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Opening up the Turkish Economy in the Context of the Customs Union with Eu
Togan, Su¨bidey 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.2
The paper consider the Turkey-EU customs union (CU). After reviewing briefly the developments in Turkey-EU relations the paper studies the structure of protection that prevailed prior to the formation of the CU as well as structure of protection that will prevail when all of the adjustments required by the CU will be completed. The resource allocation effects of the CU are studied using nominal and effective protection rates. Besides the liberalization of trade the CU introduces new rules and disciplines that will effect the functioning of markets in Turkey. With the formation of CU Turkey is confronted with reductions in annual tax revenue. The paper studies the possible effects of tax revenue losses as well as the effects of the CU on FDI in-flows.
Design of pin jointed structures using teaching-learning based optimization
Togan, Vedat Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.47 No.2
A procedure employing a Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) method is developed to design discrete pin jointed structures. TLBO process consists of two parts: the first part represents learning from teacher and the second part illustrates learning by interaction among the learners. The results are compared with those obtained using other various evolutionary optimization methods considering the best solution, average solution, and computational effort. Consequently, the TLBO algorithm works effectively and demonstrates remarkable performance for the optimization of engineering design applications.
Optimization of trusses under uncertainties with harmony search
Togan, Vedat,Daloglu, Ayse T.,Karadeniz, Halil Techno-Press 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.37 No.5
In structural engineering there are randomness inherently exist on determination of the loads, strength, geometry, and so on, and the manufacturing of the structural members, workmanship etc. Thus, objective and constraint functions of the optimization problem are functions that depend on those randomly natured components. The constraints being the function of the random variables are evaluated by using reliability index or performance measure approaches in the optimization process. In this study, the minimum weight of a space truss is obtained under the uncertainties on the load, material and cross-section areas with harmony search using reliability index and performance measure approaches. Consequently, optimization algorithm produces the same result when both the approaches converge. Performance measure approach, however, is more efficient compare to reliability index approach in terms of the convergence rate and iterations needed.
Technical Barriers to Trade: The case of Turkey and the European Union
( Subidey Togan ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.30 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to study in detail the policies Turkey has adopted for the elimination of Technical Barriers to Trade within the context of 1995 Customs Union Decision between the EU and Turkey as of January 1, 1996. In addition, the paper emphasize the problems Turkey have encountered during the implementation of the policies, administrative costs of implementation. It is hoped that the Turkish experience will be beneficial for Southern and Eastern neighbors of the EU pursuing deeper economic integration with the EU within the context of EU’s European Neighborhood Policy.
Opening up the Turkish Economy in the Context of the Customs Union with EU
( Subidey Togan ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.2
The paper consider the Turkey-EU customs union (CU). After reviewing briefly the developments in Turkey-EU relations the paper studies the structure of protection that prevailed prior to the formation of the CU as well as structure of protection that will prevail when all of the adjustments required by the CU will be completed. The resource allocation effects of the CU are studied using nominal and effective protection rates. Besides the liberalization of trade the CU introduces new rules and disciplines that will effect the functioning of markets in Turkey. With the formation of CU Turkey is confronted with reductions in annual tax revenue. The paper studies the possible effects of tax revenue losses as well as the effects of the CU on FDI in-flows.
Optimization of trusses under uncertainties with harmony search
Vedat Togan,Ayse T. Daloglu,Halil Karadeniz 국제구조공학회 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.37 No.5
In structural engineering there are randomness inherently exist on determination of the loads, strength, geometry, and so on, and the manufacturing of the structural members, workmanship etc. Thus, objective and constraint functions of the optimization problem are functions that depend on those randomly natured components. The constraints being the function of the random variables are evaluated by using reliability index or performance measure approaches in the optimization process. In this study, the minimum weight of a space truss is obtained under the uncertainties on the load, material and crosssection areas with harmony search using reliability index and performance measure approaches. Consequently, optimization algorithm produces the same result when both the approaches converge. Performance measure approach, however, is more efficient compare to reliability index approach in terms of the convergence rate and iterations needed.
Inverse problem for the first entire Zagreb index
Muge TOGAN,Aysun YURTTAS,Ismail Naci CANGUL 장전수학회 2019 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.29 No.2
The inverse problem for topological graph indices is about the exis- tence of a graph having its index value equal to a given non-negative integer. In this paper, we study the problem for the rst entire Zagreb index. We will rst show that the rst entire Zagreb index must be even for any graph G, and can take all positive even integer values except 4; 6; 10; 12; 14; 18; 20; 22; 26; 28; 30; 36; 38 and 46.
All versions of Zagreb indices and coindices of subdivision graphs of certain graph types
Muge TOGAN,Aysun YURTTAS,Ismail Naci CANGUL 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.1
In this paper, we nd formulae for ten mostly used types of Zagreb indices for the subdivision graphs of some well-known classes of graphs.
A teaching learning based optimization for truss structures with frequency constraints
Dede, Tayfun,Togan, Vedat Techno-Press 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.53 No.4
Natural frequencies of the structural systems should be far away from the excitation frequency in order to avoid or reduce the destructive effects of dynamic loads on structures. To accomplish this goal, a structural optimization on size and shape has been performed considering frequency constraints. Such an optimization problem has highly nonlinear property. Thus, the quality of the solution is not independent of the optimization technique to be applied. This study presents the performance evaluation of the recently proposed meta-heuristic algorithm called Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) as an optimization engine in the weight optimization of the truss structures under frequency constraints. Some examples regarding the optimization of trusses on shape and size with frequency constraints are solved. Also, the results obtained are tabulated for comparison. The results demonstrated that the performance of the TLBO is satisfactory. Additionally, TLBO is better than other methods in some cases.
Triangular units based method for simultaneous optimizations of planar trusses
Mortazavi, Ali,Togan, Vedat Techno-Press 2017 Advances in computational design Vol.2 No.3
Simultaneous optimization of trusses which concurrently takes into account design variables related to the size, shape and topology of the structure is recognized as highly complex optimization problems. In this class of optimization problems, it is possible to encounter several unstable mechanisms throughout the solution process. However, to obtain a feasible solution, these unstable mechanisms somehow should be rejected from the set of candidate solutions. This study proposes triangular unit based method (TUBM) instead of ground structure method, which is conventionally used in the topology optimization, to decrease the complexity of search space of simultaneous optimization of the planar truss structures. TUBM considers stability of the triangular units for 2 dimensional truss systems. In addition, integrated particle swarm optimizer (iPSO) strengthened with robust technique so called improved fly-back mechanism is employed as the optimizer tool to obtain the solution for these class of problems. The results obtained in this study show the applicability and efficiency of the TUBM combined with iPSO for the simultaneous optimization of planar truss structures.