수리된 중고명품의 판매와 상표의 사용

朴濬佑(Jun-U Park) 한국기업법학회 2009 企業法硏究 Vol.23 No.4

The topic of this article is the use of trademarks for repaired luxury goods. The issue is what the test for the trademark infringement should be when defendant repairs and resells plaintiffs used luxury goods without removing plaintiffs trademark. Part Ⅱ of this article introduces the search-cost theory, and explains that the function of trademarks is to decrease consumers' search-cost of finding out unobservable features of a product and to give producers incentives to invest in maintaining the quality of their products. And it is also explained that the trademark right is necessary to guarantee the informative value of a trademark which embodies the information on the quality of its product, and that the search-cost theory can be the ground for the limitation of the trademark right as well as its entitlement. In Part Ⅲ, the leading U.S. cases on the issue are introduced, and, in Part Ⅳ, it is demonstrated that the decisions in those cases can be justified by the search-cost theory, though there are some errors in the circuit court decision in 'Rolex case.' The court in 'Rolex case' erred in suggesting that the identity of repaired luxury goods is the function of technological importance, not taking account of the consumer's desire of expressive use.

슬로건 상표의 식별력의 판단기준에 관한 연구 -한국과 미국의 판례를 중심으로-

박준우 ( Jun U Park ) 한국상사판례학회 2008 상사판례연구 Vol.21 No.2

HaCaT 세포주에서 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG)가 자외선 및 LPS에 의한 iNOS mRNA 발현 및 NO 생성에 미치는 영향

탁우정 ( Tag U Jeong ),이창균 ( Lee Chang Gyun ),서성준 ( Seo Seong Jun ),김명남 ( Kim Myeong Nam ),노병인 ( No Byeong In ),홍창권 ( Hong Chang Gwon ) 대한피부과학회 2004 대한피부과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

N/A Background: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in inflammation and multiple stages of carcinogenesis. Green tea (Camellia sinensis polyphenols are potent antiinflammatory agents and have been shown to inhibit NO production in tumor cell lines. In the present study, we examined the effect of epigallocatechinp-3-gallate (EGCG), a generation of NO in HaCaT cells. Methods: HaCaT cells were treated with 10μM EGCG and 100μM NAC for 1 hour. 1 hour later, they were irradiated with 50mJ/cm^2 UVB and treated with 200 u㎍/ml LPS for 12 hours, respectively. The iNOS mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and NO production was assessed by spectrophotometric method based on Griess reaction. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) binding activity was determined by electophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results: The results were as follows 1. EGCG inhibited UVB and LPS induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. 2. HaCaT cells cotreated with EGCG produced significantly less iNOS mRNA and NO compared with HaCaT cells stimulated with UVB irradiation of LPS. 3. The inhibition of iNOS mRNA and NO production correlated with the suppression of expression of NF-κB dependent gene iNOS. 4. EGCG inhibited the activation and translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus Conclusion: inhibited the activation and translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus in HaCaT cells by interfering with the activation of NF-κB through a novel mechanism. Our results further suggest that EGCG may be therapeutically effective in UVB and cytokine induced cutaneous inflammation. (Korean J Dermatol 2004;42(1):37~46)

위장관암 환자에서 혈청 CA 72-4, CA 19-9 및 CEA의 진단적 의의

장우익 ( Jang U Ig ),김철한 ( Kim Cheol Han ),김현수 ( Kim Hyeon Su ),이종인 ( Lee Jong In ),이동기 ( Lee Dong Gi ),권상옥 ( Kwon Sang Og ),심영학 ( Sim Yeong Hag ),김대성 ( Kim Dae Seong ),윤갑준 ( Yun Gab Jun ),장세진 ( Jang Se 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.6

연구배경 : 종양표지자는 암의 조기진단, 임상적 병기 구분 및 치료효과 판정에 사용될 수 있다. 위장관암에서 alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen 및 CA 19-9가 중요한 종양표지자로 사용되고 있으나 위암에 대한 적당한 종양표지자가 없는 실정이다. 이에 저자등은 위암에 대한 새로운 종양표지자로 CA 72-4의 역할을 규명하고자 위암을 비롯한 각종 위장관암에서 CA 19-9 및 CEA를 동시 측정하여 비교하였다. 방법 : 대상은 위장관 악성종양환자 273예, 위장관 양성질환자 215예 및 정상대조군 93명이었으며, CA 72-4는 CIS ELSA CA 72-4 RIA kit, CA 19-9는 Abbott CA 19-9 RIA kit 그리고 CEA는 Abbott CEA RIA kit를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 각각의 정상 상한치는 4 U/ml, 37U/ml 그리고 5ng/ml로 하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 1) CA 72-4, CA 19-9 및 CEA의 평균치는 악성종양군에서 정상대조군이나 양성질환군보다 높았다(p<0.05). 2) CA 72-4는 장기별 양성질환에서 95~100%의 높은 특이도를 보였으나 CA 19-9는 담도질환에서 54%, CEA는 간장질환에서 63%로 CA 72-4에 비해 낮은 특이도를 보였다. (p<0.05). 3) CA 72-4는 위암에서 민감도가 49%로 CEA(31%) 및 CA 19-9(31%)보다 높았다(p<0.05). 4) CA 72-4는 췌장암 및 담도암에서 민감도가 각각 43%, 44%로서 CA 19-9(각각 79%, 87%)보다 낮았으며 (p<0.05), 대장암에서도 35%로 CEA(74%)보다 매우 낮았다(p<0.05). 5) 8예의 조기위암환자 전예에서 CA 72-4를 비롯한 CA 19-9 및 CEA가 모두 음성이었다. 6) 위암에서 림프절 전이 유무에 따른 CA 72-4의 차이는 없었으나, 원격 전이가 없는 환자군(10%)에 비해 원격전이군(77%)에서 현저하게 높은 양성률을 보였다(p<0.05). 7) 위암의 병기별 CA 72-4의 분포는 4병기에서 83%로 1병기(7%), 2병기(8%) 및 3병기(13%)보다 현저히 높았다(P<0.05). 8) 근치적 위절제술을 시행한 5예의 위암환자에서 수술후 CA 72-4치가 정상 상한치 이하로 감소하였고 항암 약물요법에 반응을 보였던 4예의 진행성 위암환자에서도 약물치료후 현저한 감소가 있었다. 9) CA 72-4는 전이성 대장암 및 췌장암에서 국소 및 국소진행성 대장암 및 췌장암에 비해 현저히 높은 양성률을 보였다. 10) 위암환자에서 CA 72-4와 CA 19-9 또는 CA 72-4와 CEA사이의 상관관계는 없었다. 결론 : 이상과 같이 CA 72-4는 위암에서 CA 19-9 및 CEA 보다 높은 민감도를 보였으며 특히 4병기 위암에서 현저히 높은 민감도를 보이는바 CA 72-4가 양성인 경우 치료방침을 결정하는데 신중한 고려가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 CA 72-4는 위암에서 수술 혹은 항암 약물 요법의 치료 monitoring에 적절히 사용될 수 있는 종양 표지자로 생각된다. 또한 각종 위장관 질환에서 CA 72-4는 기존의 종양표지자에 비해 높은 특이도를 보이는바 CA 72-4가 양성인 경우 항상 악성종양의 가능성을 고려하여야 한다. Background: Detection of tumor markers could offer an accessible method for screening risk groups in order to achieve an early diagnosis of cancers, to contribute to an adequate staging, and to help evaluate effects of therapy. Alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 are regarded as valuable tumor markers for gastrointestinal cancers. But in spite of the high incidence of gastric cancer in Korea, ideal tumor markers for gastric ancer have proved unrelible. So we investigated whether new tumor marker CA 72-4 is a reliable tumor marker for gastric cancer. And we compared CA 72-4 with CA 19-9 and CEA in the serodiagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers. Methods: Serum CA 72-4, CA 19-9 and CEA were determined radioimmunologically with monoclonal antibodies. A cut-off value of 4 U/ml, 37 U/ml and 5 ng/ml were used, respectively. Results: The results are summarized as follows. 1) The mean value of 72-4, CA 19-9 and CEA in malignant diseases were significantly higher than those of the benign digestive diseases (p<0.05). 2) CA 72-4 had high specificity ranged from 95%-100% in benign digestive disease groups but CA 19-9 (54%) had lower specificity in cholelithiasis(p<0.05) and CEA (63%) in benign liver diseases (p < 0.05). 3) In gastric carcinoma, the sensitivity of CA 72-4 (49%) was higher than that of CA 19-9 (31%, p<0.05) and CEA (31%, p<0.05). 4) The sensitivities of CA 72-4 was inferior to CA 19 -9 in pancreatic cancer (43% versus 79%, p<0.05) and in bile duct cancer (44% versus 87%, p<0.05) and to CEA in colon cancer (35% versus 749& p<0.05). 5) Eight of 45 resected gastric carcinoma patients had TI lesion (early gastric cancer), and CA 72-4, CA 19-9 and CEA were demonstrated all negative results for early gastric cancer. 6) In gastric carcinoma, there was no correlation between CA 72-4 positivity and occurrence of lymph node metastasis but significant difference of CA 72-4 positivity was observed between those with distant metastasis and those without metastasis(p<0.05). 7) The positive ratings in stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ gastric carcinoma were 7% (1 of 14 patients), 8% (1 of 12 patients), 13% (2 of 16 patients), and 83% (24 of 29 patients) respectively and significant higher CA 12-4 positivity was observed in stage IV gastric carcinoma (p<0.05). 8) Elevated levels of serum CA 72-4 decreased to below the cut-off value after radical gastric resection in five patients with resectable gastric carcinoma and decreased also after chemotherapy in four patients with chemo-responsive metastatic gastric carcinoma. 9) Comparing with local or locally advanced colon cancer and pancreatic cancer, high positivity of CA 72-4 was observed in metastatic colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. 10) No significant correlation was observed between CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 or between CA 72-4 and CEA in gastric carcinoma. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data indicates that CA 72-4 is a reliable new tumor marker of disease stages and activity in gastric carcinoma. And CA 72-4 had a very high specificity in benign digestive diseases, so that elevated serum levels of CA 72-4 should always be taken seriously.

마이콤에 의한 小形 펄스모터制御에 관한 硏究

禹靖仁,李浚柝 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1982 硏究報告 Vol.6 No.1

Micom is the most powerful and profitable tool for the control of the stepping motor as a small pulse motor. In this paper, it is reported that a series of controll programs, that is, the basic program and the programs for the C. W. and C. C. W. rotations and the limited operations, are developed. And the conclusions through these experiments have been obtained as follows. 1) The drive of the stepping motor is not only excution by Micom pulses, but the finding of the 1 phase, 2phase or 1-2 phase excited output is depended upon the instruction of out port. 2) The sequential control of the exciting phase and the C. W. and C. C. W. rotations of the Rotor through the shifted Accumulator Register inside C P U is excuted easily, and the developements of the control programs and the expansion of the Buffer Memory space make the limited operation and the speed control possible. 3) Ultimately, by the closed loop drive of he stepping motor, when the patterns of the arbitrary selected step accelerations, constant speeds, decelerations and stop are memorized in the Micom Kit, the tracking operation of the open loop drive is possible.

인터넷에서의 사진저작물의 보호와 부정경쟁

박준우 法務部 商事法務課 2009 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.46

이 논문은 타인의 사진작품을 허락 없이 자신의 광고·홍보 기타 영업에 이용한 경우에 저작권 침해가 주장된 사건을 논의의 대상으로 한다. 특히, 이 사건들에서 분쟁발생의 원인과 그 해결을 위한 법적 수단의 괴리를 지적하고, 이를 보완하기 위한 법리로 부정경쟁방지를 위한 불법행위법리의 사용을 논의한다. 이를 위해 우선 인터넷에서의 사진저작권 침해 관련 판례의 내용을 살펴보고, 대부분의 사건들에서 원고가 원하는 것은 저작권의 침해방지가 아닌 경쟁에 있어서의 무임승차의 방지이므로 부정경쟁의 방지를 위한 불법행위의 필요성과 인정요건, 그리고 그 한계를 논의하는 순서로 논문을 전개한다. 우리나라의 부정경쟁방지법이 한정적 열거방식을 취하고 있는 시점에서 민법 제750조를 근거로 한 불법행위법리의 이용은 저작권법을 보완하는 매우 유용한 수단이 될 수 있다. 이 논의는 결국 배타적 권리에 의해 보호되지 아니하는 상업적 가치가 있는 정보를 경쟁관계에서 이용함에 있어서 위법성이 있는 경우와 없는 경우를 구별할 수 있는 기준의 마련에 관한 논의가 될 수밖에 없다. 결국 경쟁관계에서의 위법성의 판단은 침해행위로 인해 얻는 이익과 침해된 이익의 비교형량을 통하여 상대적으로 판단할 수 밖에 없고 판결을 통한 영업이익침해의 유형화가 필요하다고 본다. This article deals with copyright cases, in which defendant uses plaintiff's photographs for advertisement of her website without consent. This article discusses on the tort doctrines to fill the gap between plaintiffs desire to prevent defendant from using her photographs for advertising purposes in the context of competition and the copyright tool to resolve the dispute. This article first introduces the facts and court decisions of related cases, and argues that though plaintiff claims defendant's copyright infringement, what plaintiff wants is not the return of her investment in creating photographs, but the prevention of competitors' free-riding. Therefore, this article argues that unfair competition approach is more appropriate than copyright approach in this context. However, the Korea Unfair Competition Prevention Act does not have a general provision prohibiting unfair competition, but provides an exhaustive list of unfair competition. Thus, development of tort doctrines to prevent unfair competition is necessary and at the core of the future discussion should be the test for the distinction of illegal competition from lawful one.

제주 토양에서 배추의 질소 이용 및 질산태 질소의 축적

송성준,강태우,유장걸 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2006 방사선응용과학연구소논문집 Vol.20 No.-

부산지역의 암 사망자에 대한 역학적 조사 연구

이채언,전진호,김준연 인제대학교 1985 仁濟醫學 Vol.6 No.4

1982년도에 신고된 부산지역 암 사망자는 1,977명(남 1,236명, 여 741명)으로 전체 사망자의 14.6%이었고, 암 사망자에 대한 의사 진단율은 86.3%이었으며, 암 특수사망율은 인구 10만명당 59.1명(남 75.2명, 여 43.6명)으로 40대 이후에 현저하게 높았다. 한편 부산의 암 사망 순위는 남자는 간암, 여자는 위암이 1위이었으며, 서구 및 중구에서 암 사망율이 높았다. For the purpose of obtaining the fundamental data for further control of cancer patients, we evaluated the level and structure of cancer deaths with subject of 1,977 certified cancer deaths of Pusan city in 1982. The obtained results were as follows: 1.Number of cancer deaths were 1,977 (male: 1,236, female: 741), and they were corresponded to 14.7% of all deaths of Pusan city in 1982. 2.The rate of death certification by physicians was 80.3% of all deaths and 86.3% of cancer deaths, and most (89%) of cancer patients were died at home. 3.Crude death rate was 4,0 and cancer specific death rate was 59.1 (male: 75.2, female: 43.6), and age-specific cancer death rate was increased by aging. The highest cancer death rate was 23.6 of liver in male and 13.6 of stomach in female, and the ratio of male to female cancer death rate was 1.7:1. 4.Cancer death rate by area (Cu) comparing to the average rate of Pusan city was significantly high in Chung-Gu and So-Gu, and low in Yongdo-Gu, Tongnae-Gu, Puk-Gu and Saha-Gu. 5.Cerebrovascular disease (70.1) and Cancer (60.8) was the first and second cause of deaths, and particularly stomach and liver cancer was corresponded to 55.6% of all cancers.

Role of network geometry on fluid displacement in microfluidic color-changing windows

Ahmet Burak Uçar,Orlin D. Velev,Hyung-Jun Koo 국제구조공학회 2016 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.18 No.5

We have previously demonstrated a microfluidic elastomer, which changes apparent color and could have potential applications in smart windows. The practical use of such functional microfluidic systems requires rapid and uniform fluid displacement throughout the channel network with minimal amount of liquid supply. The goal of this simulation study is to design various microfluidic networks for similar applications including, but not limited to, the color-switching windows and compare the liquid displacement speed and efficiency of the designs. We numerically simulate and analyze the liquid displacement in the microfluidic networks with serpentine, parallel and lattice channel configurations, as well as their modified versions with wide or tapered distributor and collector channels. The data are analyzed on the basis of numerical criteria defined to evaluate the performance of the corresponding functional systems. We found that the lattice channel network geometry with the tapered distributors and collectors provides most rapid and uniform fluid displacement with minimum liquid waste. The simulation results could give an important guideline for efficient liquid supply/displacement in emerging functional systems with embedded microfluidic networks.

선박건조용 다기능 핸들링로봇의 설계

권광진,전재억,정진서,황영모,박후명,하만경 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Ratio that robot occupies is low level worldwide fairly in susdension wire, electricity electron and neutralization learning industry and domestic industry of this is staying in average leve. Can speak that grafting of robotic machine and neutralization learning industry is high in terms of side of creation of the added value or progress of technology rightly hereupon. This research raises or designed multi-function handling robot that can make welding, assembly conveniently catching large size work water