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Anther Culture in Crop Plants: Progress and Perspectives
M. Thoihidul Islam(M. Thoihidul Islam ),Mohammad Rashid Arif(Mohammad Rashid Arif ),Md. Toufiq Hasan(Md. Toufiq Hasan ),Arif Hasan Khan Robin(Arif Hasan Khan Robin ) 한국육종학회 2023 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.11 No.2
A resurrection has started in haploid and double haploid research in the twenty-first century. The haploid and double haploid could be achieved through in vivo and in vitro anther and microspore culture techniques. Fixing the homozygosity is the most striking benefit of androgenesis. Various factors like genotypic dependency, growth condition, developmental stage of the microspore, pre-treatment, culture media, regeneration media, growth hormones, and various chemicals have a direct effect. Wheat, rice, Brassica, and tobacco are the notable crops where anther and microspore culture has been utilized. These haploidy and double haploidy through anther culture served many purposes of basic and applied research. Especially, double haploid cultivars have been cultivating around the globe. In addition, for chromosome mapping, QTL mapping, marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcrossing, mutation breeding, genome-wide association study, genomic engineering, and genome editing, androgenesis based haploid and double haploid plants have been exploited due to the effectiveness. Recently, researchers are trying to explain albinism that happens during anther culture from an epigenetic perspective. Further prospects of haploid and doubled haploid research through anther culture have been described in this review.
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Energy management in multi stage evaporator through a steady and dynamic state analysis
Om Prakash Verma,Gaurav Manik,Toufiq Haji Mohammed 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.10
Increasing energy demand, high cost of energy and global warming issues across the globe require energyintensive industries, such as paper mills to improve energy efficiency. Multi-stage evaporators used to concentrate the black liquor in such mills form its most energy consuming unit and require a strong understanding of steady and unsteady state behavior to ensure energy savings. The modeling of nonlinear heptads’ effect system yielded a set of complex nonlinear algebraic and differential equations that are analyzed using Interior-point method and state space representation. Dynamic response of product concentration and system vapor temperatures along with system stability and controllability have been explored by disturbing the flow rate, concentration and temperature of feed, and fresh steam flow rate. Simulations predict that steam flow rate, feed flow rate and its concentration invariably are major controlling factors (in decreasing order) of vapor temperature and product concentration. The interactive behavior between different effects translates into slower responses of the effects with increasing separation from disturbance source. This steady state and transient study opens many new explanations to this relatively less explored area and helps to propose and implement industrial PID controllers to reduce steam consumption and control product quality.
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Influence of tungsten doping concentration on the electronic and optical properties of anatase TiO2
Matiullah Khan,Wenbin Cao,Ning Chen,Zahid Usman,Dil Faraz Khan,Arbab Mohammad Toufiq,Murad Ali Khaskheli 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.7
The structural, electronic and optical properties of tungsten-doped TiO2 have been investigated using density functional theory with plane wave basis sets and ultrasoft pseuodopotential. Substitutional W doping at Ti sites create W 5d states just below the conduction band minimum while interstitial W doping gives isolatedW5d states in the middle of forbidden region. Averaged bond lengths show that W doping at Ti sites produce minimum structural distortion as compared to the interstitial W-doped TiO2. Substitutional W-doped TiO2 has better visible light absorption compared to interstitial W-doped TiO2and has stable configuration which provide reasonable explanation for the experimental findings. Tungsten doping in TiO2 with different doping concentrations is investigated as an enabling concept for enhancing the visible light absorption. Optical properties show that optimal W doping concentration would improve the visible light absorption. 2.08% W doping concentration gives strong visible and ultraviolet light absorption among all doped models found consistent with experiments.
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