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Global justice, national education and local realities in Myanmar: a civil society perspective
Thein Lwin 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.20 No.2
This paper examines social justice in relation to the Myanmar education system, from the perspective of participation in decision-making; the social background of students; culture; language and local knowledge. It highlights the current state of education in Myanmar, including the national education law, the national education strategic plan and educational practice in diferent types of school systems. I argue that the education system in Myanmar is centralized and there is little space for stakeholders’ participation in decision-making. Furthermore, the government is now promoting privatization in education, which increases inequality among social classes. Since the language and culture of the ruling majority Bamar (Myanmar) dominate the school curriculum, indigenous rights to education are neglected. Excluding local wisdom and indigenous knowledge can be considered as part of the colonization of knowledge, through the government education system. In conclusion, the paper suggests key changes that are needed to support a socially just and humanistic approach to education
Investigation of Transformer Model for TRV Calculation by Using Frequency Dependent Inductance Model
Thein, Myo Min,Toda, Hiroaki,Hikita, Masayuki,Ikeda, Hisatoshi,Haginomori, Eiichi,Koshiduka, Tadashi The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2011 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.1 No.2
The transient recovery voltage (TRV) of the transformer limited fault (TLF) current interrupting condition has been investigated with several transformers by using current injection (CIJ) method. A transformer model for the TLF condition is treated as leakage impedance and a stray capacitance with an ideal transformer in a computation by EMTP. By using the frequency response analysis (FRA) measurement, the transformer constants were evaluated at high frequency regions. FRA measurement graphs showed that the leakage inductance value of the test transformers gradually decreases along with the frequency. From these results, frequency dependent transformer equivalent circu it was constructed. The frequency response of the model was good agreement with measurement.
Characterizing Helicobacter pylori cagA in Myanmar
( Thein Myint ),( Muhammad Miftahussurur ),( Ratha-korn Vilaichone ),( New Ni ),( Than Than Aye ),( Phawinee Subsomwong ),( Tomohisa Uchida ),( Varocha Mahachai ),( Yoshio Yamaoka ) 대한간학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.1
Background/Aims: Differences in the Helicobacter pylori infection rate are not sufficient to clarify the dissimilarity of gastric cancer incidence between Myanmar and its neighboring countries. To better understand this trend, the H. pylori virulence gene cagA was characterized in Myanmar. Methods: Glutamate-proline-isoleucine-tyrosine-alanine (EPIYA) patterns and CagA multimerization (CM) motifs of cagA genotypes were examined by performing polymerase chain reactions and DNA sequencing. Results: Of 69 tested H. pylori strains, cagA-positive patients had significantly more severe histological scores in their antrum than cagA-negative patients. Sequence analysis revealed that 94.1% of strains had Western-type cagA containing an EPIYA motif (92.6%) or EPIYT motif (6.4%). The intestinal metaplasia scores in the antral of patients infected with the ABC and ABCC types of cagA were significantly higher than those of patients with AB-type cagA. Interestingly, in patients infected with H. pylori, 46.3% of strains with three EPIYA motifs contained two identical Western-typical CM motifs, and these patients showed significantly higher antrum inflammation scores than patients infected with two identical nontypical-CM motif strains (p=0.02). Conclusions: In Myanmarese strains, Western-type cagA was predominant. The presence of CM motifs and the proportion of multiple EPIYA-C segments might partially explain the intermediate gastric cancer risk found in Myanmar. (Gut Liver 2018;12:51-57)
Thein, P. P.,Choi, S. W. SPRINGER SCIENCE + BUSINESS MEDIA 2016 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH Vol. No.
<P>Assemblages of forest insects across two high mountains (Mt. Hallasan: JJ and Mt. Jirisan: JR) in South Korea were compared by collecting insects using an ultraviolet light trap at 20 sites (200-1700 m elevation ranges) from May to October 2013. A total of 2960 individuals, representing 481 species of 10 orders, were collected on JJ, compared with 7080 individuals representing 769 species of 14 orders on JR. The estimated number of species on JJ was 667 compared with 952 on JR. The differentiation among habitats (beta-diversity) was higher on JJ (4.95) than JR (4.33) because of the island characteristics of JJ. Six insect orders (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Trichoptera) were dominant on both mountains, suggesting that the light trap captures represented well the insect fauna and is an effective method for investigating forest insect diversity. We concluded that forest insect assemblages on mountains are mainly affected by the elevation and the dominant forest in each elevation. In addition, the insect fauna on each mountain was differentiated by the habitat, which could be correlated with geological history.</P>
The Altered Signaling on EFS-Induced Colon Contractility in Diabetic Rats
( Wynn Thein ),( Wah Wah Po ),( Dong Min Kim ),( Uy Dong Sohn ) 한국응용약물학회 2020 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.28 No.4
Diabetes mellitus affects the colonic motility developing gastrointestinal symptoms, such as constipation. The aim of the study was to examine the role of intracellular signaling pathways contributing to colonic dysmotility in diabetes mellitus. To generate diabetes mellitus, the rats were injected by a single high dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The proximal colons from both normal and diabetic rats were contracted by applying an electrical field stimulation with pulse voltage of 40 V in amplitude and pulse duration of 1 ms at frequencies of 1, 2, 4, and 6 Hz. The muscle strips from both normal rats and rats with diabetes mellitus were pretreated with different antagonists and inhibitors. Rats with diabetes mellitus had lower motility than the control group. There were significant differences in the percentage of inhibition of contraction between normal rats and rats with diabetes mellitus after the incubation of tetrodotoxin (neuronal blocker), atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist), prazosin (α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist), DPCPX (adenosine A1 receptor antagonist), verapamil (L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel blocker), U73122 (PLC inhibitor), ML-9 (MLCK inhibitor), udenafil (PDE<sub>5</sub> inhibitor), and methylene blue (guanylate cyclase inhibitor). The protein expression of p-MLC and PDE<sub>5</sub> were decreased in the diabetic group compared to the normal group. These results showed that the reduced colonic contractility resulted from the impaired neuronal conduction and decreased muscarinic receptor sensitivity, which resulted in decreased phosphorylation of MLC via MLCK, and cGMP activity through PDE<sub>5</sub>.