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Combustion Synthesis of Advanced Materials : Fundamentals and Applications
Varma, Arvind,Mukasyan, Alexander S. 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.2
The combustion synthesis(CS) of materials is an advanced approach in powder metallurgy. The number of products synthesized by CS has increased rapidly during recent years and currently exceeds 1,000 different compounds. The same features, such as high temperatures and rates, self-sustained manner of microstructure formation in non-equilibrium conditions, that make CS an attractive technology also define difficulties to study the nature and mechanism of this process, which in turn are essential to control the properties of the synthesized materials. In this survey paper, we present results of our recent work both in fundamental studies of mechanisms for rapid reaction wave propagation in heterogeneous media and in using the CS approach to synthesized different types of advanced materials, including bio-alloys and nano-sized powders.
Varma, Chejerla Mohan Kumar,Gouda, Patil Kalmeshwer,Saikumar, Surapaneni,Shenoy, Vinay,Shashidhar, Halagappa Eshwarappa,Neelamraju, Sarla 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3
Wild species of the genus Oryza are a good source of beneficial alleles for enhancing rice yield under normal and adverse conditions. $Bc_2F_3$ population was derived from a cross between Oryza sativa IR58025B and Oryza meridionalis Ng. (2n = 24, AA) a heat tolerant wild species to evaluate 12 yield traits under irrigated and aerobic conditions. Analysis of variance and genetic estimates indicated there is substantial genetic variation among progenies under both conditions. Grain yield had high heritability (61.9%) and genetic advance (36.4%) under irrigated conditions but moderate heritability (49.6%) and genetic advance (13.3%) under aerobic conditions indicating that selection for yield will be effective under both conditions. Panicle number, grain number, spikelet fertility, and test weight showed significant positive correlation with grain yield under both conditions. Families out-performing IR58025B for yield under both conditions were obtained providing evidence that phenotypically inferior O. meridionalis contributed to yield increase. This species can be a novel source of natural genetic variation for the improvement of rice under irrigated as well as under aerobic condition.
A review on numerical models and controllers for biped locomotion over leveled and uneven terrains
Varma, Navaneeth,Jolly, K.G.,Suresh, K.S. Techno-Press 2018 Advances in robotics research Vol.2 No.2
The evolution of bipedal robots was the foundation stone for development of Humanoid robots. The highly complex and non-linear dynamic of human walking made it very difficult for researchers to simulate the gait patterns under different conditions. Simple controllers were developed initially using basic mechanics like Linear Inverted Pendulum (LIP) model and later on advanced into complex control systems with dynamic stability with the help of high accuracy feedback systems and efficient real-time optimization algorithms. This paper illustrates a number of significant mathematical models and controllers developed so far in the field of bipeds and humanoids. The key facts and ideas are extracted and categorized in order to describe it in a comprehensible structure.
Thulasi-Varma, Chebrolu Venkata,Gopi, Chandu V. V. M.,Rao, S. Srinivasa,Punnoose, Dinah,Kim, Soo-Kyoung,Kim, Hee-Je American Chemical Society 2015 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.119 No.21
<P>A novel strategy has been successfully developed for highly efficient nanosheet-structured NiS counter electrodes. The NiS was deposited on FTO substrate with different deposition times using the simple and cost-effective chemical bath deposition technique. The NiS CEs were used to grow high quality thin films containing nanoparticles, nanosheets, or nanorods. The nanosheet-structured NiS CE in QDSSCs under one-sun illumination (AM 1.5, 100 Mw cm<SUP>–2</SUP>) yielded a high short circuit current density (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) of 13.53 mA cm<SUP>–2</SUP>, open circuit voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB>) of 0.570 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.450, and power conversion efficiency (η) of 3.47%. These values are much higher than those of the Pt CE (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> = 7.85 mA cm<SUP>–2</SUP>, <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> = 0.611, FF = 0.243, and η = 1.170%). The NiS was strongly adhered on the FTO substrate by acetic acid which acts as stabilizer and strong reagent in this one step preparation. The performance of NiS CE was improved by the surface morphology, which enable rapid electron transport and a lower electron recombination rate for the polysulfide electrolyte redox couple. In the present study NiS has obtained higher electrocatalytic activity which plays a crucial role in the QDSSC. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel-polarization measurements were used to investigate the electrocatalytic activity of the NiS and Pt CEs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2015/jpccck.2015.119.issue-21/acs.jpcc.5b01771/production/images/medium/jp-2015-01771s_0001.gif'></P>
Karthik Varma,Augustine Amalraj,Chandradhara Divya,Sreeraj Gopi 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.1
Sarcopenia represents the progressive loss of skeletal muscles, which occurs as a result of aging. Plant-derived phytochemicals have the potential ability to manage sarcopenial conditions. The randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study involving thirty subjects evaluated the efficacy of Cureit™ supplementation in the management of sarcopenial conditions by measuring the variables, such as hand grip strength, weight lift strength, time/distance before feeling tired after cycling, walking and climbing stairs, and Karnofsky performance scale index along with effects on general fitness, such as protein, urea, oxidative stress, and hematology parameters. The results showed that Cureit supplementation resulted in a significant increase of 1.43% (P < .001) in the handgrip strength compared with placebo. The weight-lifting capacity of subjects supplemented with Cureit showed an increase of 6.08%, whereas placebo showed a 4.54% decrease after the end of the study period. The results demonstrated that the Cureit tended to have a positive impact on distance covered before feeling tired as shown by an increase (P = .09) of 5.51%, compared with placebo group, which showed an increase of 2.29%. The time taken to walk the same distance was reduced in the Cureit group (1.15%), whereas in the placebo group, it was increased (2.02%). Cureit plays a significant role in the management of sarcopenia by anti-inflammatory action, increased hand grip strength, antifatigue effects, and muscle protein management. Clinical Trials Registry-India registration no. CTRI/2018/05/014176