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Arkadiusz Jamrozik,Wojciech Tutak,Michał Gruca,Michał Pyrc 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.6
The effects of gasoline/diesel and ethanol/diesel on combustion, fuel economies and exhaust emissions of dual fuel direct injection diesel engine were experimentally investigated. Tests were carried out based on a direct injection engine at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm and full load. The results showed that with the fraction of gasoline and ethanol increasing, ignition delay was noticed. Operating parameters of dual fuel engine powered with gasoline were at the same level as for engine powered by pure diesel fuel. In case of powering by ethanol the values of thermal efficiency and indicated mean effective pressure increased (about 13 %) with increase of ethanol fraction up to 55 %. For maximal analyzed gasoline fraction specific NO x (nitrogen oxide) emission increased by 2.7 times, but for ethanol the increase was lower and it was by 2.5-times compared to reference values obtained for an engine powered by pure diesel fuel. Regarding THC (total hydrocarbons) emission up to 45 % of ethanol or gasoline energetic fraction no significant increase in specific THC emissions was noted. With the increase in ethanol and gasoline fraction in combustion process causes lower CO (carbon monoxide) emission. It turns out that it is possible to co-combustion of gasoline in a compression-ignition internal combustion engine.
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Relations between the Characteristics of Angora Rabbit Fibre
Onal, Levent,Korkmaz, Mahmut,Tutak, Mustafa The Korean Fiber Society 2007 Fibers and polymers Vol.8 No.2
Angora rabbit fibre is one of the finest specialty animal fibres with its well-known reputation for fineness, lightness and softness. This study evaluated the Angora fibre shape and morphology in comparison with Cashmere fibre and wool as well as the relation between characteristics of Angora fibre. Unlike other keratinous textile fibres, single Angora fibre composes of two sections named as body and head, each of which has individual surface characteristics. Differences between the scale shapes, scale length and scale frequency of Angora hair types were explained in details. Medullation in Angora fibre was explained for different types of Angora hairs defined as down, awn, and bristle. This classification was done according to the fibre fineness starting from the finer one. Relation between fibre shape and comfort factor was also analyzed. The relation between mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre curvature (FC) and percentage of medullation by volume (MEDV) for Angora rabbit fibre was not as strong as wool and Cashmere fibre. Accordingly, when Angora hair types were analyzed individually, it was observed that relation between FC and MEDV for Angora fibre was stronger than wool and Cashmere fibre. Multiple regression analysis was also performed. Diameter distribution along the snippet length (about $200\;{\mu}m$) of Angora fibre is uneven compared to Cashmere fibre and wool.
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