The Role of Faculty in Undergraduate Curricular Development: An Exploration of Influences and Ways of Knowing from Departmental Chairs and Directors

Trudeau, Michelle M University of Washington 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

At most American universities, faculty hold curricular authority and are responsible for undergraduate degree requirements, but the literature review revealed little from the faculty perspective. This dissertation research focused on the faculty perspective on undergraduate curricular development by conducting eighteen semi-structured interviews of chairs and directors from eleven different departments that completed significant curricular changes from 2005 to 2011 at a large undergraduate college in a Research Extensive University. Departmental chairs and directors were chosen since they hold final signatory authority on curricula for their department, and are in faculty leadership positions. This research identified similarities in the faculty chair experience at this university, regardless of field or background. It was found that their experience from the leadership responsibility for curricula was the main contributor to their knowledge about curricular development, and they often referenced other programs for models. They cited that the main influence on curricular change was the budgetary system and monetary resources of the university, and barriers to change were the inertia of the faculty and processing time. Other significant findings were: the use of professional advising staff as a resource; the importance of collegiality and consensus among the faculty to enact curricular change; and the influence students, program size, and professional societies had on curricula.

Collaborating in care: Developing a model of dialogic empathy in nursing education

Trudeau, Kimberlee Jean City University of New York 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The goal of this exploratory study was to teach nursing students to perceive empathy as a dialogic process versus as a personal characteristic through narrative reflection. This required the development of a dialogic empathy model for nursing education; that is, a model that presents empathy as a reciprocal process shared by the nurse and client within their interactions. Given the increasing cultural diversity between providers and clients in stressful medical situations, awareness of the interaction of the characteristics of oneself and another (i.e., dialogism) could potentially enhance both the efficacy and experience of care. This study included (a) narrative reflection of nurse-client interactions from various perspectives (based on Discourse Theory) and (b) pre/posttest assessments in a randomized design. I collected data from 44 participants in a first semester clinical nursing theory undergraduate course in Fall 2003. First, can dialogic empathy be assessed? The narratives written by the participants in the experimental condition provided data with which to define and examine the proposed model of dialogic empathy. A repeated measures analysis of narrative content revealed that dialogic empathy (i.e., reciprocal awareness of one's own and another's perspectives), differed by context: More dialogic empathy was evident in narratives about the more vulnerable populations. Second, can nursing students learn to perceive empathy as a dialogic process by writing narrative reflections? The pre/posttest randomized design revealed between-group differences. The three primary outcomes were the posttest minus pretest scores for the level of dialogism in the Ideal Nurse responses, and two subscale scores for the dialogic-type subscales of the quantitative measures. The secondary outcome was the thematic responses to the posttest What is Empathy? task. Though statistical power was restricted by the small sample size, all assessments suggested that although empathy was perceived as a personal characteristic, it was more likely to be perceived as an intention or process by those in the experimental condition. Future research is required to explore if a dialogic view of empathy, one that values nurses' needs and interests, as well as those of their clients, increases nurse retention in the health care profession.

Health Outcomes of Family Caregivers: Examining the Role of Spirituality and Religion

Trudeau, Stephanie Michele ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

It is estimated that there are nearly 40 million family caregivers actively providing care for a loved one with a chronic illness in the United States today (American Association for Retired Persons, 2015). This number is projected to double by.

Interim presidents in higher education: An analysis of factors influencing the interim presidential leadership experience in Minnesota and Wisconsin

Trudeau, Gregory Paul University of Minnesota 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this research project was to expand the knowledge base pertaining to interim presidential experiences within the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin. This qualitative research project was a phenomenological study based on interviews with nineteen individuals regarding their perspective of interim presidents within the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin. The nineteen interviewees consisted of eight interim presidents, four from Minnesota and four from Wisconsin. These interim presidents have had at least one experience as an interim president within Minnesota or Wisconsin within the past ten years. The interim experiences were at public institutions of higher education fitting the classification of a Master's University as defined by the Carnegie classification. Interviews were also conducted with the chair or a member of the search and screen committee seeking a permanent president during these eight interim presidential periods. Finally, three top administrators within the state systems of Minnesota and Wisconsin were interviewed. Two of these administrators were from Minnesota, one from the University of Minnesota System and one from the Minnesota State College and University System. The other system administrator interviewed was from the University of Wisconsin System. Data from these nineteen interviews was analyzed with the help of Ethnograph v5.0. This software helped in the management of data files and effectively coded the data files for analysis. The finding of this research project contributes to prior research conducted by, Sheahon Jay Zenger (1996) who determined that Dr. Shankel used a consensus building style of leadership. However, since Zenger's research dealt with the leadership style of only one individual, he posed the question of whether other interim leaders also used the consensus style of leadership. The analysis of the data determined that interim presidential leaders do in fact use the consensus-building style of leadership. All eight interim presidential leaders described their leadership style using terms indicating that they relied upon the consensus style of leadership.

Stable isotopic analysis and firn air reconstruction of the atmospheric history of methane and delta-carbon-13

Trudeau, M. E University of Colorado at Boulder 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

An infrared absorption spectrometer has been constructed to measure the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric methane samples. The spectrometer employs periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) to generate difference frequency radiation from two near infrared diode lasers, an 811 nm Fabry-Perot diode laser and a 1066 nm alpha-DFB diode laser. This technique yields ∼15 microwatts of single mode, tunable radiation that probes the nu 3 rotational-vibrational band of methane at 3.3 microns. The radiation is split between a multipass absorption cell for spectral measurements of the sample, and a reference absorption cell containing a standard gas. Methane is extracted from 25 L of air using cryogenic preconcentration procedures to increase the multipass cell partial pressure and enhance the signal, and wavelength modulation is utilized to reduce spectrometer noise. Isotopic composition is expressed as the ratio of singular value decomposition coefficients in conventional "per mil" notation. The 1sigma instrument precision was ∼12‰ for both delta13C and deltaD. A firn air diffusion model has been developed to reconstruct histories of atmospheric methane and methane isotopic composition using firn air measurements from expeditions at North GRIP (Greenland), South Pole, and Siple Dome (Antarctica). Model predictions of gravitational fractionation are verified with 40Ar/36Ar ratios and 15N/14N ratios of N2, isotopomers of inert gases with constant atmospheric mixing ratios. Methane diffusivity in porous snow is calibrated using known histories of SF6 and CO2 mixing ratios, long-lived gases with histories of rapid atmospheric increase. Monte Carlo modeling is used to quantify reconstruction uncertainties. Methane mixing ratio histories derived from South Pole and Siple Dome firn air agree well with direct southern hemisphere measurements and the Law Dome reconstruction of Etheridge et al. [34]. North GRIP measurements have allowed for the first reconstruction of the polar northern hemisphere methane mixing ratio, demonstrating methane growth rates between 1.0--1.1%yr-1 from 1950 to 1990. The polar southern hemisphere methane delta13C reconstruction using carbon isotope measurements from Siple Dome firn also agrees well with two previous studies, however reconstruction uncertainties overwhelm the magnitude of the atmospheric growth rate over the time period of this study, prohibiting definitive statements concerning trends in methane delta13C in the recent past. In the light of the Siple Dome results, it seems likely that the stated uncertainties of these earlier studies have been underestimated due to a combination of uncertainty contributions from sampling procedures/flask storage effects and the inherent convoluted nature of air contained in polar firn.

The Anatomy of a Social Justice Field: The Growth, Collaboration, and Dissonance of the Modern U.S. Anti-Trafficking Movement

Trudeau, Elizabeth H ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Notr 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

A Microbiome and Metabolome Analysis of Antibiotic Growth Promotors and Antibiotic Alternatives Fed to Swine

Trudeau, Michaela P ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

The mechanisms of action for antibiotic growth promotion are poorly understood, making it difficult to select effective alternatives capable of providing similar responses. The objective of this thesis was to identify mechanism of action when feeding growth promoting levels of antibiotics and antibiotic alternatives. The first trial identified tylosin-responsive metabolites in growing pigs. This experiment identified that feeding tylosin increased the concentration of the secondary bile acids hyodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid and multiple bacteria in the Clostridia family. These findings suggest the mechanism of growth promotion involves an alteration in bile acid metabolism. The second experiment evaluated the growth performance, metabolic responses, and changes in intestinal microbiome composition of nursery pigs fed a variety of feed additives and antibiotic controls. Only the antibiotic group had improved growth performance over the negative control. Although none of the feed additives tested had an effect on alpha or beta microbiome diversity, supplementing multiple herbal blends increased the relative abundance of cecal bacteria in the genus Lactobacillus. In addition, the effect of experiment location had a greater influence on the microbiome than the effect of dietary treatment. Overall, these experiments identified that antibiotic growth promotion could use a mechanism involving bile acid metabolism, but this was not consistent when a different antibiotic was used. In addition, the proposed antibiotic alternatives had a minimal impact on animal growth, microbiome, and metabolism, but experiment location significantly impacted these parameters and this effect should be further evaluated.