芥川龍之介における文体の経年変化 - 主成分分析による計量的検証 -

Tsutsui Akihiro 단국대학교 일본연구소 2012 일본학연구 Vol.35 No.1

This study explores whether it is possible to demonstrate Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s stylistic shift over time, with the use of variables different from those that are used in Tsutsui’s previous study. The variables used in this investigation are five style-indicating features: average sentence length, standard deviation of sentence length, Guiraud’ Index, the frequency ratio of the occurrence of noun, and MVR, which is a ratio of the frequency of the occurrence of adjectives, adverbs, and rentaishi to that of verbs. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) is conducted on the correlation matrix among the data indicated by those five features. The result of PCA illustrates Akutagawa’s stylistic shift over time, suggesting the establishment of his writing style towards the last stage of his career. It is concluded that Akutagawa’s stylistic change over time is confirmed by variables other than those that are used in Tsutsui’s previous study. 본 연구 목적은 아쿠타가와류노스케 작품들간에 시간 추이에 인한 문체 변화가 있는지를 쯔쯔이(2011)와 상이한 변수를 바탕으로 검증하는 데에 있다. 사용한 변수는 문장(文長) 평균값, 문장(文長) 표준편차, Guiraud 치, 명사 비율, MVR(동사 빈도에 대한 형용사, 부사, 연체사[連体詞] 빈도의 비율)의 5 가지이며, 이들 간의 상관행열(correlation matrix)에 대해 PCA(Principal Component Analysis)를 실시했다. 그 결과 아쿠타가와의 문체는 시간 흐름에 따라 간결해 졌음과 동시에 문장(文章)의 간결성에 관해 안정성이 커진 것으로 확인되었다. 그러므로 아쿠타가와류노스케 작품의 문체에 경년변화가 있음이 쯔쯔이(2011)와 다른 변수를 대상으로 해도 검증됨으로 결론지을 수 있다.

Electroluminescent Properties of Anthracene - Based Dyes with α - and β - Naphthylethenyl Substituent

Tsutsui, Tetsuo,Kim, Hong Soo 한국공업화학회 1998 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.4 No.4

New electroluminescent materials based on anthracene chromophore, 9,10-bis(αnaphthylethenyl)anthracene (α-BNA) and 9,10-bis(β-naphthylethenyl)anthracene (β-BNA) were newly synthesized. The anthracene derivatives with bulky substituent possessed high melting point and they gave stable amorphous films through vacuum-sublimation. Two types of electro-luminescent devices were fabricated with double layer and triple layer structures : ITO/TPD/ emission layer/MgAg, and ITO/TPD/emission layer/OXD-7/MgAg, respectively. In the triple layer devices with the emissive layer of α-BNA and β-BNA, efficient orange electroluminescence was observed in both types of device : maximum luminance was about 9900 cd m^(-2) 10000 cd m^(-2) an applied voltage of 10 V and maximum external quantum efficiency in the double layer devices was 0.9%, 1.4%, respectively.

レトリックの可能性 – 行為の決定におけるパトスの働き –

Tsutsui Akihiro 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2020 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.85

This study aims to demonstrate the possibility of rhetoric to deal with two inevitable conundrums in practical reasoning and practical argumentation, the infinite regress problem, and the “Is-Ought” problem. The infinite regress is a problem of an incessant requirement for conceded premises to secure a claim. The “Is-Ought” problem is the alleged impossibility to deduce a prescriptive statement from a descriptive statement. Fairclough, I. and Fairclough, N. (2012b) appear to succeed in disposing of those complications, but their claim is only valid in the realm of social reality that is regulated by normative commitment. The function of emotions in practical reasoning and argumentation is one of such domains that they do not pay due attention to, and that is what this study works on. Consideration of The Awakening of the East written by Okakura Tenshin(1863-1913), where Okakura attempts to win Asian people’s adherence to an idea of renitency against Western powers in the early twentieth century, shows that pathos, or the appeal to emotions plays an appropriate role to help Asian people to approve of an idea that Asia is worthy of being appreciated. This contribution of pathos to persuasion means that pathos makes both practical reasoning and practical argumentation immune to the two enigmas in the case of The Awakening of the East as practical argumentation. This resolution can be attributed to a property of rhetoric of being evocative.

岡倉天心東洋の覚醒における複問の虚偽 -議論学的視点からの談話分析-

Tsutsui Akihiro 한국일본언어문화학회 2019 일본언어문화 Vol.46 No.-

Argumentation is a social activity whereby an arguer increases the audience’s adherence to claims being advanced. Argumentation is performed at a site of discourse, where the arguer, the audience, and arguments affect each other through a process of argumentation. This study, from a perspective of argumentation studies, attempts a discourse analysis to identify what solicited Okakura Tenshin (1863-1912) to commit so-called complex question fallacies in The Awakening of the East, in which he urged Asian people to take action of resistance against Western imperialism. The paper first clarifies the coercive nature of the pertinent fallacy in the sense that a respondent can be trapped into conceding a presumption embedded in the question given to him/her. A consideration of the historical background suggests that the presumption at stake here does not hint the fact that the Imperial Japan as a newly emerging power intensified tendencies to behave similarly to imperialistic Western nations. Regarding this work of Okakura’s as practical argumentation, i.e. argumentation whereby agents involved make a decision on what to do, this study then shows that the pertinent presumption does not immediately correspond to any premise in the structure of practical argumentation, but contributes to the enhancement of Okakura’s ethos as an arguer. This enhancement of his ethos is expected to establish his communion with Asian people so that their adherence to his claim can increase. Thus this finding reinforces the significance of a reciprocal cooperation between discourse analyses and argumentation studies. .

価値としてのアジア -岡倉天心著『東洋の覚醒』の議論学的談話分析-

Tsutsui Akihiro 한국일본언어문화학회 2019 일본언어문화 Vol.48 No.-

This study, through a discourse analysis from a perspective of argumentation studies, addresses questions encountered in Okakura Tenshin (1863-1913)’s two works, The Ideals of the East, and The Awakening of the East. The questions prompted by considering historical contexts in which those two works were written are: 1) What motivated Okakura to proudly proclaim “Asia is one.” in The Ideals of the East? and 2) Was it the case that in the Awakening of the East Okakura indeed intended to encourage Asian people to fight against Western powers? First in the analysis, it is confirmed that in The Awakening of the East Asia is discursively constructed as an ethnic community, which is supposed to play an inevitable role in the formation of a nation. Next, a view is put forward that a practical reasoning, i.e., a reasoning that leads to a conclusion of the most possible appropriate action to do in a given circumstance, underlies a discourse of The Awakening of the East. Given that a practical reasoning can switch back and forth between an argumentation and an explanation according to context, the final phase of the analysis, by observing a relative weight shifted to the conclusion of the reasoning in the latter half of the work, demonstrates that the discourse of The Awakening of the East functions as an explanation. This leads to the conclusion that what Okakura indeed attempted to claim is that Asia is of irreplaceable value as an ethnic community. This is the way how this study reinforces that an approach from the viewpoint of argumentation studies can exert an effect on discourse analyses.

並列コーパスに関する方法論の問題点 –補助動詞[しまう]と[버리다]の対照分析を通して–

Tsutsui Akihiro 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2013 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.56

Corpus‐based contrastive analyses, providing empirical evidences, contribute a great deal to descriptions of language. Deficiency of methodological consideration, however, would possibly undermine the validity of a research. Among such defects is distortion in parallel corpora due to formal correspondence not based on translation equivalence. Based on contrastive analyses by means of two kinds of parallel corpora on shimau, a Japanese auxiliary verb, and beorida, an apparent Korean counterpart of shimau, this research demonstrates that such a difficulty is indeed possible.

補助動詞[てしまう]と[아/어 버리다] -コーパス基盤対照言語学による考察-

Tsutsui Akihiro 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2012 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.53

This study analyzes differences between te shimau, a Japanese auxiliary verb, and its seeming Korean counterpart, a/eo beorida, based on a corpus‐based contrastive approach. Consideration of the modality aspect of the two auxiliary verbs leads to an assumption that the frequency of their occurrence will differ across text genres. The classification of verbs with the application of Lexical Conceptual Structure helps to form another assumption that the distribution of verbs associated with the auxiliary verbs will reflect their aspectual and modal properties. Log‐likelihood tests on the frequency of occurrence of those auxiliary verbs reveal that te shimau is in significantly disproportionate usage across text genres, which is not always the case with a/eo beorida. Furthermore, the features of co‐occurrence strength between the auxiliary verbs and verbs, in conjunction with Principal Component Analysis based on those features, demonstrate a considerable difference between the two auxiliary verbs in terms of what types of verbs they prefer: te shimau seems to have no restriction on the verb type for connection, while a/eo beorida shows a strong tendency to co‐occur with verbs requiring strong agency. Showing distinctive differences between the two auxiliary verbs that would not otherwise emerge, this study confirms the efficacy of corpus‐based contrastive analyses.

作文に基づく計量的方法による能力測定の妥当性検証-海外研修教育効果の測定を中心に-

Tsutsui Akihiro 한국일본어학회 2014 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.41

In measuring specific traits on the basis of essay writing, explicit algorithm based methods exceed human rating in reliability and labor costs, but raise a controversy over the validity. This paper examines the validity of explicit algorithm based methods of measurement through essay writing in the case of detecting educational effects of a study abroad program. Indicators used in this paper for measuring program participants’ reflection on a given topic, knowledge expansion, and argument logicality are lexical density, Guiraud’s Index, and betweenness centrality in Centering Resonance Analysis, respectively. Correlations shown in a multitrait-multimethod matrix composed of those three variables with the use of both explicit algorithm based methods and human rating did not verify the validity of those indicators. This result, however, does not deny, but rather reinforces the significance of validating the measurement of educational effects in all the possible situations in college education.

Persistent Gender Division of Labor in Japan

Tsutsui Junya 한국사회학회 2017 한국사회학회 사회학대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.12

岡倉天心著「東洋の覚醒」に現れたイデオロギー –antithesisに基づく談話分析–

Tsutsui Akihiro 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2014 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.62

This article aims to detect discursive manifestations of ideologies in Okakura Tenshin (1863-1913)’s The Awakening of the East, which was posthumously published in 1938. The manuscript, though commenced with deep lamentation of Asia’s humiliation contrasted to the glory of Europe, solicits at the end a pan-Asian alliance against the oppression from the Western side. Based on T. A. van Dijk’s framework of discourse analysis on ideologies, the manuscript is examined with an analytical primacy given to antithesis, that is, contrasted terms or propositions placed in identical or parallel segments. The analysis demonstrates that in Okakura’s The Awakening of the East antithesis plays a significant role as a device for positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation, which is one of the typical features of ideologies manifested in discourse. 本稿は、岡倉天心(1863-1913)著「東洋の覚醒」においてイデオロギーが談話を通して現れる形を捉えることを目的とした。岡倉の死から四半世紀を経た1938年に初めて刊行された本著作は、西洋の栄光に比した東洋の屈辱に対する悲憤慷慨に始まり、西洋の圧迫に対抗するための汎アジア連帯の訴えで稿を閉じる。分析は、T. A. van Dijkのイデオロギー談話分析の枠組みに則り、antithesis、すなわち対照的な語句、命題の並列的配置に着目して行なった。その結果、「東洋の覚醒」においては、談話におけるイデオロギーの現れの特徴の一つである、自己の肯定的表出・他者の否定的表出のための装置としてantithesisが重要な役割を果たしていることが示された。