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An Interview with Tim Cresswell
Tim Cresswell ; Peter Adey Academy of Mobility Humanities 2022 Mobility Humanities Vol.1 No.2
PA (Peter Adey): Firstly, I’d like to say thank you very much for agreeing to talk to us. I thought we were going to start off talking about something that has inspired the Academy of Mobility Humanities (AMH), and this journal, which is in relation to Pearce and Merriman's book and special issue of Mobilities (2017), “Mobility and the Humanities.” One of the interesting things they highlighted was a counter version of the way that the new mobilities paradigm and mobility studies could be constructed. They question the more social science driven origins, and present an alternative history to the new mobilities paradigm. Obviously, knowing your work very well, I wondered how you saw that kind of history? TC (Tim Cresswell): I think that until I saw that reference to an alternative history, I did not think that was necessary as a construct because, for me, I think that the way mobility and mobility studies became prominent was through the humanities. I never considered that it was anything other than that. And so, as they note in the paper, when I write about such things, I tend to note that thinking about mobilities connects the social sciences, the humanities, and, indeed, the arts. When I think about where my inspirations were, before the new mobilities paradigm paper and before John Urry's book, Sociology Beyond Societies (2000), there was work being done in a of number of fields, including anthropology, critical theory, philosophy, and literary studies that focused in one way or another on mobilities. So if you look at Mary Louise Pratt’s Imperial Eyes(1992), you could say the only reason it’s not mobilities work was because it wasn't identified as such. It was clearly starting to talk about these ideas of transculturation and moving between things. And James Clifford was talking about living between sites, not focusing on one place as an anthropological piece of work but living across the routes with a “u” rather than roots with the two “o”s. In philosophy, there were all the works that were happening under the guise of postmodernism that cantered fluidity and the nomadic. Even in sociology, if you read a book of Zygmunt Bauman, you can call that social science or you can call that Humanities. The same is true of John Urry (Tourist Gaze, Sociology Beyond Societies, and Mobilities). If you read Mimi Sheller’s work, it is as much informed by the humanities as it is by social sciences. When I hear reference to the social sciences, I tend to think of something a bit more reductive than it needs to be. I think of a more empiricist, slightly more quantitative tradition that still tries to maintain the word “science.” But there is clearly the interpretive social sciences which overlap with the humanities. In my own work I think that all my trajectory of thinking about mobility is inspired by the Humanities or what would be recognised as humanities, including creative arts and literature.
Transparent, photocatalytic, titania thin films formed at low temperature
Tim Kemmitt,Najeh. I. Al-Salim,Jiaxin Lian,Vladimir B. Golovko,Jan-Yves Ruzicka 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.1
A convenient method for the preparation of transparent, photocatalytic titania thin films is described. The films do not require annealing or thermal processing to develop photoactivity, thus can be applied to many thermally-sensitive substrates. Oxalic acid is used in place of the usual mineral acids to peptize the precipitated hydrous titania formed from the hydrolysis of titanium iso-propoxide. This leaves no inorganic residues in the film resulting in a higher quality film. The mineral phase and the photocatalytic activity produced are strongly influenced by the ratio of oxalic acid:titanium iso-propoxide employed. The peptization is carried out at 65 C with vigorous stirring for 1 h in water containing 15% v/v ethanol, followed by a hydrothermal step at 95 C. High oxalic acid:Ti molar ratios (0.5:1) result in rutile free sols, while lower ratios (0.25:1) result in anatase, rutile, brookite and TiO2(B) in varying proportions. The films were exposed to low level UV light to cure, and photodecompose the residual organic components in the film. The photodecomposition of residual oxalic acid in the cast films were monitored using infrared spectroscopy. Photo-activity of the UV-cured films was compared by monitoring the decoloration of methylene blue stains on the film, by UVeVis spectroscopy. Transmission was greater than 99% across the visible light region (400e800 nm).
City Networks as Alternative Geographies of Southeast Asia
Tim Bunnell 서강대학교 동아연구소 2013 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.1 No.1
Over the last two decades, research on world cities and global cities has unsettled the nation-state as the default unit ofanalysis in many disciplines in Anglophone social science. Rather than seeing the world as comprised ofa mosaic ofnational political and social units, alternative geographies of networks connecting cities and urban regions have risen to prominence. In this paper, I consider the implications ofsuch alternative mappings for Southeast Asia, bringing urban studies and area studies into critical conversation with each other. Geographies ofurban networks extending across national borders challenge the ingrained methodological nationalism of conventional area studies, not least in Southeast Asia. However, to what extent do framings of trans-national urban connections among Southeast Asian or Asian cities mean that methodological nationalism has simply been up-scaled to methodological regionalism? In the first of the two main sections of the paper, I look in detail at the network spatialities brought into view by global and world cities scholars and consider their implications for regional urban systems frameworks. Flows of people, money and ideas extending from cities in Southeast Asia to cities beyond that region, and even trans-continentally, arguably imply that areal framings melt into network geographies which are global in scope. In the second section of the paper, I consider three types of regional formations that have been identified in research on globalization: the global triad regions, region states, and interAsia flows of capital; models and people which I examine do not map onto conventional cartographies of Southeast Asia. Together, these two sections of the paper serve as a reminder that in future research regions need to be specified empirically rather than assumed to exist as a priori framings for research, and that the geographies of ‘actually existing’ regionalizing processes are often very different from area studies mappings of the world.