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        The Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

        Dominic Wei Ting Yap,Nicole Kye Wen Tan,Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan,Yao Hao Teo,Veronique Kiak Mien Tan,Anna See,Song Tar Toh 한국유방암학회 2022 Journal of breast cancer Vol.25 No.3

        Purpose: Emerging evidence from animal models suggests that intermittent hypoxia due to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for breast cancer. Despite their biological plausibility, human epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to delineate this relationship. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for eligible studies from inception until June 6, 2021. Two reviewers selected randomized trials or observational studies reporting the association between OSA and breast cancer incidence compared with those without OSA. Two reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We pooled the maximally covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis and performed pre-specified subgroup analyses. Results: We included six studies out of 1,707 records, comprising a combined cohort of 5,165,200 patients. All studies used the International Classification of Diseases codes to classify OSA and breast cancer. OSA patients had a 36% increased breast cancer risk (HR, 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.80; N = 6, I2 = 96%) compared to those without OSA. Most studies adjusted for confounders, such as age, sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use, and hypertension. Subgroup analyses for studies with (1) multivariate adjustment and (2) at least five years of follow-up yielded HRs of 1.35 (95% CI, 0.98–1.87; N = 5, I2 = 96%) and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.14–2.18; N = 4; I2 = 90%), respectively. One Mendelian randomization study suggested a causal relationship, with a two-fold increase in the odds of breast cancer in patients with OSA. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that OSA is a risk factor for breast cancer. Future studies should explore the dose-response relationship between OSA and breast cancer, and whether treatment may mitigate breast cancer risk or progression.

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        An Optimized Covalent Immobilization of Glucamine on Electrospun Nanofibrous Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Sheets Grafted with Oxirane Groups for Higher Boron Adsorption

        Madana Leela Nallappan,Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef,Teo Ming Ting,Arshad Ahmad 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.8

        Nanofibrous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sheets were produced by electrospinning and grafted with oxirane groups using radiation induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) followed by treatment with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG). The NMDG density in the nanofibers was tuned by optimization of the immobilisation reaction variables using response surface methodology (RSM). The various properties of NMDG-containing nanofibers were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The NMDG-containing nanofibers were tested for boron selective removal from solutions. A maximum glucamine density yield of 2.2 mmol/g was obtained at 15 wt%, 87 oC, 64.7 min and 150 % for NMDG concentration, temperature, time and degree of grafting (DG), respectively. The applied procedure incorporating RSM was found to be highly effective in the optimization of covalently immobilised glucamine on the oxirane modified PVDF based-nanofibrous structure and in imparting an excellent combination of physico-chemical and boron retention properties. A complete boron removal was achieved in 100 mg/l boron solution adsorbent with a dosage of 0.6 g at pH 7 in 2 h time. This was accompanied by a promising reusability suitable for boron removal from solutions.

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        Modification of Radiation Grafted Banana Trunk Fibers for Adsorption of Anionic Dyes

        Sarala Selambakkannu,Nor Azillah Fatimah Othman,Khomsaton Abu Bakar,Ting Teo Ming,Reshina Devi Segar,Zulhairun Abdul Karim 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.12

        Pre-treated banana fiber were successfully grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by employing preirradiationgrafting technique with the aid of electron beam accelerator. GMA-grafted fibers were subsequentlyfunctionalized with trimethylamine (TMA). TMA functionalized fibers were subjected to elemental analysis to quantify thepresence of nitrogen on the fibers. The adsorption of anionic dyes, acid blue (AB 80) and acid red (AR 86) in aqueoussolution by TMA functionalized fibers were studied in this paper. The adsorption kinetics were evaluated with pseudo-firstorder and pseudo-second order. The kinetic adsorption data obtained follows the pseudo-second kinetic model which issupported by higher coefficient value, r2 > 0.99, good agreement with qe,cal and qe,exp values and also represents chemisorptionprocess control. The equilibrium adsorption data were also analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption of AB 80 dye obeys the Langmuir adsorption model whereas adsorption of AR 86 dye obeys the Freundlichadsorption isotherm model. Adsorption capacity of AR 86 dye is higher than AB 80 dye. The adsorption process wasfavorable as shown by the separation factor (RL) in the range of 0 < RL < 1. In desorption studies, high amount dyes waseluted with mixture of 50 % methanol + 30 % NaCl (0.5N) + 20% NaClO (1.0N).

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