared of larger lesions, and their first degree relatives should undergo screening every 5 years starting at age 40.

Effect of preoperative incentive spirometry on fentanyl-induced cough: a prospective, randomized, controlled study

Vipin Kumar Goyal,Suresh Kumar Bhargava,Birbal Baj 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.5

Background: Fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) has a reported incidence of 13–65% on induction of anesthesia. Incentive spirometry (IS) creates forceful inspiration, while stretching pulmonary receptors. We postulated that spirometry just before the fentanyl (F) bolus would decrease the incidence and severity of FIC. Methods: This study enrolled 200 patients aged 18–60 years and with American Society of Anesthesiologists status I or II. The patients were allocated to two groups of 100 patients each depending on whether they received preoperative incentive spirometry before fentanyl administration. Patients in the F+IS group performed incentive spirometry 10 times just before an intravenous bolus of 3 μg/kg fentanyl in the operating room. The onset time and number of coughs after fentanyl injection were recorded as primary outcomes. Any significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or adverse effects of the drug were recorded as secondary outcomes. Results: Patients in the F+IS group had a significantly lower incidence of FIC than in the F group (6% vs. 26%) (P < 0.05). The severity of cough in the F+IS group was also significantly lower than that in group F (mild, 5 vs. 17; moderate 1 vs. 7; severe, 0 vs. 2) (P < 0.05). The median onset time was comparable in both groups (9 s [range: 6–12 s] in both groups). Conclusions: Preoperative incentive spirometry significantly reduces the incidence and severity of FIC when performed just before fentanyl administration.

Morin ameliorates myocardial injury in diabetic rats via modulation of inflammatory pathways

Vipin Kumar Verma,Salma Malik,Ekta Mutneja,Anil Kumar Sahu,Vaishali Prajapati,Prashant Mishra,Jagriti Bhatia,Dharamveer Singh Arya 한국실험동물학회 2024 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.40 No.1

Background: High blood glucose levels in diabetes lead to vascular inflammation which accelerates atherosclerosis. Herein, Morin was orally administered in male Wistar rats, at the dose of 40 mg/kg for 28 days, and on the 27th and 28th day, ISO was administered to designate groups at the dose of 85 mg/kg s.c., to induce myocardial infarction. Results: Free radical generation, including ROS, in diabetes following ISO administration, leads to the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Morin significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD), cardiac injury markers (CK-MB, LDH), inflammation (TNF, IL-6), and apoptosis (Bax, BCl2, Caspase-3). In addition, it also reduced insulin and blood glucose levels. Akt/eNOS, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK signaling pathways, and Insulin signal transduction pathways were positively modulated by morin pre-treatment. Conclusions: Morin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation and also modified the activity of various molecular pathways to mitigate cardiomyocyte damage during ISO-induced MI in diabetic rats.

Development of Hydro-Axial Test(HAT) and Hydro-Shear Test(HST) for evaluating butt fusion and electrofusion joint integrity of HDPE pipes

Vipin Vijayan(비자얀 비핀),Hyunmin Bae(배현민),Tae Sik Kim(김태식),Yeong Sung Suh(서영성),Sunwoong Choi(최선웅) 대한기계학회 2019 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2019 No.4

Pharmacokinetics and hypoglycemic effect of gliclazide loaded in Isabgol husk mucilage microparticles

Kumar Vipin,Mazumder Bhaskar,Sharma Prince Prashant,Ahmed Yusra 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.2

Purpose Among the several therapeutic agents available for the management of diabetes mellitus, sulfonylureas such as gliclazide have several advantages. The hypoglycemic effect and bioavailability of gliclazide loaded in Isabgol husk mucilage microparticles were assessed. The hypoglycemic effect of drug-loaded microparticles was compared with that of pure gliclazide. Methods Gliclazide was incorporated into Isabgol husk mucilage microparticles using an emulsification-crosslinking technique. Gliclazide characterization was performed using a chromatographic method. Results Gliclazide loading in the microparticles was up to 91.23 ± 0.981% w/w. The pharmacokinetic parameters for pure gliclazide (control) were different from those of gliclazide loaded in microparticles (test). After oral administration, the AUC 0–24 h of gliclazide in blood samples of the control and test groups was 10.840 ± 0.018 and 17.608 ± 0.035 μg/(mL h), respectively. In 24 h after oral administration, the percentage reduction from the baseline glucose level in diabetic rabbits was 36.66 ± 4.509% and 98.11 ± 1.018% for the test and control groups, respectively. Conclusion The prolonged hypoglycemic effect and increased bioavailability of gliclazide loaded in Isabgol husk microparticles compared with those of pure drug indicate the applicability of the microparticulate formulation as a novel anti-diabetic drug delivery system.