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Hashimotodani, Yuki,Ohno-Shosaku, Takako,Tsubokawa, Hiroshi,Ogata, Hidenori,Emoto, Ken,Maejima, Takashi,Araishi, Kenji,Shin, Hee-Sup,Kano, Masanobu Elsevier 2005 Neuron Vol.45 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Endocannabinoids mediate retrograde signal and modulate transmission efficacy at various central synapses. Although endocannabinoid release is induced by either depolarization or activation of G<SUB>q/11</SUB>-coupled receptors, it is markedly enhanced by the coincidence of depolarization and receptor activation. Here we report that this coincidence is detected by phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) in hippocampal neurons. By measuring cannabinoid-sensitive synaptic currents, we found that the receptor-driven endocannabinoid release was dependent on physiological levels of intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration ([Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>), and markedly enhanced by depolarization-induced [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> elevation. Furthermore, we measured PLC activity in intact neurons by using exogenous TRPC6 channel as a biosensor for the PLC product diacylglycerol and found that the receptor-driven PLC activation exhibited similar [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> dependence to that of endocannabinoid release. Neither endocannabinoid release nor PLC activation was induced by receptor activation in PLCβ1 knockout mice. We therefore conclude that PLCβ1 serves as a coincidence detector through its Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> dependency for endocannabinoid release in hippocampal neurons.</P>
Development of Characteristic Internship Program on Engineering Education
Oka, Tetsuo,Tanabe, Yuji,Abe, Kazuhisa,Narumi, Takatsune,Sato, Takashi,Tsubokawa, Norio,Kaneko, Futao Korean Society for Engineering Education 2014 공학교육연구 Vol.17 No.4
A practice on learn-by-doing career education programs has been operated in Faculty of Engineering in Niigata University from 2006. The purpose of the activity is reduction of early unemployment which is due to the gaps between the situations which university students would expect in their job hunting processes and those of their practical work places after getting jobs. We developed a novel internship program to let the students notice the practical situations of engineers outside the university. A major part of the program is composed of two different kinds of internships and what we call a career design workshop. The characteristic programs are called "Market Internship" and "Technology Internship". In the activities, they are organically connected with each other. In the paper we refer to one of the unique internship programs "Technology Internship", which is characterized as a longer-term practice than usual. In the course of one-month internship practices, the students obtained deeper understandings and closer relationship to the practical work places of the companies than usual internships which last less than two weeks. The students estimated these unique experiences effective for their job hunting in near future.
Development of Characteristic Internship Program on Engineering Education
Tetsuo Oka,Yuji Tanabe,Kazuhisa Abe,Takatsune Narumi,Takashi Sato,Norio Tsubokawa,Futao Kaneko 한국공학교육학회 2014 공학교육연구 Vol.17 No.4
A practice on learn-by-doing career education programs has been operated in Faculty of Engineering in Niigata University from2006. The purpose of the activity is reduction of early unemployment which is due to the gaps between the situations which universitystudents would expect in their job hunting processes and those of their practical work places after getting jobs. We developed anovel internship program to let the students notice the practical situations of engineers outside the university. A major part of theprogram is composed of two different kinds of internships and what we call a career design workshop. The characteristic programsare called “Market Internship” and “Technology Internship”. In the activities, they are organically connected with each other. Inthe paper we refer to one of the unique internship programs “Technology Internship”, which is characterized as a longer-term practicethan usual. In the course of one-month internship practices, the students obtained deeper understandings and closer relationship tothe practical work places of the companies than usual internships which last less than two weeks. The students estimated theseunique experiences effective for their job hunting in near future.