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Front Surface Grid Design for High Efficiency Solar Cells
Utpal Gangopadhyay,김경해,정성욱,Prabir Kanti Basu,Suresh Kumar Dhungel,Swapan Kumar Dutta,Hiranmoy Saha,이준신 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.6 No.2
Standard crystalline solar cells are generally fabricated with the front grid pattern of silver paste contact. We have reported a detailed theoretical analysis of the proposed segmented cross grid line pattern in this paper. This work was carried out for the optimization of spacing and width of grid finger, main busbar and sub-busbar. The overall electrical and optical losses due to front contact were brought down to 10 % or even less as compared to the usual loss of 15 % or more in the conventional screen printed silver paste technology by choosing proper grid pattern and optimizing the grid parameters. The total normalized power loss for segmented mesh grid with plated metal contact was also observed and the total power loss could be brought down to 10.04 % unlike 11.57 % in the case of continuous grid and plated contact. This paper is able to outline the limitations of conventional screen printed contact.
Some Congruences for Andrews’ Partition Function EO(n)
Utpal Pore,Syeda Noor Fathima 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2021 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.61 No.1
Recently, Andrews introduced partition functions EO(n) and EO(n) where the function EO(n) denotes the number of partitions of n in which every even part is less than each odd part and the function EO(n) denotes the number of partitions enumerated by EO(n) in which only the largest even part appears an odd number of times. In this paper we obtain some congruences modulo 2, 4, 10 and 20 for the partition function EO(n). We give a simple proof of the first Ramanujan-type congruences EO (10n + 8) ≡ 0 (mod 5) given by Andrews.
Utpal Ghosh,Anjali Pal 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.79 No.-
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as the most favored photocatalyst owing to its intriguingelectronic band structure, stability, cost effectiveness, unique layered structure and facile synthesisprocedure. But, the pristine g-C3N4 suffers from a limited photocatalytic activity because of its low chargecarrier separation efficiency. Construction of a Z scheme photocatalyst could enhance the charge carriersuppression efficiency and increases the photocatalytic performance significantly. In this review, thedesign aspects of g-C3N4 based Z scheme photocatalysts and the considerations in the selection ofsynthesis procedures of g-C3N4 based Z scheme photocatalysts have been analyzed critically. Thecharacterization methods of Z scheme photocatalysts have also been discussed. Further, the recentenvironmental applications of g-C3N4 based Z scheme photocatalysts have been explored. The reviewfinishes with the concluding remarks and a brief discussion on future challenges and prospects of g-C3N4based Z scheme photocatalysts.
Utpal Nandi,Shubhasis Dan,Tapan Kumar Pal 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.3
A simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for simultaneous determination of metoprolol and telmisartan in rat plasma using atorvastatin as an internal standard. The analytes were separated on a Gemini C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 lm) with an isocratic mobile phase of methanol–water containing 0.5 % formic acid (9:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The estimation was carried out by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization technique, operating in multiple reaction monitoring and positive ion modes. Simple liquid–liquid extraction was used for sample preparation. Linearity was achieved over the concentration range of 1–500 ng/mL for both the analytes in rat plasma. Results of validation parameters of the method were with the acceptance criteria of the FDA guidelines. The method was found suitable to quantitatively assess the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol and telmisartan in rat following administration of a single oral dose 2.5 and 2 mg/kg body weight, respectively in Wistar albino rat.
Utpal Nath,Vinod Yadav 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.12
The estimation of temperature evolution in a solid material irradiated by a highintensity laser beam is important for modelling of various laser-based heating processes. This paper proposes a three-dimensional analytical solution of temperature field based on the integral transform technique considering intensive convective boundary conditions. The proposed model evaluates the temperature of a laser-heated sheet as a function of geometric, material and laser attributes of the sheet. By comparing the findings of experimental investigation performed on 1.5 mm thick Al 6061-T6 sheets under the considered process conditions, the effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated. Laser power and scanning speed varied during the experiments keeping laser beam radius and specimen geometry constant. The surface temperature of the laser-heated sheet is found to rise with increasing laser power. In contrast, the surface temperature drops with high scan speeds. The analytical and experimental results are in close agreement with errors less than 3 %. Eventually, the temperature evolution predicted by the analytical solution is compared numerically and it is found that the analytical model can effectively reduce the computing time for evaluating the temperature in the laser heating process. To broaden the application of the analytical model, the effect of process parameters, namely, laser beam radius, workpiece thickness and material properties on the temperature evolution are analyzed under different cooling schemes. This investigation is of significance towards developing an inverse method for determining laser process parameters quickly and inexpensively for various laser-based heating processes in near future works.
GPU-warp based finite element matrices generation and assembly using coloring method
Utpal Kiran,Deepak Sharma,Sachin Singh Gautam 한국CDE학회 2019 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.6 No.4
Finite element method has been successfully implemented on the graphics processing units to achieve a significant reduction in simulation time. In this paper, new strategies for the finite element matrix gen-eration including numerical integration and assembly are proposed by using a warp per element for a given mesh. These strategies are developed using the well-known coloring method. The proposed strate-gies use a specialized algorithm to realize fine-grain parallelism and efficient use of on-chip memory resources. The warp shuffle feature of Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is used to accelerate numerical integration. The evaluation of elemental stiffness matrix is further optimized by adopting a partial parallel implementation of numerical integration. Performance evaluations of the proposed strate-gies are done for three-dimensional elasticity problem using the 8-noded hexahedral elements with three degrees of freedom per node. We obtain a speedup of up to 8.2 over the coloring based assembly by element strategy (using a single thread per element) on NVIDIA Tesla K40 GPU. Also, the proposed strate-gies achieve better arithmetic throughput and bandwidth
Long-term complications after extrahepatic cyst excision for type IV-A choledochal cysts
Utpal Anand,Aaron George John,Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi,Ramesh Kumar,Basant Narayan Singh,Kunal Parasar,Bindey Kumar 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.4
Forty-five adults with type IV-A choledochal cysts (CDC) who underwent extrahepatic cyst excision from January 2013 to December 2021 were followed up for a median interval of 25 months (range, 2 to 10 years) to observe the long-term complications in the remaining intrahepatic cyst. Late complications in varying combinations were seen in 10 patients, which included cholangitis and/or intrahepatic stones in 9 patients, intrahepatic bile duct stenosis with stones in 2 patients, anastomotic stricture in 6 patients, and left lobar atrophy with intrahepatic stones in 3 patients. Out of 6 patients who required re-do hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), three patients had left lobe atrophy with patent HJ anastomosis and a recurrent attack of cholangitis on follow-up at 3, 8, and 10 years. Complications occur frequently after extrahepatic cyst excision for type IV-A CDC and require a long-term follow-up.
Realization of Bluetooth Piconet for Real Time Monitoring of Multiple Parameters
Utpal T. Pandya,Uday B. Desai,Shabbir N. Merchant 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.2
Purpose There are many applications where simultaneous wireless transmission of many parameters is required to be sent to base station or to the receiver. For example, in case of mass causality events, monitoring of multiple patients by medical technicians, physicians or nurses is required where there will be more than one wireless transmitter and one wireless receiver Methods In this paper, to demonstrate and address the issue of such applications, an adhoc network is realized by formation of a piconet in the Bluetooth environment for the real time monitoring. Each Bluetooth device captures continuous, real time simulated signals and relays the data to Bluetooth enabled laptop where received signals are further processed. Results It is revealed that the proposed system can be used to implement Bluetooth piconet and can be an effective means for the monitoring of any parameters of multiple systems. As a proof of concept, implementation of Bluetooth piconet to capture ECG of two subjects simultaneously in real time mode is also shown. Conclusions The data analysis suggests that an algorithm is required to address wireless transmission issues like latency along-with noise filtering. This algorithm should be easily implemented in existing Mobile/PDA/Laptop, etc. to meet the requirement of low cost and adaptability.
Maximum Power Flow Management for Stand-alone PV Based Battery Charging System
Utpal Kumar Das,Kok Soon Tey,Mohd Yamani Idna Idris,Saad Mekhilef 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
Photovoltaic (PV) system can be one of the renewable energy source used to charge the electric batteries. However, a significant amount of PV power is wasted if the maximum available power does not fully utilized by the batteries charging process appropriately. In this study, a maximum power flow management technique is proposed for stand-alone PV based battery charging system. A set of Li-ion battery cells of different capacity and state of charge (SOC) is considered for charging. A decentralize three stages constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging strategy and DC-DC buck converter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is utilized to charge these battery cells by using the PV system. A maximum power flow management algorithm based on forecasted PV generated power is proposed to select the appropriate number of battery cells for charging at a particular time that able to receive maximum power from the PV system. In addition, the different preventive measure including overheating and overcharging is also considered in the charging process. The simulated system achieved 88.37% utilization of PV generated power.