Herbivore-responsive cotton phenolics and their impact on insect performance and biochemistry

Garima Dixit,Ashish Praveen,Tusha Tripathi,Vikash Kumar Yadav,Praveen C. Verma 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2

Insect damage to plants can have several impacts on plant biochemical composition and such changes may influence the insect performances. Here,we examined herbivore-responsive alterations in the phenolic profile of cotton plant using three cotton genotypes, Bc-68-2, Gcot-16 and Coker-312, belonging to G. hirsutumsp. during their infestation with two biting and chewing insects viz., Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura, separately for 96 h. Both insects had similar effects on phenolic induction in cotton plants (Gossypium sp.) at 96 h post infestation (hpi) however, the phenolic accumulationwas genotype specific.Wemeasured 13 phenolic compounds, out ofwhich four phenolic acids viz., gallic acid (GA), cinnamic acid (CA), p-coumaric acid (PA) and salicylic acid (SA) displayed higher accumulation in response to insect herbivory at 96 hpi. The subsequent impact of four herbivore- responsive phenolics on insect performance was evaluated through diet incorporation assay. Insect larvae displayed significant reduction in larvalweights and substantial mortality on 10th day in case of CA and PA incorporated diets at higher concentrations. Physiological examination of treated larvae on 5th and 10th day post feeding at CA and PA containing diets revealed oxidative stress, reduced lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, altered glucose and protein level and enhanced glutathione-S-transferase enzyme activity in larvae feeding on treatment diets as compared to controls.Our results suggest that the defensive chemistry of phenolics has important effect on the insect fitness and physiology and the flavonoids such as CA and PA can be utilized in pest control programmes.

Level of Organochlorine Pesticide in Prediabetic and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Varying Degree of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance among North Indian Population

Shipra Tyagi,Brijesh Kumar Mishra,Tusha Sharma,Neha Tawar,Abdul Jamil Urfi,Basu Dev Banerjee,Sri Venkata Madhu 대한당뇨병학회 2021 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.45 No.4

Background Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure may induce an endocrine disruption which may lead to the risk of developing diabetes through alteration and disturbance of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and destruction of β-cells. The present study determines the recent trend of OCPs residue in blood samples and their association with the known risk factors responsible for developing the risk of diabetes among the North Indian population. Methods Blood sample of 300 patients (100 each of normal glucose tolerance [NGT], prediabetes and newly detected diabetes mellitus [DM]) between the age group of 30 to 70 years were collected. OCPs residue in whole blood samples was analyzed by using gas chromatography equipped with a 63Ni selective electron capture detector. Results Significantly higher levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dieldrin, and p,p’-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) were found in the prediabetes and newly detected DM groups as compared to NGT group. Insulin resistance showed to be significantly positive correlation with β-HCH and dieldrin. Also, fasting and postprandial glucose levels were significantly positively correlated with levels of β-HCH, dieldrin, and p,p’-DDE. Further, when OCPs level was adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), it was found that β-HCH, dieldrin, and p,p’-DDE levels in blood increases the risk of diabetes by 2.70, 2.83, and 2.55 times respectively. Moreover, when we adjust OCPs level based on BMI categories (BMI <23, ≥23, and ≤25, and >25 kg/m2); β-HCH and p,p’-DDE showed a significant risk of developing newly detected DM with BMI >25 and ≥23 and ≤25 kg/m2. Conclusion The OCPs level present in the environment may be responsible for biological, metabolic, and endocrine disruptions within the human body which may increase the risk of developing newly detected DM. Hence, OCPs exposure can play a crucial role in the etiology of diabetes.

Chronic persistent post-surgical pain following staging laparotomy for carcinoma of ovary and its relationship to signal transduction genes

( Ashok Kumar Saxena ),( Geetanjali T Chilkoti ),( Anand K Chopra ),( Basu Dev Banerjee ),( Tusha Sharma ) 대한통증학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.29 No.4

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of chronic persistent post-surgical pain (CPPP) and the role of signal transduction genes in patients undergoing staging laparotomy for carcinoma ovary. Methods: The present observational study was undertaken following institutional ethical committee approval and informed consent from all the participants. A total 21 patients of ASA grade I to III with age 20-70 years, scheduled for elective staging laparotomy for carcinoma ovary were included. Patients were excluded if had other causes of pain, cognitive dysfunction or chronic neurological disorders. Statistical analysis of pool data was done using SPSS version-17. For various scales like GPE, PDQ, NPSI, the visual analogue scale (VAS), global perceived effect (GPE), the pain DETECT questionnaire (PDQ), and neuropathic pain symptoms inventory (NPSI), one factor repaeted measure ANOVA applied with simple contrast with baseline as on post-operative day 1 (considered as reference and compared with subsequent time-interval), and the P values were adjusted according to “Bonferroni adjustments”. In patients with CPPP, the Δct values of mRNA expressions of genes at the end of postoperative day 90 were compared with the baseline control values by one factor repeated ANOVA. P value < 0.005 significant. Results: The present study demonstrates 38.1% (8 out of 21 patients) incidence of CPPP. The functional status and quality of life as were observed to be significantly diminished in all patients with chronic pain. An up-regulation in the mRNA expression of signal transduction and a positive correlation was noted between the mRNA expression of signal transduction genes and VAS score in all patients with CPPP at the end of postoperative day 90. Conclusions: The reported incidence of CPPP in patients with carcinoma ovary was 38.1%. An up-regulation and positive correlation between mRNA expression of signal transduction genes and VAS score depicts its potential role in the pathogenesis of CPPP. (Korean J Pain 2016; 29: 239-48)

Chronic persistent post-surgical pain following staging laparotomy for carcinoma of ovary and its relationship to signal transduction genes

Saxena, Ashok Kumar,Chilkoti, Geetanjali T,Chopra, Anand K,Banerjee, Basu Dev,Sharma, Tusha The Korean Pain Society 2016 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.29 No.4

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of chronic persistent post-surgical pain (CPPP) and the role of signal transduction genes in patients undergoing staging laparotomy for carcinoma ovary. Methods: The present observational study was undertaken following institutional ethical committee approval and informed consent from all the participants. A total 21 patients of ASA grade I to III with age 20-70 years, scheduled for elective staging laparotomy for carcinoma ovary were included. Patients were excluded if had other causes of pain, cognitive dysfunction or chronic neurological disorders. Statistical analysis of pool data was done using SPSS version-17. For various scales like GPE, PDQ, NPSI, the visual analogue scale (VAS), global perceived effect (GPE), the pain DETECT questionnaire (PDQ), and neuropathic pain symptoms inventory (NPSI), one factor repaeted measure ANOVA applied with simple contrast with baseline as on post-operative day 1 (considered as reference and compared with subsequent time-interval), and the P values were adjusted according to "Bonferroni adjustments". In patients with CPPP, the ${\Delta}ct$ values of mRNA expressions of genes at the end of postoperative day 90 were compared with the baseline control values by one factor repeated ANOVA. P value < 0.005 significant. Results: The present study demonstrates 38.1% (8 out of 21 patients) incidence of CPPP. The functional status and quality of life as were observed to be significantly diminished in all patients with chronic pain. An up-regulation in the mRNA expression of signal transduction and a positive correlation was noted between the mRNA expression of signal transduction genes and VAS score in all patients with CPPP at the end of postoperative day 90. Conclusions: The reported incidence of CPPP in patients with carcinoma ovary was 38.1%. An up-regulation and positive correlation between mRNA expression of signal transduction genes and VAS score depicts its potential role in the pathogenesis of CPPP.