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Optimization of steel-concrete composite beams considering cost and environmental impact
Andréia Fátima Tormen,Zacarias Martin Chamberlain Pravia,Fernando Busato Ramires,Moacir Kripka 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.34 No.3
In the optimized structure sizing, the optimization methods are inserted in this context in order to obtain satisfactory solutions, which can provide more economical structures, besides allowing the consideration of the factors related to the environmental impacts in the structural design. This work proposes a mathematical model for the optimization of steel-concrete composite beams aiming to minimize the monetary cost and the environmental impact, using the Harmonic Search optimization method. Discrete variables were the dimensions of the steel profiles and the thickness of the collaborating slab of the composite steel-concrete beam. The proposed model was implemented in Fortran programming language and based on improvements in the structure of the optimization method proposed by Medeiros and Kripka (2017). To prove the effectiveness and applicability of the model, as well as the Harmonic Search method, analyzes were performed with different configurations of steel-concrete composite beams, in order to provide guidelines that make the use of these systems more streamlined. In general, the Harmonic Search optimization method has proved to be efficient in the search for the optimized solutions, as well as important considerations on the optimization of the monetary and environmental costs of steel-concrete composite beams were obtained from the developed examples.
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Modelling the shapes of the largest gravitationally bound objects
Rossi, Graziano,Sheth, Ravi K.,Tormen, Giuseppe Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.416 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>We combine the physics of the ellipsoidal collapse model with the excursion set theory to study the shapes of dark matter haloes. In particular, we develop an analytic approximation to the non‐linear evolution that is more accurate than the Zeldovich approximation; we introduce a planar representation of halo axial ratios, which allows a concise and intuitive description of the dynamics of collapsing regions and allows one to relate the final shape of a halo to its initial shape; we provide simple physical explanations for some empirical fitting formulae obtained from numerical studies. Comparison with simulations is challenging, as there is no agreement about how to define a non‐spherical gravitationally bound object. Nevertheless, we find that our model matches the conditional minor‐to‐intermediate axial ratio distribution rather well, although it disagrees with the numerical results in reproducing the minor‐to‐major axial ratio distribution. In particular, the mass dependence of the minor‐to‐major axis distribution appears to be the opposite to what is found in many previous numerical studies, where low‐mass haloes are preferentially more spherical than high‐mass haloes. In our model, the high‐mass haloes are predicted to be more spherical, consistent with results based on a more recent and elaborate halo finding algorithm, and with observations of the mass dependence of the shapes of early‐type galaxies. We suggest that some of the disagreement with some previous numerical studies may be alleviated if we consider only isolated haloes.</P>
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