Study of surgical anatomy of portal vein of liver segments by cast method and its clinical implications

Vidya C. Shrikantaiah,Manjaunatha Basappa,Sangita Hazrika,Roopa Ravindranath 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.4

Portal vein provides about three-fourths of liver’s blood supply. Portal vein is formed behind the neck of pancreas, at the level of the second lumbar vertebra and formed from the convergence of superior mesenteric and splenic veins. The purpose of this study is to review the normal distribution and variation, morphometry of portal vein and its branches for their implication in liver surgery and preoperative portal vein embolization. It is also helpful for radiologists while performing radiological procedures. A total of fresh 40 livers with intact splenic and superior mesenteric vein were collected from the mortuary of Forensic Department, JSS Medical College and Mysuru Medical College. The silicone gel was injected into the portal vein and different segments were identified and portal vein variants were noted. The morphometry of portal vein was measured by using digital sliding calipers. The different types of portal vein segmental variants were observed. The present study showed predominant type I in 90% cases, type II 7.5% cases, and type III 2.5% cases. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of length of right portal vein among males and females were 2.096±0.602 cm and 1.706±0.297 cm, respectively. Mean and SD of length of left portal vein among males and females were 3.450±0.661 cm and 3.075±0.632 cm, respectively. The difference in the Mean among the males and females with respect to length of right portal vein and left portal vein was found to be statistically significant (P=0.010). Prior knowledge of variations regarding the formation, termination and tributaries of portal vein are very helpful and important for surgeons to perform liver surgeries like liver transplantation, segmentectomy and for Interventional Radiologists.

Optical and dielectric properties of nano BaNbO₃ prepared by a combustion technique

Vidya, S.,Mathai, K.C.,John, Annamma,Solomon, Sam,Joy, K.,Thomas, J.K. Techno-Press 2013 Advances in materials research Vol.2 No.3

Nanocrystalline Barium niobate ($BaNbO_3$) has been synthesized by a novel auto-igniting combustion technique. The X-Ray diffraction studies reveals that $BaNbO_3$ posses a cubic structure with lattice constant $a=4.071{\AA}$. Phase purity and structure of the nano powder are further examined using Fourier-Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The average particle size of the as prepared nano particles from the Transmission Electron Microscopy is 20 nm. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the samples are recorded and the calculated average optical band gap is 3.74eV. The sample is sintered at an optimized temperature of $1425^{\circ}C$ for 2h and attained nearly 98% of the theoretical density. The morphology of the sintered pellet is studied with Scanning Electron Microscopy. The dielectric constant and loss factor of a well-sintered $BaNbO_3$ at 5MHz sample is found to be 32.92 and $8.09{\times}10^{-4}$ respectively, at room temperature. The temperature coefficient of dielectric constant was $-179pp/^{\circ}C$. The high dielectric constant, low loss and negative temperature coefficient of dielectric constant makes it a potential candidate for temperature sensitive dielectric applications.

Vision based Autonomous Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a Stationary Target

Vidya Sudevan,Amit Shukla,Hamad Karki 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

The foremost, yet challenging problem of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the autonomous landing. This paper presents a solution for the independent landing of a quadrotor UAV on a stationary target. This method includes a searching and a landing part. The visual data is collected by the onboard camera of the AR Drone. Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) method is used to detect and compute the keypoint descriptors and Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Library (FLANN) based descriptor matcher is utilized for the accurate matching of the template image with the captured images to determine the target position. The aim of this method is to minimize the distance between the drone and the target. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is designed to generate the desired velocity signals for the drone. Also, in this work, the drone is directly navigating and landing on the target by adjusting the x , y and z velocities simultaneously. The method is tested and validated on a quadrotor with two different initial heights.

Spectroscopic Investigation of cis-2,4-Difluorophenol Cation by Mass-analyzed Threshold Ionization Spectroscopy

Vidya Shivatare,Wen Bih Tzeng 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.3

We applied the two-color resonant two-photon ionization and mass-analyzed threshold ionization techniques to record the vibronic and cation spectra of 2,4-difluorophenol. As supported by our theoretical calculations, only the cis form of 2,4-difluorophenol involves in the two-photon photoexcitation and pulsed field ionization processes. The band origin of the S1 ← S0 electronic transition of cis-2,4-difluorophenol appears at 35 647 ± 2 cm−1 and the adiabatic ionization energy is determined to be 70 030 ± 5 cm−1, respectively. Most of the observed active vibrations in the electronically excited S1 and cationic ground D0 states mainly involve in-plane ring deformation vibrations. Comparing these data of cis-2,4-difluorophenol with those of phenol, cis-2- fluorophenol, and 4-fluorophenol, we found that there is an additivity rule associated with the energy shift resulting from the additional fluorine substitution.

Poster Session : PS 0440 ; Infectious Disease ; The Devil and His Advocate-CMV Pneumonia with Invasive Aspergillosis

( Vidya Lakshmi ),( Abdul Ghafur ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Opportunistic infections in Oncology patients, post chemotherapy has always been a diagnostic challenge as they can have multiple co existing infections. We report a case of CMV and aspergillous co infection in a patient with Non Hodgkins Lymphoma. Case: · 62 year old male diagnosed to have Non Hodgkin`s lymphoma in 2002, received CHOP regimen in 2008 and 2009. Treated with Rituximab and bendamustine in July 2011. · 6 months later presents with fever, cough of 3 weeks. · On exam -Temp -101 F,Pulse of 91, RR18. Crackles on ausculatation in right infrascapular area. · Labs-Platelet count was 54,000 mm3,SGPT -80U/ltr. · Chest X ray -infi ltrate in the right midzone. · CT Chest -suggestive of invasive aspergillosis. · Patient was initiated on caspofungin due to transaminitis pending biopsy which was delayed due to thombocytopenia. · Due to Persisting fever and drop in counts a possibility of a co existing CMV infection was considered due to receipt of Benmdamustine and rituximab. · Blood CMV viral load and Serum galactomanan were high. · CT guided biopsy of the lung tissue showed feature of CMV pneumonitis -no evidence of invasive Aspergillosis. · A repeat imaging(after 2 weeeks of Caspofungin, 2 days of valgancyclovir)showed remarkable resolution of the lesion. · Radiological resolution was attributed to caspofungin, strongly corroborating the presence of a fungal infection. · Caspofungin was switched to voriconazole. · He was cured after 3 months of therapy. Conclusion: · Unusual presentation of a CMV pneumonitis. · CMV infection is an independent risk factor for superinfection by other opportunistic pathogens. · This presentation underlines possible diffi culty of CMV disease diagnosis, importance of histological confi rmation of opportunistic infections Close monitoring for viral infection, particularly HBV and CMV, in patients treated with rituximab should be recommended.

Optical and dielectric properties of SrMoO₄ powders prepared by the combustion synthesis method

Vidya, S.,John, Annamma,Solomon, Sam,Thomas, J.K. Techno-Press 2012 Advances in materials research Vol.1 No.3

In this paper, we report on the obtention of nanocrystalline $SrMoO_4$ synthesized through modified combustion process. These powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy. These studies reveal that the scheelite-type $SrMoO_4$ crystallizes in tetragonal structure with I41/${\alpha}$ (N#88) space group. Transmission electron microscopy image shows that the nanocrystalline $SrMoO_4$ powders have average size of 18 nm. The optical band gap determined from the UV-V is absorption spectra for the as prepared sample is 3.7 eV. These powders showed a strong green photoluminescence emission. The samples are sintered at a relatively low temperature of $850^{\circ}C$. The morphology of the sintered pellet is studied with scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric constant and loss factor values obtained at 5 MHz for a well sintered $SrMoO_4$ pellet has been found to be 9.50 and $7.5{\times}10^{-3}$ respectively. Thus nano $SrMoO_4$ is a potential candidate for low temperature co-fired ceramics and luminescent applications.

Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Using Turbo Code

Vidya Sawant,Archana Bhise 대한전자공학회 2019 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.8 No.6

A reversible data hiding scheme provides security for a secret message by embedding it in a cover image. After extracting the secret message at the receiver, the scheme restores the original message and the cover image without any distortion. However, data transmitted by the reversible data hiding scheme is vulnerable to the noise existing on the communications channel. A reversible data hiding scheme using turbo code is proposed in this paper to address that problem. The proposed reversible data hiding integrates modified matrix embedding, turbo code, and syndrome embedding to provide improved embedding capacity, security, and error correction. Modified matrix embedding hides the secret message in the cover image. The resulting stego-image is then encrypted and encoded by the turbo code. Turbo code deploys a secret key interleaver that shuffles the incoming bits using elliptic curve arithmetic and a secret key. The exact recovery of the cover image and the secret message by the receiver depends on the user-specific secret key. Modified matrix embedding hides a large number of secret message bits, which distorts the stegoimage. However, encrypting the stego-image with the secret key interleaver makes the embedding invisible. The proposed syndrome embedding transmits the locations of the modified bits in the cover image, and enables the receiver to reverse the effects of embedding. Simulation results with the proposed scheme demonstrate a high embedding capacity and improved error correction performance of 10-4 for an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel at an SNR of 2dB. It also successfully recovers the exact cover image and the secret message, compared to existing schemes such as matrix embedding and reversible data hiding in the encrypted domain. Moreover, the results depict high resistance to brute force attacks, statistical attacks, noise attacks, and cropping attacks.

Current and Future Research Focus on Inspection of Vertical Structures in Oil and Gas Industry

Vidya Sudevan,Amit Shukla,Hamad Karki 제어로봇시스템학회 2018 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

Regular inspection of oil and gas installations are vital for production, maintenance, safety and environmental impact assessment. Due to complex set-up and hazardous operation environment, the inspection, maintenance and repair (IMR) operations as considered as an inevitable task in oil and gas industries. Integrating technologies from the field of robotics, sensing and process control will be a decisive step in digitalization of oil and gas industry. The traditional vertical structures inspection system uses rope access, scaffolds, telescopic elevation platforms supported by cranes and manned helicopters. The challenges faced by conventional techniques are the construction of scaffolding, sending inspectors into dangerous and fatal environments, shutdown of plant operations etc. that has financial burden on the plant operating cost. Introduction of robotic technologies such as wall-climbing robots, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and wall-climbing drones, provides a possible solution for these challenges by increasing the efficiency, reducing the risks and lowering the cost of IMR tasks. The current research focus in this field is to automate and improve the inspection and testing capabilities of these systems. This paper presents the state of art of current scenario and future research focus on vertical structure inspection in oil and gas industry.

Dietary Bitter Melon Seed Increases Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue, Down-Regulates the Nuclear Factor-κB Expression, and Alleviates the Symptoms Associated with Metabolic Syndrome

Vidya Gadang,William Gilbert,Navam Hettiararchchy,Ronny Horax,Laxmansa Katwa,Latha Devareddy 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1

The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which bitter melon seed (BMS) alleviates the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome and elucidate the mechanism by which BMS exerts beneficial effects. Three-month-old female Zucker rats were assigned to following groups: lean control (L-Ctrl), obese control (O-Ctrl), and obese + BMS (O-BMS). The control groups were fed AIN-93M purified rodent diet, and the O-BMS group was fed AIN-93M diet modified to contain 3.0% (wt/wt) ground BMS for 100 days. After 100 days of treatment, BMS supplementation in the obese rats lowered the total serum cholesterol by 38% and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels by about 52% and increased the ratio of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to total cholesterol compared to the O-Ctrl group. The percentage of total liver lipids was about 32% lower and serum triglyceride levels were 71% higher in the O-BMS group compared to the O-Ctrl group. Serum glucose levels were significantly lowered partly because of the increase in the serum insulin levels in the BMS-based diet groups. BMS supplementation increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in the white adipose tissue of the obese rats significantly (P<.05) and down-regulated the expression of PPAR-γ, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and interferon-γ mRNA in heart tissue of the obese rats. The findings of this study suggest that BMS improves the serum and liver lipid profiles and serum glucose levels by modulating PPAR-γ gene expression. To our knowledge, this study for the first time shows that BMS exerts cardioprotective effects by down-regulating the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.

An insight into in vitro strategies for bioproduction of isoflavones

Vidya Nandakumar,Saravanan Krishnagowdu,Halka Jayachandran,Kowsalya Kumaresan,Preetha Jaganathan Sakthi Yazhini,Gurusaravanan Packiaraj,Radhakrishnan Ramalingam,Nanthini A. Usha Raja,Arun Muthukrishna 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.6

Isoflavones (ISF) are potent secondary metabolites, widely distributed among the members of the Fabaceae family. They have a multitude of biological functions in plants, animals, and humans. Most of the functions exhibited by isoflavones are highly beneficial to human beings. Benefits mainly include lowering cardiovascular diseases, reducing menopausal symptoms, and decreasing the risk of hormone-related cancers. Therefore, this potent compound has emerged as a promising possibility for making medicines and has grabbed the pharmaceutical industry's attention. Nowadays, many isoflavone-based products are manufactured commercially as food supplements, and their demand is drastically increasing globally. Numerous in vitro stud- ies have successfully synthesized value-added metabolites that possess a vast number of industrial applications. Production of isoflavones within the plants depends on several biological and environmental conditions. Hence, in vitro cultures pro- vide an alternate source to recover these compounds independent of environmental factors and limited bio-resources. Plant organ cultures could be highly recommended as a reliable platform for synthesizing plant-based pharmaceutically active isoflavones. Moreover, biotechnological approaches, such as elicitation and precursor feeding, can eventually promote the yield and increase these metabolites' production. This review initially outlines information regarding the source, structure, synthesis, and diverse roles of isoflavones. Later, this paper describes different plant organ cultures for the in vitro production of isoflavones and highlights elicitation strategies as well as metabolic engineering work to enhance production.