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산형과 식물의 세포분류학적 연구 - Angelica 속 및 Cnidium 속 식물의 염색체 수와 화분 결실도
도정애(Chung Ae Toh) 한국생약학회 1971 생약학회지 Vol.2 No.1
A comparative study on Angelica and Cnidium, the two genera of Umbelliferae growing in Korea, was carried about the cytology and fertility of pollen. The somatic chromosome number of Umbelliferae was found almost to be 2N=22. Both species of Kang-whal and Chun-gung were found to be in polyploid with different chromosome numbers each other. The pollen fertility among the species of Angelica was high, but Toh-chun-gung was zero percent. The species of Angelica have been generated with pollen fertility, but species of Cnidium with only root or rootlet.
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도광순 한국도교학회 1990 道敎學硏究 Vol.5 No.1
Taoism can be characterized as a science of mystical and Metaphysical intellect as well as scientific intellect seeking for longevity by the study of the nature and for the acquirement of skills. The nature of Taoism is very uniqle among many religion because of its tendencies of scientific and technical intellect and its structure of pantheistic mystics. Confucianism takes a serious view of rational intellect and its tendencies almost limited within practical and ethical aspects, but Taoism is different from that of Confucianism. As Taoism is trying to searching for the origin. of the cosmos and the life itself, and study on the nature in terms of its principles, the horizon and intellectual aspect of Taoism is very sublime. Taoism, which takes a serious ,view of scientific, technical intellects trusts and believes that the possibilities of the human longevity through the inquiry of the nature and skill development. What Hong GER said that even Tai-i--wen-Chin who is called the master of Lao-tzu became a great taoist immortal through learning of Tao and taking of Taoist immortals medicine does mean this. Taoism that has those characteristics became to develop the alchemy from the human longevity, which was the searching for human longevity, had close relationships to alchemy, medicine, and pharmacology, as a result of these development, Taoism became to have naturally relationships with a mineral, metallurgy, chemistry, botany, astronomy and geology. In this aspects, scientific researches and developments which had the close relationships to Taoism in China was not accidental. East-Asian (Chinese traditional) medicine was developed under the close relationships with Taoism. Under the name of Chinese traditional medicine was contributed to miraculous effects on both therapeutics and preventive medicine up to now cannot be denied. Tao-in, Tyau-Shi, Shi-er are considered as very interesting subjects for presevation of health. Discovery of the effects of ginseng as a tonic, and discovery of amber as a fossi resin are good examples of Taoistic medicine. Especially, the discovery of raw material of gunpowder from a sulphur and a nitrate by scientists of Taoism and the first discovery of black gunpowder in the world as a result of chemical operations of alchemy for the compositions of a panacea were big events. As religious Taoism is based upon philosophical Taoism, which is life philosophy, Taoistic science has also same traits. Tao in philosopliical Taoism means the intrinsic nature of the cosmos (life). Thus one explanation that one Chi unspecialized life-energy come from Tao, Yin -yar;g two chi come from the results of circulation of one phi, Chong -Chi (harmonious Chi) come from the result of a compound of two Chi mutual live, mutually destructive in the five primary elements, and finally all creation come from three Chi (Lao-tzu,142) is one theoretical approach, anotler theoretical approach is the cosmos formation theory or the cosmos creation theory by Chung-tzu. Chung-tzu explains the cosmos formation as follows; when Chi comes together it delivers the life, and when Chi comes apart, it comes into the death. Here, Chi means the original source of life energy, and Yin-Yang means a kind of an The Scientific Idea in Taoism es elementary substance of life (actually it is different from) that of western four elements, it means the statesment and the traits of life (nature). When we analize the Yin-Yang, it can be analized as wood, fire, soil, gold and water, which makes five elements. Many changes in the nature come from systematic interactions among these Yin-Yang five elements. Science in Taoism builded on the base of philosophy and belives as follows; Human's profound intellects can unite the transcendental absolute Tao, the origin of the universe, and thus human being can be harmony with the great nature or fuse into one. In that case, human being can rnanupulate the nature freely and subjectively(absolute negation means absolute affirmation). By above-mentioned principles, scientific researches of Taoism was developed, and not only the alchemy and medicine but also the similar sciences such as astronomy or astrology, the theory of geomancy and Tou chen(Techniques for reading heaven's will based on the phenomena facts of the nature). The science in Taoism is based upon the experiential recognition of the diversity or change of the nature, and is prettyrational because they cannot believe the ghost can be defeated by the God. However, the science in Taoism still cannot emerge from the religious mysticism means that Taoism has close relationship to, taoist the fundamental maigcian's ascetic skills. These mysterious or magic traits of Taoistic science hindered significantly the development of rational sciences. But, as J. Needham indicated, in the early stages of the natural science, these characteristics were very important factors to investigate on the truth of the nature very enthusiatically. In order to acquire ascetic ability, Bao Jing (sexual skills) Ching-chi (breuthing skills) Tao-in (gymastics) Pi-ker (avoid eat grains) were suggested but the great medicine of din-Dan was regarded the best thing for ascetic ability among these method. Alchemy was the techniques how to make Jin -Dan. In alchemy, Whan-Dan and Jln-i (gold liquid) were consiered ae import.emt. Put Dan-Sa (mercury sulfide) in the closed kettle and heat it up, then it become a sublimate, mercury. As a same manor, heat the mercury up and c:ah get red mercury sulfide by the reaction with oxygen. We call red mercury sulfide as khan-Dan. To make Jin-i (gold liquid), put Uen-Mingthydrated hydraacide), Rong-Kou(copper carbonate), Tai-i(carbonated irore, Yung-shi(rock-salt) and Dan-Sa (mercury carbonate) in the closed pot and leave 100 of days, we can fined the explanations of alchemy from the oldest text book on Chinese alchemy, "Chao-I-Chan Tong-Chi" written by Po-Yang WEI(456e536) or `Pao -pu-zu' the best research book in this field written by Hong GER(283 -382). Cinnabar has the consevation of matter (im-mortality), which is back to the original statement automatically and gold has the permanency, which cannot be changed or damaged by water or heat. Thus they believed that gold and cinnabar can make human body strong and provide human longevity. If person takes gold liquid, he can live longer and become an ascetic. In addition when the gold liquid with the loess put in the closed jar and heated, the gold can be mixed with murcury and produce silver from murcury. As the same manner, the silver can be converted into the gold. In this sense, an alchemist can be a gold smith at tle same time one interesting thing we have to mention is that the purpose of Western alchemy was making money but the purpose of Eastern alchemy was developing medicine for human longevity. The cleanical reacted gold was considered as the essence of every medication, and they were trying to add the religious and ethical meaning to the alchemy that only one who has sincerity and devotedness can maliquid This thought can be considered as the characteristics of Taoistic science. We; who are victims of harmful medications or the abuse of modern drugs can take a lesson from this ethical thaught. However, as a result of alchemy, human body become injured by the poisoning of murcuiy or arsenic. Because of this, they have focused on internal alchemy rather than external alchemy since Song Dynasty. The main reasons of the failure of the alchemy were the conflict between hypothesis and the actual facts and unverified knowledge by deduction Su-i and Tao-shi has a certain meaning of depth-psychology. This can strengthen and unify the consciousness with unconsciousness and eluminate hidden emotion or hidden complex coming from the unconsciousness. Thus, it is related to the psychotherapy, which can control energy of the unconsciousness freely or Schultz's autogenic traning, it also is related to the bio-feed back of Psycho-biological medicine. These philosophical foundations under the name of Chi-Kong become a common research objects among philosophy, religion, medicine, psychology, athetics, biology, physics and arts. In medical field, there are Hwang-Ti-Nei-Ching, (Su-un, Lin Su, Tai-Su) as a fundamental medical text(B.C. 1), Shang-Han-Run, as a theraputic medical text, written by Chung-chin CHANG (later Han, 2C) Shin-Nong-Ben Chao-Ching' by Hong-Chang TAO (Rang 6C) as a text of pharmacology and all of these books are considered as claeics. In particular; Hwang-Ti-Nei-Ching explained the function of human body by Taoistic philosopy as well as providing fundamental theories of the medicine. This philosophical explanations come from the principles of the universe ; human being, a small universe, can exist based upon the Chi by the Yin-Yang as does the universe. If the human's Chi of Yin Yang lost its harmony, he (or she) as liable to illness. As the life come from the origin of the Chi, the ckath means back to the original Chi. In this principle, emotiaae and spirits, central elements of lifenee can be changed withdn the movement of Chi of Yin-Yang and hmnan can survive his life through the unit of the body and spirit. 'The theory that human being's disease came fram disharmony of Two elements-Yin -Yang and curing a disease can be attained by good harmony of Yin -Yang make us recognize homestasis in Mology and equih'brium in psychology. Anyway, theories of Chi, as a body-eirit monism, is trying to synthesize modern Western natural science with traditional Eastern human science an emerge of new science paradigm.
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강호조,이후장,정태성,김도경,어용준,김재황 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.3
Feather waste, generated in large quantities as a byproduct of commercial poultry processing, is almost pure keratin, which is not easily degradable by common proteolytic enzymes. Several feather-degrading bacterial isolates were isolated from feather waste and soil. These isolates were able to degrade chicken feather, when grown on basal medium containing 1.0% native feather as a source of energy, carbon, and nitrogen. The isolates were characterized according to morphological characteristics and biochemical tests, and Vitek and API kit system. belonging to the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus cereus. It was observed that aerobic growth by the isolate on single whole chicken feather, resulted in complete degradation of the keratin protein after 5-6 days of incubation at 37℃. The production of protein by the organism was decreased with cultivation time, with the maximum activity coinciding with the start of the stationary phase. The kerationolytic activity increased with cultivation time.
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Toh, Boo-Ho 서강대학교 경영학연구원 2002 서강경영논총 Vol.13 No.2
Many believe that better linkages of priority and action plans are fundamental to surviving in the world market. However, there was little previous research dealing with the relationship between the strategic priority and action plans in the view of competitive weapon. This study presents empirical findings on differences between U.S. and Korean manufacturing approach to relationship of priority and action plans.
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Stretchy binary classification
Toh, Kar-Ann,Lin, Zhiping,Sun, Lei,Li, Zhengguo Elsevier 2018 Neural networks Vol.97 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this article, we introduce an analytic formulation for compressive binary classification. The formulation seeks to solve the least <SUP> ℓ p </SUP> -norm of the parameter vector subject to a classification error constraint. An analytic and stretchable estimation is conjectured where the estimation can be viewed as an extension of the pseudoinverse with left and right constructions. Our variance analysis indicates that the estimation based on the left pseudoinverse is unbiased and the estimation based on the right pseudoinverse is biased. Sparseness can be obtained for the biased estimation under certain mild conditions. The proposed estimation is investigated numerically using both synthetic and real-world data.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Proposed a novel cost function for counting the samples that are misclassified. </LI> <LI> Conjectured an analytic solution to a constrained p -norm minimization problem. </LI> <LI> Linkage of the proposed formulation to two existing classifiers. </LI> <LI> Provided variance analysis for the proposed analytic solution. </LI> <LI> Extensive experiments with comparison to state-of-the-arts. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Light intensity controlled wrinkling patterns in photo-thermal sensitive hydrogels
Toh, William,Ding, Zhiwei,Ng, Teng Yong,Liu, Zishun 테크노프레스 2016 Multiscale and multiphysics mechanics Vol.1 No.1
Undergoing large volumetric changes upon incremental environmental stimulation, hydrogels are interesting materials which hold immense potentials for utilization in a wide array of applications in diverse industries. Owing to the large magnitudes of deformation it undergoes, swelling induced instability is a commonly observed sight in all types of gels. In this work, we investigate the instability of photo-thermal sensitive hydrogels, produced by impregnating light absorbing nano-particles into the polymer network of a temperature sensitive hydrogel, such as PNIPAM. Earlier works have shown that by using lights of different intensities, these hydrogels follow different swelling trends. We investigate the possibility of utilizing this fact for remote switching applications. The analysis is built on a thermodynamic framework of inhomogeneous large deformation of hydrogels and implemented via commercial finite element software, ABAQUS. Various examples of swelling induced instabilities, and its corresponding dependence on light intensity, will be investigated. We show that the instabilities that arise have their morphologies dependent on the light intensity.
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