Decadal variations of sea surface temperature in the eastern Arabian Sea and its impacts on the net primary productivity

Vinaya Kumari P.,Jayappa K. S.,Thomas Sujitha,Gupta Anurag 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.2

Ten-year satellite derived data (January 2007 to December 2016) were used to investigate the variability of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), sea surface temperature (SST), net primary production (NPP) in the eastern Arabian Sea (AS). This study is aimed to show the coupling of physical and biological processes to understand how temporal, annual and inter-annual variations occur and the forcing mechanisms behind these variations in the ocean environments. This work is linked to Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Nin˜o/Southern Oscillation, which frequently co-occur and drives inter-annual changes within the AS. Vertically Generalized Production Model was used to estimate NPP using chl-a, Photosynthetically Available Radiation, euphotic depth, and maximum photosynthetic rate from SST. The relationship between NPP and SST showed change in the pattern over the study period. The NPP in the AS is characterized by an unusual decline during El Nin˜o events. AS is more productive during summer monsoon (June–September) due to coastal upwelling, wind driven mixing and lateral advection processes. There was decline in NPP after 2014 and this trend continued in the following years. The present investigation revealed that the strong El Nin˜o condition was observed in 2015 and productivity of AS declined by * 19%, while SST increased by * 2% from an overall average of 2007–2016. Increased SST and low productivity could result in low fish catch in AS. Increasing trend in SST could be attributed to the extreme events like cyclones occurring along the west coast of India.

Influence of Ag thickness on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the SnS/Ag/SnS trilayer films for solar cell application

Vinaya Kumar Arepalli,Tien Dai Nguyen,Jeha Kim 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.3

We fabricated the SnS/Ag/SnS (SAS) trilayer thin films by a sputtering method at 200 °C. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the films were studied by varying the Ag interlayer thickness from 9 to 27 nm. The EDS analysis revealed that all SAS trilayer films showed an increase in the atomic percentage of Ag from 1.87 to 6.18. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that SAS films with Ag-18 nm thickness showed a preferred (111) peak of the SnS with improved crystallinity. The optical absorption coefficient of the SAS films increased by a factor of 18 when compared to the SnS films without Ag. Also, the optical band gap decreased from 1.53 to 1.28 eV with Ag thickness. All SAS films exhibited the p-type conductivity with increased hole-concentration from 1.94 × 1014 to 4.15 ×1018cm−3 and also the mobility from 1.31 to 81.6 cm2. V−1s−1.

Examination of Previously Published Data to Identify Patterns in the Social Representation of ‘Hearing Aids’ Across Countries

Vinaya Manchaiah,Pierre Ratinaud,Aristotle Tympas,Berth Danermark,Per Germundsson 대한청각학회 2018 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.22 No.2

Societal factors seem to exercise a strong influence on hearingaid uptake, use, and satisfaction. In particular, knowledge, perception, and attitude ofpeople will have bearing towards their and others health behavior and decisions. The currentstudy aimed at understanding the perception of hearing aids by adults belonging to the generalpopulation in different countries. Subjects and Methods: The study employed a crosssectionaldesign. A sample of 404 adults from India, Iran, Portugal, and the United Kingdomwere recruited by relying on a convenience sampling. Previously published data was re-analyzedbut it was applied for different approach. Free association task was used to collect thedata. They were asked to provide up to five words or phrases that come to mind when thinkingabout “hearing aids.” The data was initially analyzed based on qualitative content analysis. This was followed by quantitative cluster analysis and chi square analysis. Results: The contentanalysis suggested 39 main categories of responses related to hearing aids. The clusteranalysis resulted in five main clusters, namely: 1) positive attitude, 2) external factors, 3) hearingaid use and satisfaction, 4) etiology, and 5) benefits and limitations of technology. A fewdemographic factors (i.e., education, occupation type, country) showed association with differentclusters, although country of origin seemed to be associated with most clusters. Conclusions:The study provides us with unique insights into the perception of hearing aids bythe general public, and additionally, the way demographic variables may influence these perceptions.

Does Hearing Aid Use Increase the Likelihoodof Cerumen Impaction?

Vinaya Manchaiah,Jonathan Arthur,Huw Williams 대한청각학회 2015 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.19 No.3

Background and Objectives: Impacted cerumen is a common condition in adults. It is commonly believed that wearing hearing aids may increase the cerumen impaction, although no empirical evidence exist. The current study was aimed at studying if the use of hearing aids increase the likelihood of impaction of cerumen. Subjects and Methods: The study used retrospective design. The study sample included 164 consecutive patients who were referred to cerumen clinic from Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Wales. Audiologist classified the cerumen impaction into four categories (i.e., no cerumen; non-occluding cerumen; occluding cerumen; and fully non-occluding cerumen and debris). Chi-square analysis was performed to study the association between hearing aid use and cerumen impaction. Results: The current study results showed no association between hearing aid use and cerumen impaction. Also, there was no association between right/left ear and cerumen impaction. Conclusions: These results interesting and contrary to our assumption that hearing aid use increases the likelihood of cerumen impaction. More well-controlled studies with prospective designs are needed to confirm if these results are accurate. Background and Objectives: Impacted cerumen is a common condition in adults. It is commonly believed that wearing hearing aids may increase the cerumen impaction, although no empirical evidence exist. The current study was aimed at studying if the use of hearing aids increase the likelihood of impaction of cerumen. Subjects and Methods: The study used retrospective design. The study sample included 164 consecutive patients who were referred to cerumen clinic from Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Wales. Audiologist classified the cerumen impaction into four categories (i.e., no cerumen; non-occluding cerumen; occluding cerumen; and fully non-occluding cerumen and debris). Chi-square analysis was performed to study the association between hearing aid use and cerumen impaction. Results: The current study results showed no association between hearing aid use and cerumen impaction. Also, there was no association between right/left ear and cerumen impaction. Conclusions: These results interesting and contrary to our assumption that hearing aid use increases the likelihood of cerumen impaction. More well-controlled studies with prospective designs are needed to confirm if these results are accurate.

Positive, Neutral, and Negative Connotations Associatedwith Social Representation of ‘Hearing Loss’ and‘Hearing Aids’

Vinaya Manchaiah,Gretchen Stein,Berth Danermark,Per Germundsson 대한청각학회 2015 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.19 No.3

Background and Objectives: In our previous studies we explored the social representation of hearing loss and hearing aids. In this study we aimed at exploring if the positive, neutral and negative connotations associated with the social representation of hearing loss' and hearing aids' for the same categories vary across countries. In addition, we also looked at if there is an association between connotations and demographic variables. Subjects and Methods: A total of 404 individuals from four countries were asked to indicate the words and phrases that comes to mind when they think about hearing loss' and hearing aids'. They also indicated if the words and phrases they reported had positive, neutral or negative association, which were analyzed and reported in this paper. Results: There are considerable differences among the countries in terms of positive, neutral and negative associations report for each category in relation to hearing loss and hearing aids. However, there is limited connection between demographic variables and connotations reported in different countries. Conclusions: These results suggesting that the social representation about the phenomenon hearing loss and hearing aids are relatively stable within respondents of each country. Background and Objectives: In our previous studies we explored the social representation of hearing loss and hearing aids. In this study we aimed at exploring if the positive, neutral and negative connotations associated with the social representation of hearing loss' and hearing aids' for the same categories vary across countries. In addition, we also looked at if there is an association between connotations and demographic variables. Subjects and Methods: A total of 404 individuals from four countries were asked to indicate the words and phrases that comes to mind when they think about hearing loss' and hearing aids'. They also indicated if the words and phrases they reported had positive, neutral or negative association, which were analyzed and reported in this paper. Results: There are considerable differences among the countries in terms of positive, neutral and negative associations report for each category in relation to hearing loss and hearing aids. However, there is limited connection between demographic variables and connotations reported in different countries. Conclusions: These results suggesting that the social representation about the phenomenon hearing loss and hearing aids are relatively stable within respondents of each country.

Effect of H₂S Concentration and Sulfurization Temperature on the Properties of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ Thin Films

Arepalli, Vinaya Kumar,Kim, Eui-Tae Materials Research Society of Korea 2015 한국재료학회지 Vol.25 No.12

This study reports the effects of $H_2S$ gas concentration on the properties of $Cu_2ZnSnS_4(CZTS)$ thin films. Specifically, sulfurization process with low $H_2S$ concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1%, along with 5% $H_2S$ gas, was studied. CZTS films were directly synthesized on Mo/Si substrates by chemical bath deposition method using copper sulfate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, tin chloride dihydrate, and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate. Smooth CZTS films were grown on substrates at optimized chemical bath deposition condition. The CZTS films sulfurized at low $H_2S$ concentrations of 0.05 % and 0.1% showed very rough and porous film morphology, whereas the film sulfurized at 5% $H_2S$ yielded a very smooth and dense film morphology. The CZTS films were fully crystallized in kesterite crystal form when they were sulfurized at $500^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The kesterite CZTS film showed a reasonably good room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum that peaked in a range of 1.4 eV to 1.5 eV, consistent with the optimal bandgap for CZTS solar cell applications.

Phylogeography and population expansion of Western Himalayan highly-erratically migratory painted lady butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Vanessa cardui)

Singh Vinaya Kumar,Kumar Sanjay,Awasthi Sadhna,Gupta Sandeep Kumar 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4

Understanding population genetics, genetic diversity and the migration pattern of ecologically important species is crucial for effective conservation plans. We studied mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I (COI) gene variation in painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) from different altitudinal gradients of Uttarakhand (Western Himalayas), India. We sequenced COI) gene of 91 samples and 22 COI sequences retrieved from GenBank as representatives of different localities for comparative analysis. We observed a total of 16 haplotypes, of which seven haplotypes were observed in Uttarakhand with intra-species sequence divergence ranges from 0.001 to 0.009. Haplotype (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were comparatively low and averaging 0.635 and 0.002, respectively. The neutrality test, mismatch distribution graph and observed pattern of diversity indices (Hd and π) revealed population expansion. It was further confirmed by the Median Joining Network, which exhibited a star-like topology from the core haplotype, while the Bayesian phylogenetic tree displayed a mixing of haplo types from different localities to an identical clade. Haplotype organization in the Bayesian tree and Median Joining Network was not clustered as per their topographical affinity, indicating incomplete lineage sorting and late species population development or colonization in the novel area.

Evaluating the DNA barcodes for identification of butterflies from Western Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India

Singh Vinaya Kumar,Joshi Prakash Chandra,Gupta Sandeep Kumar 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

DNA barcodes in species tagging have become a popular tool for taking inventories of species from different groups worldwide. The present study aimed to generate DNA barcodes of butterfly species from the Western Himalayas in Uttarakhand, India. The Indian Western Himalayan region (IWHR) has been explored to a limited extent about butterfly species’ diversity. However, the IWHR is prone to environmental change, and slight variations in climatic conditions can influence species diversity and change butterflies’ range. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was first used to generate the DNA barcode for butterflies from this region on a broad scale. 28 morphologically identified species, consisting of 102 sequences, were finally grouped into 26 species, with only two species showing ambiguity in species identification. These species had < 3% sequence variations from their neighboring relatives, suggesting cryptic species diversity. Generated sequences were also compared with the GenBank data of conspecific geographical locations, which showed intraspecies variation ranging from 1.3% to 7.3%. It was also noted that butterfly species have both intra and interspecies sequence divergence. In the phylogenetic-based species identification, a total of 28 species belonging to 4 families of butterflies were successfully discriminated, and two species at the genus level, which had high intra-specific divergence (0.025), were considered. However, the high intra-species sequence divergence observed may represent the presence of hidden species.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 1-Benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3- (piperidin-4-yl) propyl)piperidine Derivatives against Pathogens of Lycopersicon esculentum: A Structure-activity Evaluation Study

K. Vinaya, R. Kavitha,C. S. Ananda Kumar,S. B. Benaka Prasad,S. Chandrappa,S. A. Deepak,S. Nanjunda Swamy,S. Umesha,K. S. Rangappa 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.1

Several 1-benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine derivatives 8(a-j) were prepared by the treatment of substituted benzhydryl chlorides with 4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine followed by N-sulfonation with sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of dry methylene dichloride and triethyl amine. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents by artificial inoculation technique against standard strains of two important bacterial viz., Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum as well as and two fungal pathogens namely Alternaria solani and Fusarium solani of tomato plants. We have briefly investigated the structure-activity relation studies and reveal that the nature of substitutions on benzhydryl ring and sulfonamide ring influences the antibacterial activity. Among the synthesized new compounds 8b, 8d, 8g, 8h, 8i, and 8j were showed significant potent antimicrobial activities compared to the standard drugs Chloramphenicol, Mancozeb.

Photovoltaic behavior of the room temperature grown RF-Sputtered SnS thin films

Arepalli, Vinaya Kumar,Shin, Yeonbae,Kim, Jeha Elsevier 2019 Optical materials Vol.88 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were deposited on the soda lime glass (SLG) and Mo-coated SLG by radio frequency sputtering method at room temperature (RT). The structural, optical, and the photovoltaic properties were investigated by varying the argon pressure (<I>P</I> <SUB> <I>Ar</I> </SUB>) from 6 to 50 mTorr. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) confirmed that the as-grown samples at 30 mTorr pressure showed the single phase of orthorhombic SnS with the stoichiometric ratio. The variation in the grain size, shape, and a shift in the crystal plane from (111) to (101) were ascertained with an increase of <I>P</I> <SUB> <I>Ar</I> </SUB>. The ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed that all the SnS films exhibited a constant high optical absorption coefficient of 5.8 × <SUP> 10 4 </SUP> cm<SUP>−1</SUP>, whereas, the energy band gap reduced from 1.50 to 1.35 eV with the increase of <I>P</I> <SUB> <I>Ar</I> </SUB>. The solar cell of RT-SnS at 30 mTorr showed the best power conversion efficiency of 0.38%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> All the RF-sputtered SnS films at RT show the orthorhombic crystal structure. </LI> <LI> The larger grains are formed with a specific alignment of the small sub-grains at 30 and 50 mTorr. </LI> <LI> The pure phase of SnS is obtained at 30 mTorr pressure with lowest band related defects. </LI> <LI> The optimal energy bandgaps are decreased from 1.50 to 1.35 eV with increasing <I>P</I> <SUB> <I>Ar</I> </SUB>. </LI> <LI> The solar cell of RT-SnS at 30 mTorr shows the best power conversion efficiency of 0.38%. </LI> </UL> </P>