Benchmark study on a novel online dataset for standard evaluation of deep learning-based pavement cracks classification models

Tianjie Zhang,Donglei Wang,Yang Lu 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.4

Highway agencies and practitioners expect to have the most efficient method with adequate accuracy when choosing a deep learning-based model for pavement crack classification. However, many works are implemented on their own dataset, making them hard to compare with each other, and also less persuasive and robust. Therefore, a Road Cracks Classification Dataset is proposed to serve as a standard and open-source dataset. Based on this dataset, a benchmark study of fourteen deep learning classification methods is evaluated. Two parameters, the Ratio of F1 and Training Time (RFT) and Ratio of F1 and Prediction Time (RFP), are proposed to quantify the efficiency of networks. The results show that ConvNeXt_base reaches the highest accuracy among all models but requires the longest training time. AlexNet takes the least training time among all models, but gains the lowest accuracy. Of the four crack types, the block crack has the lowest accuracy, which means it is the most difficult to detect. SqueezeNet1_0 has the highest efficiency among all models in converting the computing power to accuracy. Wide ResNet 50_2 consumes the longest prediction time among CNN models, while the ConvNeXt_base has the highest feasibility on real-time tasks. To implement a suitable deep learning-based pavement crack inspection, we recommend a good balance between computational cost and accuracy. Based on this, we provide practical recommendations according to different user groups.

Security on Dynamic ID-based Authentication Schemes

Jingxuan Zhai,Tianjie Cao,Xiuqing Chen,Shi Huang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.1

Dynamic ID-based authentication schemes based on password and smart card are widely used to provide two-factor authentication and user anonymity. However, these schemes have one or the other possible security weaknesses. In this paper, we analyze the schemes of Li et al. and Wang et al. published in recent years. After the analysis, we demonstrates that Li et al.’s schemes are vulnerable to off-line password guessing attack if the user’s identity is compromised, Li et al.’s scheme cannot withstand the impersonation attack and linkability attack, Wang et al.’s schemes cannot resist off-line password guessing attack if the attacker steals a smart card, Wang et al.’s schemes fail to provide forward security. Our result shows that none of the existing dynamic ID based authentication schemes can achieve all the desirable security goals.

Screening of Recurrence Related MicroRNA in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Functional Study of MicroRNA-654-5p

Shi Li,Tianjie Pu,Lin Xiao,Hongwei Gao,Li Li,Feng Ye,Yueping Liu,Hong Bu 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of breast cancer Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) contributes to 20%–30% of newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in China. Although the breast cancer-specific mortality of DCIS is extremely low, a small proportion of DCIS patients still show relapse or metastasis, leading to poor prognosis. Little is known about the molecular mechanism for DCIS metastasis, partly due to the limited number of poor prognosis patients. This study analyzed the clinicopathological features and screened key microRNAs (miRNAs) contributing to local or distant recurrence. Methods: The clinicopathological features of DCIS were evaluated and survival analysis were performed to clarify risk factors associated with poor prognosis. Using miRNA arrays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) on DCIS formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples with or without microinvasion with different clinical outcomes, potential DCIS metastasis-related miRNAs were screened out and further validated. The influence of one identified miRNA, miRNA-654-5p, on DCIS progression was analyzed. Results: Poor prognosis was significantly associated with larger tumor size and higher lymph node metastasis rate (both p < 0.05). Both were independent prognostic factors for DCIS. According to RT-qPCR results, distinct miRNA expression profiles were identified between DCIS and DCIS with microinvasion (DCIS-Mi) patients. In the DCIS panel, miRNA-654-5p was significantly upregulated in the patients with poor prognosis. In vitro, miRNA-654-5p promoted MDA-MB-231 cell mobility in healing tests and metastasis in the Transwell study. Conclusion: The panel of high-risk miRNAs in DCIS and DCIS-Mi differs markedly. miRNA-654-5p is significantly upregulated DCIS patients having poor prognosis and may be essential for local and distant recurrence in DCIS.

An Improved User-Participating Authentication Scheme

Huang Shi,Tianjie Cao,Gao Caiyun 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.6

Authentication between user and server has become more and more important in the insecure network. Chen et al’s proposed a user-participating authentication scheme. The CAPTCHA techniques and visual secret sharing is used in their scheme. The scheme can complete mutual authentication and resist certain known attacks. But for password guessing attack and denial-of-service attack, it can not resist. Therefore, an improved scheme to eliminate these weaknesses is proposed in this paper.

The Expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Family in Breast Cancer

Yan Qiu,Tianjie Pu,Li Li,Fei Cheng,Changli Lu,Linyong Sun,Xiao Teng,Feng Ye,Hong Bu 한국유방암학회 2014 Journal of breast cancer Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: It is widely accepted that aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) activity is a signature of breast cancer stem cells, andhigh activity has been reported to be associated with poor clinicaloutcome. The aim of this study was to assess the expressionof members of the ALDH family of isozymes in breast cancer tissuesand to evaluate the implications of the results. Methods: Weanalyzed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 160 patients withbreast cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performedon the slides using antibodies against different ALDHfamily members. We collated the IHC results with patient clinicalcharacteristics and determined their prognostic value. In addition,we analyzed normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous tissues insitu to check their ALDH distributions. Results: All the testedALDH members were detected in the various tissue types, but atdifferent levels. Only ALDH 1A3 was found to be significantly associatedwith distant metastasis (p=0.001), disease-free survival(p<0.001), and overall survival (p<0.001). Conclusion: The levelof ALDH 1A3 in breast cancer tissue is a predictive marker of apoor clinical outcome.

Untraceable Analysis of Lightweight RFID Ownership Transfer Protocol

Xiuqing Chen,Tianjie Cao,Jingxuan Zhai,Yu Guo 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.8

Nowaday, the worldwide applications of RFID technologies have contributed to the development of supply chain system. However, to be confronted with various security and privacy issues in lightweight RFID protocols, the security analysis of lightweight ownership transfer (OT) protocols has become an important task. First and foremost, the passive attacker can further break down the security and privacy of three new published lightweight RFID protocols. Subsequently, the proposed protocol is designed to prevent the traceability attacks. Then, it is significant for us to show how to prove strong forward untraceable and backward untraceable of the improved scheme in security model.

Cryptanalysis and Improvement of RFID Ownership Transfer Protocol

Xiuqing Chen,Qiang Zhao,Tianjie Cao,Jingxuan Zhai 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.12

The widespread use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies help to trace a large number of commodity and share the tag information in the supply chain system. However, many ownership transfer protocols are subject to various attacks. We analyze the security of two protocols. Even if the designers claim that their protocols are security, we find that their schemes suffer from forward traceability attacks and tracing attacks. In addition, we show that a weak attacker can retrieve the secrets of the tag with a probability 1 in Kardaş et al.’s protocol. To resist against these attacks, we present an improved scheme based on Kardaş et al.’s protocol by adopting the new key-update mechanism. In the end, we show the enhanced versions provides the forward and backward untraceable security properties.

Soil characteristics and new formation model of loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Jingbo Zhao,Xiaoqing Luo,Yandong Ma,Tianjie Shao,Yingli Yue 한국지질과학협의회 2017 Geosciences Journal Vol.21 No.4

In this paper characteristics of loess are discussed from a pedological perspective. A new model of loess formation is presented, developed in different soil formation processes according to its pedogenic characteristics, including soil structure, organic matter content and CaCO3 content. Loess has all the characteristics of typical soils and all five soil-forming factors have important roles in loess formation. In this regard, loess is a type soil and the previous concept of loess actually comprises various kinds of palaeosols developed in cold and arid climatic conditions. The loess-forming process is, in fact, equivalent to a pedogenic process and loess layers with different characteristics represent different pedogenic processes indicative of different environments, such as desert-steppe, steppe or forest-steppe climatic conditions. In contrast to red-brown palaeosol layers, which develop in warm and wet climates, loesses – more accurately called ‘loessial palaeosols’ – are grey-yellow palaeosols and can be regarded as a reliable indicator of cold and arid climate. The model of loess formation suggests that aeolian dust transfers to grey-yellow palaeosols via pedogenesis and the characteristics of loess are mainly a result of climatic conditions and diagenesis processes after its sedimentation. This new model of loess formation also suggests that traditional pedological theory has its limitations when explaining soil formation processes.

Convenient and Robust Route to Photoswitchable Hierarchical Liquid Crystal Polymer Stripes via Flow-Enabled Self-Assembly

Li, Xiao,Li, Bo,He, Ming,Wang, Wei,Wang, Tianjie,Wang, Aurelia,Yu, Jiwoo,Wang, Zhonglin,Hong, Suck Won,Byun, Myunghwan,Lin, Shaoliang,Yu, Haifeng,Lin, Zhiqun American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.5

<P>Hierarchically arranged stripes of photoswitchable liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) containing azobenzene moieties were conveniently crafted via a flow-enabled self-assembly (FESA). Interestingly, by subjecting a drop of LCP solution to dry in a restricted geometry comprising two nearly parallel plates with a stationary upper plate and a movable lower plate that programmably traveled in a 'stop -and-move' manner during the FESA process, photoswitchable LCP stripes were yielded, displaying two modes of deposition, namely, periodic primary stripes of large dimensions and regularly spaced secondary stripes of small dimensions situated between adjacent, primary stripes (i.e., forming hierarchical LCP stripes). Notably, these hierarchical azobenzene moieties-containing stripes demonstrated sequential photoinduced reversible phase transition (i.e., photoswitching) due to the thickness difference between primary and secondary stripes. A UV light-induced expansion effect. was observed on the LCP stripes. Clearly, such rapid creation of hierarchical stripes by FESA represents a robust means of organizing polymers, nanoparticles, colloids, DNA, etc. into complex yet ordered patterns over a large area in a simple and controllable manner for potential use in surface relief grating, photoactuators, photoswitchable devices, antifake labels, etc.</P>

Chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway exacerbates cisplatin-induced spiral ganglion neuron injury

Tian Jie,Mu Ying,Ma Lili 한국독성학회 2024 Toxicological Research Vol.40 No.1

This study investigated whether chemerin/chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) pathway participate in cisplatin‐induced spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) damage. Middle cochlear turn was collected from C57BL/6 mice and the SGNs were cultured. Cisplatin, 2-(anaphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA), or recombinant mouse chemerin was added into the medium for the treatment. Relative mRNA and protein expression was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot, respectively. In cultured mouse cochlear SGNs, the treatment of cisplatin enhanced the secretion of chemerin and CMKLR1. Recombinant chemerin promoted but α-NETA inhibited chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway in cisplatin stimulated SGNs. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inflammation response in SGNs were enhanced by recombinant chemerin while inhibited by α-NETA. Recombinant chemerin promoted but α-NETA inhibited NF-κB signal in cisplatin stimulated SGNs. In conclusion, chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway regulated apoptosis and inflammation response in cisplatin-induced SGN injury through NF-κB signaling pathway.